2．鋪寫人物的年齡教養(yǎng)。借此以顯示人物的成長過程。如《焦仲卿妻》中的劉蘭芝：“十三能織素，十四學(xué)裁衣，十五彈箜篌，十六誦詩書�！币酝滑F(xiàn)蘭芝的知書達理、聰明能干。
1．銷寫人物的服飾裝扮。借此以顯示人物的身分和外表。如漢代《陌上�！分忻鑼懬亓_敷的裝束：“頭上倭墮髻，耳中明月珠。湘綺為下裙，紫綺為上襦�！币庠谕滑F(xiàn)羅敷的端莊和美貌。
2.get,gain,win,earn
get是最普遍的詞，在非正式場合可以替代幾乎所有的其他動詞。
gain暗示目的物需要努力奮斗才能得到，強調(diào)獲得的過程。
win指在競爭、戰(zhàn)爭、比賽中獲勝，并可能由此得到獎賞。
earn通常用于與金錢、報酬、謀生相關(guān)的場合，而且含有這些報酬是應(yīng)得的意思，暗示獲得物與所花的氣力是相互成比例的。
應(yīng)用
(1)I sat in the front of the bus to ______a good view of the countryside.
(2)She______experience while working for the newspaper.
(3)Who is going to ______the elections?
(4)She ______￡1 000 a month.
答案：(1)get (2)gained (3)win (4)earns
典例剖析
[例1] (2004年全國卷Ⅱ,27)______you call me to say you’re not coming,I’ll see you at the theatre.
A.Though B.Whether C.Until D.Unless
剖析：從上下文的意思看，從句中需要表示否定含義的引導(dǎo)詞，unless在意思上相當(dāng)于if not,因此選D。
答案：D
[例2] (2004年浙江,35)Anyway,that evening,______I’ll tell you more about later,I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A.when B.where C.what D.which
剖析：本題考查非限制性定語從句的用法。本句中的先行詞為that evening;關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞about的賓語。
答案：D
1.accept...as;recognize...as;treat...as...;think of...as...
accept...as...接受或認(rèn)可(某種演說、說明等)；忍受
recognize ...as公認(rèn)……
treat ... as ... 把……當(dāng)作……
think of...as...認(rèn)為……是……(普通用語)
應(yīng)用
(1)We now______the car as being essential rather than a luxury.
(2)Immediately after her death,Qiu in was______as a heroine.
(3)You may______the report as true/a fact.
(4)Lawrence’s novel was eventually______as a work of genius.
(5)We have to______things as they are.
(6)He______my words as a joke.
答案：(1)think of (2)recognized (3)accept (4)recognized (5)accept
(6)treated 或thought of
2.“與其說……倒不如……；不只是”的表示法
教材原句
They need recognition, more than sympathy and help.
與其說他們需要同情與幫助，倒不如說他們需要承認(rèn)。
補充例句
(1)It’s her manner I dislike, more than what she actually says.
我討厭的倒不是她實際上說些什么，而是她的態(tài)度。
(2)She cares far more for her dogs than she does for me.
她關(guān)心狗遠遠勝過關(guān)心我。
(3)Chinese is more than a language.
中文不僅僅是一種語言。
*rather than也表此意
(1)He is a politician rather than a statesman.
說他是政治家，不如說他是政客。
(2)It is hot rather than warm.
與其說天氣暖和，不如說是熱。
(3)I would prefer to stay home rather than go out.
我寧愿留在家里也不愿出去。
疑難突破
1.while 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
教材原句
While I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do.
盡管我可能走不了路，但我能做許多其他的了不起的事情。
特別提示
while 可用于表示讓步、對照，意為“然而，但是，雖然”。
(1)That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.
那個地區(qū)自然資源豐富，這個地區(qū)卻一點也沒有。
(2)While I have some sympathy for them, I don’t think they are right.
雖然我對他們有些同情，我卻不認(rèn)為他們是對的。
(3)While she is a likeable girl she can be extremely difficult to work with.
她雖然是一個可愛的姑娘，但有時很難與她共事。
特別提示
可用于這種表示讓步關(guān)系的連詞還有although,though,when等。注意：when引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，常置于主句之后。
補充例句
(1)They kept digging when they must have known there was no hope.
他們明知沒有希望，但還是在不停地挖。
(2)He works when he might retire.
雖然可以退休，他還是工作。
3.be aware of
例句集錦
I’m well(quite)aware of the risk.
我深知那項風(fēng)險。
She was/became aware of the danger.
她(終于)覺察到危險。
He was aware that he had drunk too much.
他曉得他喝了太多(酒)。
Few of them were aware(of)what a hypocrite he really was.
他們之中很少人知道他實際上是個什么樣的偽君子。
Are you aware(of)how much this means to me?
你曉得這對我有多大意義嗎？
特別提示
作介詞“of”賓語的可數(shù)名詞、that從句及wh-從句，在接從句時，of�？墒÷�。
●必背句型
2.allow for
例句集錦
The journey usually takes 3 weeks,but you should allow for delays caused by bad weather.
這趟旅行通常需時三周，但是你應(yīng)該考慮到惡劣天氣所造成的延誤。
His inexperience should be allowed for.
他的無經(jīng)驗被考慮在內(nèi)。
Allowing for inflation,the cost of the project is $2 million.
考慮到通貨膨脹的因素，這個項目的費用為200萬美元。
相關(guān)歸納
considering(介詞)考慮到；鑒于
Considering the strength of the opposition,we did very well to score two goals.
考慮到對方實力強大，我們進了兩個球就很不錯了。
John did quite well considering how little he studied.
考慮到約翰才學(xué)了那么一點點，他考得已算很不錯了。
特別提示
allow for 為動詞詞組，而considering詞性為介詞。
1.get/be/come used to
例句集錦
I’m sure I’ll get used to the hard work.
我肯定會習(xí)慣艱苦的工作。
I haven’t got used to getting up so early.
我不習(xí)慣于起這么早。
After a month she got/become used to English food.
一個月后，她變得習(xí)慣于(吃)英國食品。
相關(guān)歸納
(1)used to 過去常常
I used to smoke a pipe.
我從前常抽煙斗。
I used to think I’d like to be an astronaut.
我從前想當(dāng)宇航員。
It used to be believed that the earth was flat.
以前的人相信地球是平的。
(2)be used to 還可表示“被用來”,used動詞use的被動形式。
Bamboo is used to make paper.
竹子被用來造紙。
特別提示
be used to doing用法與get used to doing相同，只不過be used to 表示狀態(tài)，而get used to 表示動作或狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變。
6.attempt
例句集錦
n.
He made one last attempt at the world record.
他為破世界記錄作了最后一次努力。
They made no attempt at escaping.
他們沒有試圖逃走。
Zhang Jian made an attempt to swim across the English Channel.
張健試圖游過英吉利海峽。
They decreased their production in an attempt to push the prices.
他們減少生產(chǎn)量，以試圖抬高價格。
vt.
They attempted a surprise attack.
他們企圖偷襲。
The prisoners attempted to escape,but failed.
那些囚犯試圖逃走，但失敗了。
He attempted breaking the world record.
他試圖打破世界紀(jì)錄。
用法歸納
*attempt 可用作名詞和及物動詞，意為：努力、嘗試、企圖、未遂行為； 嘗試；試圖；試圖征服(危險的山、海等)。
特別提示
attempt 用作及物動詞表示“試圖；企圖”時，常含結(jié)果失敗之意。
●重點短語
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