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5.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)

(1)接名詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞:find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。如:

They usually call the baby Dick,他們經(jīng)常把嬰兒的名字稱為迪克。

(2)接形容詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞:keep, get, lay, drink, push, paint, set, turn, drive, let, call, cut, break, open, hold等。如:

She will make him happy.她將使他幸福。

Please cut the stick short.請(qǐng)把這根棍子砍短點(diǎn)。

(3)接副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等作賓補(bǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞:leave, put ,see, notice, watch, observe等。如:

He left me waiting in the rain.他讓我在雨中等。

[典例4] I found _____impossible ______him _____his mind.

A. this, to make; change     B. it; to make; to change

C. this; to make; to change   D. it; to make; change

解析D 及物動(dòng)詞及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)考查題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析法可以判斷:第一空為形式賓語(yǔ)it,第二空為真正的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),第三空為使役動(dòng)詞make后省去to的賓補(bǔ)change。故選D

難點(diǎn) 動(dòng)詞詞組的使用與辨析

動(dòng)詞詞組的使用和辨析是動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)中的重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn),考查形式涉及多項(xiàng)選擇題中的語(yǔ)法和 和詞匯知識(shí)題、多項(xiàng)選擇式完形填空題、短文改錯(cuò)題多種題型。

[典例1]Kathy _____a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.

A. picked up   B. took up   C. made up   D. turned up

解析 A動(dòng)詞詞組辨析題。pick up 獲得,學(xué)到,撿起,使恢復(fù)精神;take up開(kāi)始從事,吸收;make up彌補(bǔ),虛構(gòu);turn up找到,出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句意:凱西通過(guò)與當(dāng)?shù)睾⒆觽兺嫠6鴮W(xué)到了不少西班牙語(yǔ)。故選A。

[典例2]Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______most of her day.(2004·廣東卷)

A. takes up   B. makes up    C. saves up   D. puts up

解析 A考查動(dòng)詞詞組的辨析。海倫總是幫助她的母親,即使上學(xué)占用了她一天中的大部分時(shí)間。四個(gè)短語(yǔ)的意思分別為:take up占據(jù),填滿;make up形成,構(gòu)成或組成某物;save up儲(chǔ)存,儲(chǔ)蓄;put up 張貼(海報(bào)、通告等),提出(意見(jiàn))供討論。根據(jù)句意判斷take up 合題意。

[典例3] You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _____the books when you’ve finished them.(2004·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)

A. put on  B. put down   C. put back   D. put off

解析 C 考查動(dòng)詞詞組的辨析。此句句意為:你可以從書(shū)架上隨便拿書(shū)去讀,但是讀完以后請(qǐng)把書(shū)放回原處put on 穿上,偽裝;put down寫(xiě)下,平定;put off 推遲,搪寒;只有put back放回原處合句意。

[典例4]His mother had thought is would be good for his character to_____from home and earn some money on his own.(2002·北京卷)

A. run away   B take away   C.keep away   D.get away

解析 D 考查動(dòng)詞詞組的辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都符合語(yǔ)法要求,再看本句句意:他母親原本認(rèn)為他離開(kāi)家自己賺錢對(duì)鍛煉他的性格有好處。get away from home的意思正是“離開(kāi)家”。

小試牛刀

試題詳情

4.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)

(1)用to變換間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:bring, give, hand, offer, show, teach, throw,  pass, pay, send, sell, return, tell, allow, lend等。如:

Could you bring me the book?或 Could you bring the book to me ?請(qǐng)你把那本書(shū)帶給我好嗎?

(2)用for變換間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞make,buy,choose,cook,find,get,order,paint,sing, spare,fetch等。如:

He bought me a bottle of ink.或He bought a bottle of ink for me .他為我買了一瓶墨水。

(3)用for和to或其它介詞變換間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:do, leave, play等。如:

Will you do me a favor?或 Will you do a favor for me ?你能幫我忙嗎?

[典例3] Smoking will______harm to you .Please get rid of it.

A. do   B. give   C. make   D. find

解析 A 接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞考查題。此句的harm為直接賓語(yǔ),to you為間接賓語(yǔ)。句意為:吸煙對(duì)你有害,請(qǐng)戒掉煙吧。從搭配而言,常說(shuō)do sb.harm 或do harm to sb。故選A。

試題詳情

3.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表格

系動(dòng)詞在此句型中的用法:be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go,  turn, fall, run, keep等。

(1)系動(dòng)詞+形容詞作表語(yǔ)。如:

 That argument sounds reasonable,那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)聽(tīng)起來(lái)有道理。

(2)系動(dòng)詞+名詞作表語(yǔ)。如:

Later he became an acrobat.他后來(lái)成為一名雜技演員。

(3)系動(dòng)詞+副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或反身代詞作表語(yǔ)。如:

He is near,他在附近。

[典例2]The cooking chicken in the pot ______very good.

