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6、If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secret. Ciphers (暗碼) are another. In a code, each word is written as a secret code or code number. In a cipher each letter is changed.

    Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2,000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During the American Revolution, George Washington’s spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military(軍事的) action. In World War II, the Americans “broke”, or figured out, Japan’s most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet.

    Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when they were added to the stock(商品). Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.

    In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer(星相家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher. He took to sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes. Then he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friend received it he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.

1.The best title of this passage is                  .

       A.Codes and Ciphers                               B.Differences between Codes and Ciphers

       C.History of Codes and Ciphers                D.Inventors of Codes and Ciphers

2.Which of the following statements is true?

       A.Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.

       B.You could read some words in Geronimo’s letter without his trellis.

       C.The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.

       D.Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 16th century.

3.According to Geronimo Cardano, a trellis is                .

       A.a(chǎn) piece of paper with many small holes 

       B.a(chǎn) secret message with a lot of small holes

       C.a(chǎn) letter with unreadable words and sentences

       D.a(chǎn) sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures

4.It is NOT mentioned in the passage that codes and ciphers are used for the purpose of       .

       A.military affairs                                     B.commercial secrets

       C.scientific achievements                D.personal enjoyment

6、ABAC

請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里輸入關(guān)鍵詞:
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解

If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secret. Ciphers (密碼) are another. In a code each word is written as a secret code word or code number. In a cipher each letter is changed.

Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2, 000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During the American Revolution, George Washington's spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military action. In World War Ⅱ, the Americans "broke", or figured out, Japan's most important naval codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet(艦隊(duì)).

Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when they were added to the stock. Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.

In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer(占星家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher. He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes. Then he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.

1. What does the underlined word "trellis"mean?

A. A piece of paper with many small holes.

B. A machine with a lot of small holes.

C. A letter with unreadable words and sentences.

D. A sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures.

2. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.

B. You could read some words in Geronimo' s letter without his trellis.

C. The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.

D. Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 16th century.

3. The best title of this passage is________.

A. Codes and Ciphers

B. Differences between Codes and Ciphers

C. History of Codes and Ciphers

D. Inventors of Codes and Ciphers

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解

If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secrets. Ciphers(暗碼) are another. In the code each word is written as a secret code or word number. In a cipher each letter is changed.

Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the word. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2000years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During American Revolution, George Washington’s spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military(軍事的) action. In World War 2,the American “broke”, or figured out, Japan’s most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet(艦隊(duì))。

Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when they were added to the stock. Businessman use codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.

In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer(星相家),mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis ciphers. He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis, over the clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes. Then he removed the trellis and filed the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friends received it, He put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.

Title 71.            

Aspects

In wars

72.                

In science circle

Means

Using codes and ciphers

Using codes

Cutting holes in two exact pieces of paper and writing the message 73               

Covering the trellis over the writing received to get

74.             

75.    

To 76.                to troops

To know about business situations

To 79.         

to themselves

To make the military leaders

77.                of the situation of the war

78.         

from opponents

Results

80.         enemies

Achieving business goals

Sharing secrets messages

 

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解

A

If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secret. Ciphers (密碼) are another. In a code each word is written as a secret code word or code number. In a cipher each letter is changed.

Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2, 000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During the American Revolution, George Washington's spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military action. In World War Ⅱ, the Americans "broke", or figured out, Japan's most important naval codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet(艦隊(duì)).

Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when they were added to the stock. Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.

In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer(占星家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher. He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes. Then he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.

What does the underlined word "trellis"mean?

A. A piece of paper with many small holes.          B. A machine with a lot of small holes.

C. A letter with unreadable words and sentences.   

D. A sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures.

Which of the following statements is true?

A. Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.

B. You could read some words in Geronimo' s letter without his trellis.

C. The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.

D. Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 16th century.

The best title of this passage is________.

A. Codes and Ciphers                  B. Differences between Codes and Ciphers

C. History of Codes and Ciphers         D. Inventors of Codes and Ciphers

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:101網(wǎng)校同步練習(xí) 高二英語(yǔ) 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社 題型:050

  If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it.Codes are one way of writing in secret.Ciphers(暗碼)are another.In a code each word is written as a secret code word or code number.In a cipher each letter is changed.

  Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world.Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2, 000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops.During the American Revolution, George Washington’s spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military(軍事的)action.In World War Ⅱ, the Americans“broke”, or figured out, Japan’s most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet.

  Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods.The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when they were added to the stock(商品).Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies.Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code.Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.

