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Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.

　It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories.

  Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors,

 have been translated into many languages.

 Modern science fiction writers don't write about men from Mars or space adventure stories. They   are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now.

Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones.

In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.

6、Dirty Britain

Before the grass has thickened on the roadside and leaves have started growing on the trees is a perfect time to look around and see just how dirty Britain has become. The pavements are stained with chewing gum that has been spat out and the gutters（the low part at the edge of a road where water collects and flows away:） are full of thrown away fast food cartons. Years ago I remember traveling abroad and being saddened by the plastic bags, waste bottles at the edge of every road. Nowadays, Britain seems to look at least as bad. What has gone wrong?

   The problem is that the rubbish created by our increasingly mobile lives lasts a lot longer than before. If it is not cleared up and properly thrown away, it stays in the bushes for years; a

semi-permanent reminder of what a shabby little country we have now. Firstly, it is estimated that 10 billion plastic bags have been given to shoppers. These will take anything from 100 to 1,000 years to rot. However, it is not as if there is no solution to this. A few years ago, the Irish government introduced a tax on non-recyclable carrier bags and in three months reduced their use by 90%. When he was a minister, Michael Meacher attempted to introduce a similar arrangement in Britain. The plastics industry protested, of course. However, they need not have bothered; the idea was killed before it could draw breath, leaving supermarkets free to give away plastic bags.

   What is clearly necessary right now is some sort of combined initiative, both individual and collective, before it is too late. The alternative is to continue sliding downhill until we have a

country that looks like a vast municipal rubbish tip. We may well be at the tipping point. Yet we know that people respond to their environment. If things around them are clean and tidy, people behave cleanly and tidily. If they are surrounded by dirt, they behave dirtily. Now, much of Britain looks pretty dirty. What will it look like in five years?

76. The writer says that it is a good time to see Britain before the trees have leaves because_______.

    A. Britain looks perfect.                                 B. you can see Britain at its dirtiest.

C. you can see how dirty Britain is now.      D. the grass has thickened on the roadside.

77 . According to the writer, the major problem is that __________.

A. rubbish can not be cleared up                        B. rubbish lasts longer than it used to

C. our society is increasingly mobile                  D. people in Britain are dirty

78. What can be learned about Michael Meacher?

A. He followed the Irish example with a tax on plastic bags.

B. He failed in his attempt to introduce a tax on plastic bags.

C. His attempt to follow the Irish example with a tax on plastic bags was welcomed.

D. He had problems with the plastics industry who weren’t bothered about the tax.

79. What does the writer state in the last paragraph?

A. It’s too late for people to take immediate action.

B. There is more than one solution to the problem.

C. Britain will become an extremely dirty country in five years.

D. People tend to behave according to what they see around them.

5、Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
   During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar shouting as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
   You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning, but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.
  Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.

72. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably__________
   A. he is a lazy person                              B. he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
   C. he is not sure when his energy is low   D. he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
73. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
     A. Unawareness of energy cycles.          

B. Familiar shouting.
C. A change in a family member’s energy cycle.
D. Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.

74.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should_________
A. change his energy cycle               B. overcome his laziness
C. get up earlier than usual               D. go to bed earlier

75.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one’s energy
B. Dr. Kletman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.
C. Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle
D. Children have energy cycles, too.

4、You may read the questions first.

　　69. In which of the following ways of booking does one probably have to pay extra money?

　　   A. In person.     B. By telephone.     C. By fax.    D. By post.

　　70. One has to wait for 2 days or longer for a reply if he/she pays______.

　　   A. in person      B.  by telephone     C. by fax      D. by post

　　71. What is a useful number to call at 11 a.m. Sunday?

　　   A.01789 295623                     B.0541 541051

　　   C.01789 261174                     D.01862 387665

3、When the two tiny ducklings were caught by the sharp jaws of a larger German shepherd, they must have thought their time on earth was up.

But as luck would have it for the frightened wild ducklings that had lost their mother, the dog that helped them out of the bushes had only their best interests at heart.