A. smells   B. feels   C. sounds    D. tastes

解析 A 系動(dòng)詞考查題。根據(jù)The cooking chicken正在煮的的雞肉,推斷出“聞起來(lái)很香”,故用smell。其它feel感覺(jué)起來(lái);sound聽(tīng)起來(lái);taste嘗起來(lái),均不合題意。

試題詳情

2.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)

理解及物動(dòng)詞在此句型中帶賓語(yǔ)的用法:

(1)及物動(dòng)詞+名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。如:

He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂舉過(guò)頭頂。

Will you be spending your holiday abroad this year?你今年準(zhǔn)備到國(guó)外去度假嗎?

(2)及物動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。此類及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有:avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practice, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off ,insist on ,give up, can’t help, stick to等。如:

I suggested taking a walk.我建議去散步。

You must not give up studying.你不該放棄學(xué)習(xí)。

(3)及物動(dòng)詞+不定式作賓語(yǔ)。此類及物動(dòng)詞有:afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn,

offer, plan, refuse等。如:

I hope to go to college.我希望上大學(xué)。

The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.公司無(wú)法支付如此巨額的工資。

(4)既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞(見(jiàn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題之熱點(diǎn))。

試題詳情

1.主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞

理解不及物動(dòng)詞在此句型中的常用法:

(1)一般表達(dá)型。此類不及物動(dòng)詞?膳c表示距離、持續(xù)時(shí)間、重量、價(jià)值等的副詞修飾語(yǔ)連用。如:Boy, can you go any farther? Boy, can you go any farther? 伙計(jì),你還走得動(dòng)嗎?

The smoke from our fire rose straight up in the still air.

我們生的火冒出的煙在無(wú)風(fēng)的空氣中裊裊上升。

(2)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義型。此類常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)有:read, sell wash, write, open, draw, wear, happen, take place, break out ,last ,go out ,run out ,cost, spread等。如:

The tickets to the play sold well。那臺(tái)戲的戲票很暢銷。

The accident happened outside my house.這個(gè)事故發(fā)生在我家房子的外面。

[典例1]Food and drink are _____,but the men are still cheerful and confident.

A. running out   B. going out  C. spreading   D. happening

解析 A 不及物動(dòng)詞的考查。動(dòng)詞run out表示“被用完”; go out 表示“出去,熄滅”;spread表示“傳播”;happen表示“發(fā)生”。根據(jù)句意:食物和飲料快用光了,但這些人仍舊很愉快和自信。

試題詳情

2.實(shí)為及物動(dòng)詞卻常被誤為不及物動(dòng)詞

enter(誤為enter into)     marry(誤為marry with)

reach(誤為reach to)      mention(誤為mention about)

serve(誤為serve for)      address(誤為address to)

approach(誤為approach with)  salute(誤為salute to)

fit(誤為fit for)        benefit (誤為benefit to)

[典例2]She ____John to get away from her step-mother.

A. married    B. married  with   C. married to   D. was married

解析A此句中的marry表示“嫁給”,為及物動(dòng)詞,可直接帶賓語(yǔ)。

重點(diǎn)2 五種基本句型中的動(dòng)詞使用

簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型,通常與及物動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞密不可分。

試題詳情

1.幾組拼寫(xiě)形式不同而容易混淆的動(dòng)詞

hang hanged hanged(絞死)        lay laid laid(放置)

hang hung hung(懸掛)          lie lied lied(說(shuō)慌)

                   lie lay lain(平臥)

find found found(發(fā)現(xiàn))          fall fell fallen(跌倒)

found founded founded(建立)        fell felled felled(砍伐、擊倒)

                   fail failed failed(失敗)

[典例1] The carpet where he _____was warm and comfortable, so he slept soundly.