  In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists.They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets.Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer(星相家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher.He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one.Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself.Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes.Then he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense.When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.

(1)

The best title of this passage is ________.

[  ]

A.

Codes and Ciphers

B.

Differences between Codes and Ciphers

C.

History of Codes and Ciphers

D.

Inventors of Codes and Ciphers

(2)

Which of the following statements is true?

[  ]

A.

Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.

B.

You could read some words in Geronimo’s letter without his trellis.

C.

The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.

D.

Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 16th century.

(3)

According to Geronimo Gardano, a trellis is ________.

[  ]

A.

a piece of paper with many small holes

B.

a secret message with a lot of small holes

C.

a letter with unreadable words and sentences

D.

a sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures

(4)

It is NOT mentioned in the passage that codes and ciphers are used for the purpose of ________.

[  ]

A.

military affairs

B.

commercial secrets

C.

scientific achievements

D.

personal enjoyment

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:模擬題 題型:閱讀理解

閱讀理解。

     If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code (編碼), and no one else will be
able to read it.
     Codes are one way of writing in secret. Ciphers (暗碼) are another. In a code each word is written as a
secret code word or code number. In a cipher each letter is changed. Codes and ciphers have played an
important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries
in Europe about 2, 000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During the
American Revolution, George Washington's spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy
before his military (軍事的) action. In World War Ⅱ, the Americans "broke", or figured out, Japan's most
important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet( 艦隊(duì)).
     Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when
 they were added to the stock (商品). Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies.
Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers
simply as a hobby.
     In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each
other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer (星相家),
mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher. He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same
holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself.
Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret
message through the holes. Then he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would
make sense. When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.

1. The best title of this passage would be _______.
A. Codes and Ciphers
B. Differences between Codes and Ciphers
C. History of Codes and Ciphers
D. Inventors of Codes and Ciphers
2. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.
B. You could read some words in Geronimo's letter without his trellis.
C. The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.
D. Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 16th century.
3. According to Geronimo Cardano, a trellis is _______.
A. a piece of paper with many small holes
B. a secret message with a lot of small holes
C. a letter with unreadable words and sentences
D. a sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures
4. It is NOT mentioned in the passage that codes and ciphers are used for the purpose of _______.
A. military affairs           
B. commercial secrets
C. scientific achievements       
D. personal enjoyment

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:江蘇月考題 題型:閱讀理解

閱讀理解。

     If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code (編碼), and no one else will be
able to read it.
     Codes are one way of writing in secret. Ciphers (暗碼) are another. In a code each word is written as a
secret code word or code number. In a cipher each letter is changed. Codes and ciphers have played an
important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries
in Europe about 2, 000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During the
American Revolution, George Washington's spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy
before his military (軍事的) action. In World War Ⅱ, the Americans "broke", or figured out, Japan's most
important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet( 艦隊(duì)).
     Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when
 they were added to the stock (商品). Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies.
Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers
simply as a hobby.
     In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each
other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer (星相家),
mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher. He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same
holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself.
Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret
message through the holes. Then he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would
make sense. When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.

1. The best title of this passage is _______.
A. Codes and Ciphers
B. Differences between Codes and Ciphers
C. History of Codes and Ciphers
D. Inventors of Codes and Ciphers
2. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.
B. You could read some words in Geronimo' s letter without his trellis.
C. The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.
D. Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 16th century.
3. According to Geronimo Cardano, a trellis is _______.
A. a piece of paper with many small holes
B. a secret message with a lot of small holes
C. a letter with unreadable words and sentences
D. a sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures
4. It is NOT mentioned in the passage that codes and ciphers are used for the purpose of _______.
A. military affairs           
B. commercial secrets
C. scientific achievements       
D. personal enjoyment

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:浙江省溫州中學(xué)2011屆高三年級(jí)上學(xué)期10月月考英語(yǔ)試題 題型:050

閱讀理解

  If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it.Codes are one way of writing in secret.Ciphers(暗碼)are another.In a code, each word is written as a secret word or number.In a cipher each letter is changed.

  Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world.Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2,000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops.During the American Revolution, George Washington's spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military(軍事的)action.In World War II, the Americans“broke”, or“figured out”, Japan's most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet.

  Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods.The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when they were added to the stock(商品).Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies.Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code.Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.

  In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists.They wrote messages to each other in this way, so that no one else would learn their secrets.Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer(星相家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher.He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one.Then he sent one sheet, which he called“a trellis”, to a friend and kept the other for himself.Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes.Then he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense.When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.

