—Excuse me. How do you that in English? —It’s an eraser.
A. talk B. say C. speak D. tell
B
【解析】
試題分析:句意:——?jiǎng)隈{。那個(gè)用英語你怎么說?——是一塊橡皮。A. Talk談話;B. Say說,(要有內(nèi)容);C. Speak說(比較正式),說語言;D. Tell告訴。根據(jù)語意故選B。
考點(diǎn):考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
考點(diǎn)分析: 考點(diǎn)1:動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語 就是表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的詞。根據(jù)其在句中的功能,動(dòng)詞可分為四類,分別是:實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 動(dòng)詞分類及用法 一、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又叫行為動(dòng)詞,分成及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞 。 1、及物動(dòng)詞是必須帶賓語的動(dòng)詞,可分為如下兩類。 1) 及物動(dòng)詞+賓語例:I love my home. 我愛我家。 He bought an English dictionary. 他買了一本英語詞典。 2) 及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語例:She taught us maths. 她教我們數(shù)學(xué)。 My mother gave me a new pen. 母親給了我一支新鋼筆。提示:常用的能接雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞有:give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook等。 2、 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞不需要跟賓語,本身意義完整。例:She came last week. 她上周來的。 It is raining hard. 正下著大雨。 Class began at half past seven. 7點(diǎn)半開始上課。 What happened yesterday? 昨天發(fā)生了什么事? 3、同一動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可用作及物動(dòng)詞,有時(shí)可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。例如:She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物動(dòng)詞。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物動(dòng)詞。) 二、系動(dòng)詞 系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語,后面必須跟表語構(gòu)成合成式謂語。表語通常由名詞、形容詞,或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng),說明主語是什么或怎么樣。連系動(dòng)詞有 be, seem, look, become, get, grow, feel, appear, remain, turn。 例如: The story sounds true. Those oranges taste good. 三、助動(dòng)詞 協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞。 助動(dòng)詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨(dú)使用,只能在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞前構(gòu)成謂語的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及否定式和疑問式。它沒有對應(yīng)的漢譯,例如: He doesn't like English. 他不喜歡英語。 (doesn't是助動(dòng)詞,無詞義;like是主要?jiǎng)釉~,有詞義) He is singing. 他在唱歌。(is是助動(dòng)詞,無詞義,構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)) 四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人對有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法,認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等,不能單獨(dú)作謂語,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加動(dòng)詞原形。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形,否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 "not"。常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有 : Can(could) (能,會(huì)) 如:I can swim. 我會(huì)游泳。 May(might) (可以) 如: You may go now. 你現(xiàn)在可以走了。 Must (必須) 如:You must do your homework. 你必須寫作業(yè)。 Need (需要) 如:He needs our help. 他需要我們的幫助。 注意:1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測在肯定句中一般用must (一定),can, could(可能),might /may(也許,或許)。否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能)。例如: It can’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 這不可能是校長,他去美國了。 2、can和could表示允許的用法:表示現(xiàn)在的允許時(shí),若是請求別人允許自己做某事,兩者均可用,但用could 語氣更委婉;若是自己允許別人做某事,一般只用 can,而不用 could。如: Can [Could] I come in? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎? 3、must和have to的用法 表示必須、必要。(must表示主觀多一些而have to則表示客觀多一些)如: You must come in time. 你必須及時(shí)過來。 回答must引出的問句時(shí),如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don't have to。 — Must we hand in our exercise books today? — Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.) —我們今天必須交上練習(xí)冊嗎? —是的。(不,不必。) 4、need表示“需要”或“必須”,作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),僅用于否定句或疑問句中,后跟動(dòng)詞原形。Need還常用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化,后面通常接名詞、代詞和帶to的不定式, Do you need a dictionary? 你需要詞典嗎? You needn't give it back before Friday. 你不必在星期五前還我。 常見考法 對于動(dòng)詞的考查,通常會(huì)在單選,詞語運(yùn)用和完形填空中出現(xiàn)。除了考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)外,只要考查實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的固定短語,系動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的靈活運(yùn)用。 典型例題:--Must I return the magazine to you right now,Sandy/ --No,you .you may keep it until next Wednesday. A. needn't B. can't C. must D. may 解析:本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must構(gòu)成的疑問句的回答方式。否定回答應(yīng)該用 needn't 。 答案:A 誤區(qū)提醒 漢語和英語的動(dòng)詞有較大差異,而學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)是往往容易套用漢語,從而混淆意思相近而用法不同的詞或詞組,也容易混淆詞形相近而意思不同的詞或詞組,例如look for和find, listen和 hear。所以我們在學(xué)習(xí)中要認(rèn)真分析不同的詞或詞組。 典型例題:They had to ___the 800--meter race because of the bad weather. A put on B put off C get on D get up 解析:本題考查四個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語的區(qū)別。put on “穿上,戴上”; put off“推遲”; get on “上車”; get up“起床”。根據(jù)語境,應(yīng)選put off。 答案:B 試題屬性
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