A. was laying   B. was lying   C. had laid   D.了had lied

解析 B 易混淆詞辨析題。動(dòng)詞lay表示“擱置、放”時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞為laying,過(guò)去分詞為laid;而lie作“躺”講時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞為lying,過(guò)去分詞為lain,如其過(guò)去分詞為lied,則含義為“撒謊”。此處為“躺的地方”,故用was lying。

試題詳情

4.關(guān)于hurt, wound, injure和harm

(1)hurt:表示“肉體或情感上的痛苦,強(qiáng)調(diào)疼痛感”。如:

Many people were hurt when a bus and a truck collided.

一輛公共汽車和一輛卡車相撞,許多人受了傷。

(2)wound:表示“由于劍、刀、槍等銳器造成身體上較嚴(yán)重的外傷,特別是在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中受傷”。如:The soldier was wounded in the arm.這個(gè)士兵的胳膊受傷了。

(3)injure:表示“指意外事故或偶發(fā)事件造成的傷害”。如:

There were two people injured in the car accident.

有兩個(gè)人在車禍中受了傷。

(4)harm: 表示“引起疼痛、痛苦或損失,其對(duì)象可以是自己,也可以是其他人或物”。如:Our dog won’t harm you.我們的狗不會(huì)傷害你的。

Getting up early won’t harm you!早起對(duì)你沒(méi)有壞處。

[典例4]There was an unexpected explosion in our street, but our building wasn’t_____ at all .

A. hurt   B. wounded    C. harmed    D. injured

解析 C 近義詞辨析題目。hurt強(qiáng)調(diào)“精神或肉體上的疼痛”;wound強(qiáng)調(diào)“刀、槍傷”;harm強(qiáng)調(diào)“危害、損失”;injure強(qiáng)調(diào)“意外傷害”。名意為:我們住的街道發(fā)生了一次意外的爆炸事故,但我們的大樓卻絲毫沒(méi)有受損。故用harmed合句意。

重點(diǎn)  1 兩種常錯(cuò)?嫉目勺髦^語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

試題詳情

3.關(guān)于cost, spend, take和pay

(1)從意義上講,都可表示“花錢”。如:“我花10元錢買襯衣”。這一句話可有四種翻譯:

The shirt cost me ten yuan.

I spent ten yuan on the shirt.

It took me ten yuan to buy the shirt.

I paid ten yuan for the shirt.

(2)結(jié)構(gòu)搭配上的不同

①spend的主語(yǔ)只能是人。

常用結(jié)構(gòu):sb. +spend(s)+time/money on sth./in doing sth.

②cost的主語(yǔ)只能是指事或物的名詞、代詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)。

常用結(jié)構(gòu):sth. +cost(s)+ sb. +time/money

③take的主語(yǔ)多為指物的名詞。

常用結(jié)構(gòu):It + takes +time/ money +to do sth.

④pay的主語(yǔ)是人,為買某物而付錢。

常用結(jié)構(gòu):sb. +pay(s)+ money +for sth.

[典例3] I _____the coat in the supermarket for 260yuan.

A. cost    B. paid    C. pent    D. bought

解析 D近義詞辨析題。用cost,則主謂搭配不當(dāng);用pay,則260 yuan作賓語(yǔ);用spend,則與for 260 yuan搭配不當(dāng);應(yīng)選用buy,其用法和搭配均與句意吻合。

試題詳情

2.關(guān)于fit, suit和match

(1)fit作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“適合、配上、合身”。如:

This coat fits her nicely.這件外套非常合適。

The key doesn’t fit the lock,這把鑰匙不合這把鎖。

(2)作形容詞,表示“適合、健康”》常構(gòu)成be fit for 。如:

He is fit for the job,他適合這份工作。

The water is fit to drink.這水適合喝。

(3)作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“吻合、合身”。如:

Does the coat fit?這件大衣合身嗎?

(4)suit作適合,常強(qiáng)調(diào)顏色、款式等適合某人,而fit則強(qiáng)調(diào)大小合身。如:

That color doesn’t suit your complexion(膚色)。這顏色不適合你的膚色。

(5)match表示“在(品質(zhì)、顏色、設(shè)計(jì)等方面)與……相配”。如:

Carpets should match the curtains.地毯必須與窗簾區(qū)配。

[典例2]The red tie you bought doesn’t ______my coat.

A. fit    B. fit for    C. suit    D. match

解析D 近義詞辨析題目。fit作及物動(dòng)詞,表示大小合身;作不及物動(dòng)詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)“吻合”;作形容詞,則須用be fit for; suit 強(qiáng)調(diào)“款式合適”,只有match強(qiáng)調(diào)“與……匹配”。故選D。

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