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4、In the 1600’s when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwestern United States, they came across the ancestors of the modern-day Pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni peoples. These ancestors, known variously as the basket makers, the Anasazi, or the Ancient ones, had lived in the area for at least 2,000 years. They were an advanced agricultural people who used irrigation to help grow their crops.

The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of earth and wood. Anasazi houses were originally built underground and were entered from the roof. But around the year 700 A．D., the Anasazi began to build their homes above ground and join them together into multistoried complexes, which the Spanish called villages. Separate underground rooms in these villages—known as kivas or holy places—were set aside for religious ceremonies. Each kiva had a fireplace and a hole that was believed to lead to the underworld. The largest villages had five stories and more than 800 rooms.

The Anasazi family was ruled by women. The sacred objects of the family were under the control of the oldest female, but the actual ceremonies were conducted by her brother or son. Women owned the rooms in the village and the crops, once they were harvested. While still growing, crops belonged to the men who, in contrast to most other Native American groups, planted them. The women made baskets and pottery; the men wove cloth and made jewelry.

Each village had two chiefs. The village chief dealt with land arguments and religious affairs. The war chief led the men in fighting during occasional conflicts that broke out with neighboring villages and directed the men in community building projects. The political and social organization of the Anasazi made it almost impossible for the groups to conquer them.

1．The Anasazi people were considered agriculturally advanced because of the way they ______ .

     A．stored their crops                              B．harvested their crops

     C．watered their crops                  D．planted their fields

2．Who would have been most likely to control the sacred objects of an Anasazi family?

     A．A 20- year – old man                        B．A 20- year – old woman

     C．A 50- year – old man                  D．A 50- year – old woman

3．What can we infer from the passage?

     A．The presence of the Spanish destroyed Anasazi society.

     B．The Anasazi benefited from trading relations with the Spanish.

     C．Anasazi society exhibited a clear division of labor.

     D．Conflicts between neighboring Anasazi villages were easily solved.