(1)

The best title of this passage is ________.

[  ]

A.

Codes and Ciphers

B.

Differences between Codes and Ciphers

C.

History of Codes and Ciphers

D.

Inventors of Codes and Ciphers

(2)

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

[  ]

A.

Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.

B.

You could read some words in Geronimo's letter without his trellis.

C.

The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.

D.

Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 16th century.

(3)

According to Geronimo Cardano, a trellis is ________.

[  ]

A.

a piece of paper with many small holes

B.

a secret message with a lot of small holes

C.

a letter with unreadable words and sentences

D.

a sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures

(4)

It is NOT mentioned in the passage that codes and ciphers are used for the purpose of ________.

[  ]

A.

military affairs

B.

commercial secrets

C.

scientific achievements

D.

personal enjoyment

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解

江蘇省常州市橫山橋高級(jí)中學(xué)10-11學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中考試(英語(yǔ)
 

If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secrets. Ciphers (暗碼) are another. In the code each word is written as a secret code or word number. In a cipher each letter is changed.

Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During American Revolution, George Washington’s spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military (軍事的) action. In World War II , the American “broke”, or figured out, Japan’s most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet (艦隊(duì)).

Storekeepers used codes to mark their goods. The codes showed how much was paid for the goods or when they were added to the stock. Businessmen used codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries were written in code. Many people enjoyed figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.

In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer (星相家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher. He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis, over the other sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes. Then he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friends received it, He put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.

Codes and 71_______

 
 

72. ________ ways to send information

 
 

Different 73_______

 
 

l         The trellis cipher was the 79_____ of Gardano.

l         Some scientists used it to 80_____

secret information.

 

◆In 74______, codes were used to achieve business purposes.

◆Many people enjoyed figuring out codes as an 75________.

◆In the 76________, to make the military leaders 77______of the situation of the war, codes were also used to 78_______ the war.

 
 

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解

If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secret. Ciphers (暗碼) are another. In a code, each word is written as a secret code or code number. In a cipher each letter is changed.

    Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2,000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During the American Revolution, George Washington’s spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military(軍事的) action. In World War II, the Americans “broke”, or figured out, Japan’s most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet.

    Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when they were added to the stock(商品). Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.

    In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer(星相家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher. He took to sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes. Then he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friend received it he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.

1.The best title of this passage is                  .

       A.Codes and Ciphers                               B.Differences between Codes and Ciphers

       C.History of Codes and Ciphers                D.Inventors of Codes and Ciphers

2.Which of the following statements is true?

       A.Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.

       B.You could read some words in Geronimo’s letter without his trellis.

       C.The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.

       D.Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 16th century.

3.According to Geronimo Cardano, a trellis is                .

       A.a(chǎn) piece of paper with many small holes 

       B.a(chǎn) secret message with a lot of small holes

       C.a(chǎn) letter with unreadable words and sentences

       D.a(chǎn) sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures

4.It is NOT mentioned in the passage that codes and ciphers are used for the purpose of       .

       A.military affairs                                     B.commercial secrets

       C.scientific achievements                D.personal enjoyment

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:海淀區(qū)高三年級(jí)第二學(xué)期期中練習(xí)·英語(yǔ) 題型:050

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  If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secret. Ciphers (暗碼) are another. In a code each word is written as a secret code word or code number. In a cipher each letter is changed.

  Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2,000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During the American Revolution, George Washington's spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military (軍事的) action. In World War Ⅱ, the Americans “broke”, or figured out, Japan's most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet.

  Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when they were added to the stock (商品) . Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.

  In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer (星相家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher. He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes. Then he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.

1.The best title of this passage is ________.

[  ]

A.Codes and Ciphers

B.Differences between Codes and Ciphers

C.History of Codes and Ciphers

D.Inventors of Codes and Ciphers

2.Which of the following statements is true?

[  ]

A.Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.

B.You could read some words in Geronimo's letter without his trellis.

C.The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.

D.Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 16th century.

3.According to Geronimo Cardano, a trellis is ________.

[  ]

A.a(chǎn) piece of paper with many small holes

B.a(chǎn) secret message with a lot of small holes

C.a(chǎn) letter with unreadable words and sentences

D.a(chǎn) sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures

4.It is NOT mentioned in the passage that codes and ciphers are used for the purpose of ________.

[  ]

A.military affairs

B.commercial secrets

C.scientific achievements

D.personal enjoyment

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