Duke, a one-year-old German shepherd, found the two ducklings hidden in long grass next to his owner’s workplace on the edge of the Thronybank Industrial Estate in Dalkeith.

   And despite the natural instincts of a hunter, the dog gently took them in its mouth and carried them back to his blanket, putting them down where it was warm and even washing them clean with his tongue.

The ducklings will be looked after by staff at the center until they are old enough to be released into the wild.

“This dog is a modern day Rin Tin Tin,( The world’s most famous German shepherd dog) and to pick them up in his mouth without harming them is quite something. “To them try and wash them is just amazing behavior.” said one of the staff.

65.   The underlined part in the first paragraph means ___________.

A.      they used up their time completely.

B.      they will become the food of the dog.

C.      they will be saved by the dog.

D.     they have finished their daily job.

66.   Duke is the ________ of the German shepherd.

A. name         B. owner        C. friend              D. trainer

67. From the sentence “And despite the natural instincts of a hunter,…” in fourth paragraph we learned the fact that ________.

   A. Dogs are friendly to their preys     B. Dogs change their appetite

   C. Dogs are born hunter                   D. Dogs become vegetarian

68. According to the last two paragraphs we know that it is ________ for a hunter like dog to save and even lick ducklings clean.

    A. common      B. impossible      C. interesting         D. miraculous 

2、Inequality between men and women results in poorer health for children and greater poverty for the family, ___50___ a new study. The UN agency Unicef found that in places where women are excluded from family___51___, children are more___52___to suffer from malnutrition.(營養(yǎng)不良) There would be 13 million ___53___ malnourished children in South Asia if women had an ___54___ say in the family, Unicef said.

   Unicef ___55___ family decision-making in 30 countries around the world. Their chief finding is that ___56___ between men and women is vital to___57___ poverty and improving health, especially that of children, in developing countries. The ___58___ are contained in the agency's latest report. This report___59___ to a greater lack of ___60___ for girls and women in education and work which contributes to inferior position and poverty. Where men control the household, less money is spent on health care and food for the family, which ___61___ poorer health for the children.

  An increase in ___62___ and income-earning opportunities for women would increase their ___63___ power, the report said. For example, the agency found that ___64___ has the greater share of household income and property decides whether those resources will be used for family needs.

Evidence is increasing that common influenza viruses are becoming resistant to the main drug used to treat them. The drug is oseltamivir, also known as Tamiflu.

The most common ___41___ flu virus found in the United States this year is type A (H1N1). During the last flu season, twelve percent of H1N1 viruses ___42___ in the United States were resistant to Tamiflu. This year, researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention say ___43___ is close to 100 percent. Still, they say early reports show that flu___44___ has been low so far this year.

The research team is reporting its findings in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Alicia Fry led the team. Doctor Fry says it is better to prevent the flu than to have to ___45___ it. And the best form of prevention, she says, is getting vaccinated (進(jìn)行預(yù)防接種) each year against influenza.

Viruses change, or mutate, (變異) so flu vaccines must be reformulated each year to target the most common threats.

But last week, two teams working ___46___ reported a discovery that could help lead to a universal flu vaccine. The hope is to develop a vaccine that could give ___47___ protection against a majority of flu viruses, including bird flu.

The scientists ___48___ a protein that inactivates the flu virus before it can mutate.

One team used an antibody found in blood donated by an individual. Scientist Ian Wilson at the Scripps Research Institute in California says the antibodies proved ___49 ___ effective in laboratory mice exposed to deadly levels of virus. He says they gave complete protection .

34、 I’ll probably see you on Sunday; 　　　　, it will be on Monday.

A. thus      B. then      C. after all      D. if not

33、―I really like the modern digital camera you lent me last week.

―　　　　.

―And thank you very much for letting me keep it so long.

A. I’m glad you like it      B. Don’t mention it

C. I hope you like it           D. That’s all right

32、Was it from the teacher　　　　you learned about this？

A. when      B. where      C. that      D. which