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8. 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語時, 謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù). 如:

His clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of , 謂語一般用單數(shù).如:

　 　 A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡.

7.　 none 做主語時,謂語動詞可用單數(shù), 也可用復(fù)數(shù); 但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語動詞要用單數(shù). 如:

　 　 None of us are (is) perfect.　 人無完人.

　 　 None of this worries me.　 這事一點不使我著急.

6.　　　　　　 若主語中有more than one 或many a/an , 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù), 但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù). 但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one做主語時, 謂語動詞仍用復(fù)數(shù). 如:

Many a boy likes playing basketball.　　 許多男生都喜歡打籃球.

More than one student was late.　　 不只一個學(xué)生遲到

More persons than one come to help us. 不止一個人來幫助我們.

5.　　　　　　 each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語動詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:

Each of us has something to say. 我們每個人都有話要說

4.　　　　　　 用連接的并列主語被each, every 或no修飾時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).

Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.　 每個男孩和每個女孩都喜歡去游泳.

No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.　 沒有老師也沒有學(xué)生開會缺席.

Each man and (each) woman is asked to help.　 每個男人和每個女人都被請去幫忙.

3.　　　　　　 不定式(短語), 動名詞(短語), 或從句作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù). 如:

Serving the people is my great happiness.

為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.

When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.

我們什么時候出去郊游已決定了.

2.　　　　　　 用and連接的并列主語,如果主語是同一個人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語動詞用單數(shù), 否則用復(fù)數(shù). 如:

The poet and writer has come.　　 那位詩人兼作家來了.(一個人)

A hammer and a saw are useful tools.　 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣物)

用and連接的成對名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個整體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).

1.　　　　　　 單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引導(dǎo)的短語, 謂語動詞仍用單數(shù).

　如: Air as well as water is matter.　　 空氣和水都是物質(zhì).

　　 No one except two servants was late for the dinner.　 除了 兩個仆人外, 沒有一個人遲來用餐

同位語從句和定語從句相似，都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語從句不同于定語從句。同位語從句對名詞加以補充說明，是名詞全部內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)，且名詞和同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均不在從句中作成分；定語從句說明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，且名詞和定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在從句中作成分。

區(qū)分時可以在先行詞與與從句之間加一個系動詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個新句子，如果句子通順且符合邏輯，則為同位語從句，反之，則為定語從句。

如：The report that he was going to resign was false.

　　 他將辭職的傳聞是假的。

因為the report was that he was going to resign 句意通順，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位語從句。

　例：Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海)

　A.while B.that C.when D.as

　析：答案為B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的內(nèi)容，且Information不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：

　It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.

　A.what B.that C.when D.as

　析：答案為B。that has been put forward為information的修飾性定語，且information在從句中作主語，所以該句為定語從句。

第6講：主謂一致

主謂一致指”人稱”和”數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.

可分為:語法一致, 內(nèi)容一致, 就近一致.

4.當(dāng)主句的謂語較短，而同位語從句較長時，同位語從句常后肢。

如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.　　 他突然想到敵人可能已經(jīng)逃出城了。