2、Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in not more than 15 words for each question．?
① “Hello” is one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults．That’s unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying hello．It is recognition of another’s worth．How might the world change — how might we change — if we mastered this word? To find out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met． Here’s what I’ve learned．
② It can boost（促進(jìn)）productivity．In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning．This exchange of greetings raised the kids’ productivity．School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation （參與）and better grades．
③ Environments influence friendliness．One study found that people in the city were more likely to kiss one’s hands with a stranger than those in the countryside．And, researchers say, pleasant environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant one．My experience was similar．Whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural ones．Similarly, people in vacation spots, like the Jersey Shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying to work downtown．
④ It’s a form of universal health insurance．It’s impossible to say hello without smiling．And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and boost happiness．Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient （接受者）．
⑤ So maybe we can make the world a better place by saying hello to each other．After a month of doing it, I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of well-being．
1．In the first paragraph, what does the author mean by saying “it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults”?
2．The research shows that if the school teachers greet their students each morning individually, the students______________________．
3．Three effects of smiling on health are: （1） ___________ （2） _____________ （3） _____________
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
_________________________________________________________________
2、1．Adults are not willing to say hello．
Adults seldom/ rarely use （the word）/say “hello”．
Adults don’t /won’t say/ like to say/ use hello often．
Adults seldom/ rarely think of using/ think to use （the word） “hello”．
2．become more active in learning and score higher in tests．
Will be / become more active in class and get better grades/ marks．
raise their productivity．
3．① lowering blood pressure ② relieving stress ③ boosting happiness
① to lower blood pressure ② （to） relieve stress ③ （to） boost happiness
4．We can make the world a better place by saying hello to each other/greeting to people．
The（magic power of “hello”
The powerful effects of saying “hello”
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in not more than 15 words for each question．?
① “Hello” is one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults．That’s unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying hello．It is recognition of another’s worth．How might the world change — how might we change — if we mastered this word? To find out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met． Here’s what I’ve learned．
② It can boost（促進(jìn)）productivity．In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning．This exchange of greetings raised the kids’ productivity．School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation （參與）and better grades．
③ Environments influence friendliness．One study found that people in the city were more likely to kiss one’s hands with a stranger than those in the countryside．And, researchers say, pleasant environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant one．My experience was similar．Whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural ones．Similarly, people in vacation spots, like the Jersey Shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying to work downtown．
④ It’s a form of universal health insurance．It’s impossible to say hello without smiling．And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and boost happiness．Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient （接受者）．
⑤ So maybe we can make the world a better place by saying hello to each other．After a month of doing it, I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of well-being．
1．In the first paragraph, what does the author mean by saying “it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults”?
2．The research shows that if the school teachers greet their students each morning individually, the students______________________．
3．Three effects of smiling on health are: （1） ___________ （2） _____________ （3） _____________
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
_________________________________________________________________
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest words．
（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.）
From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons（標(biāo)志）of past eras．But it has also modernized with confidence．It’s now better known for vibrant（充滿活力的）cities with great nightlife and attraction．Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping — the UK is among the world’s best.
Most people have strong preconceptions about the British．But if you’re one of these people, you’d be wise to abandon those ideas．Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable．It’s certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK.
Getting around England is pretty easy．Budget airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically．Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another．Long distance express buses are called coaches．Where coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive （though quicker） than buses．London’s famous black cabs are excellent but expensive．Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance （個(gè)體的） drivers．But usually you need to give a call first．London’s underground is called the Tube．It’s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.
The UK is not famous for its food．But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods．The most famous must be fish and chips．The fish and chips are deep fried in flour．English breakfast is something you need to try．It is fried bacon, with toast and a pot of tea．Other things like shepherd’s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.
Pubbing and Clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young．Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting．Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a place of music, or a bar, or any other place to gather with friends．Clubbing can be found everywhere．Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, while pubbing is much more casual.
1．If you are involved in the real life of local residents, you may find them ___________.
2．How many kinds of transportation forms are mentioned in the third paragraph? Give examples （at least four）.
_____________________________________________________________.
3．When you go clubbing in the UK, you should not ______________________________．
4．What aspects are introduced about UK according to the passage?
_____________________________________________________________．
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．
Phys ed （physical education） is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum（核心課程），but with a difference．While group sports are still part of the curriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class．Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance．In this way，kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life．
Considering that 15 percent of American children 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum．In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often "put P．E．on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered," says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids．The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard．"Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum," she added．
The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support．Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be．They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports．The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench．
Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a tiny percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school．The new method teaches sells that translate to adulthood．
（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）
1．In the new P．E．program, children learn to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance rather than______________.
2．As for P．E．, some school boards either______________
3．What are the two problems with simply teaching group sports?
4．What is the long-term benefit of the new P．E program?
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：上海市長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)2012屆高三上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量抽測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題 題型：051
Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the no more than 10 words．
Squeezed into a small space with two other friends, I had a sense of pride to be able to be the mission commander of this space flight．I looked at my friends on each side and gave them a thumps-up we set out minds to bring our spacecraft to Mars．
Our objective was very important．It has been years since scientists began arguing about the possibility of existence of life on Mars．Many arguments arose, saying that the pictures of Mars, taken by various space explorations, had given them sufficient proof that only intelligent being could have made those structures．Others maintained that what looked like a face in the pictures was nothing more than a flash of lights and so the arguments continue without conclusion．
To prove this once and for all, an decision was made to launch an expedition(探險(xiǎn))into space．The truth about the possibility of life on Mars was about to be confirmed beyond any further doubt．Although no reports of an alien race was recorded, I could not help thinking about my reactions when I came to face to face with one of their kind．How would I greet them? What would I say? Would they be willing to understand the human race? I did not take to the thought of landing up on their lab tables, being the object of tests and explorations．How frightening a prospect!
My crew and I were the best among our group of trainees．We practiced hard together, training hand in hand, filled with a single aim, which is to fly safely to Mars and back．This feeling was tense and everyone was highly excited, as the day drew nearer．We were anxious to see what Mars was like but the uncertainty held us with fear．The training increased in intensity(強(qiáng)度)as everyone raced against time and practiced as much as possible．
The moment came and by in a flash．The countdown proceeded, the life-off was tense and soon we were deep in space, floating about freely and went about preparing the spaceship for the intended landing．Since the trip was scheduled to take about three years to arrive at Mars, we slept in a special room to prevent us from aging．So I drifted off to sleep peacefully and suddenly I felt some woke me up．We must have arrived at Mars and my crew was trying to wake me up．
I opened my eyes slowly and saw a familiar face．“Why would my English teacher wake me up?” I thought．Oh, no．Instead of medals and praise that I Should receive, all I had was a severe warning against sleeping in class and spent the rest of the lesson standing in a corner．
(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than 10 Words．)
1．The author giving a thumbs-up showed that ________．
2．The objective of his mission was to ________．
3．What would be done to end the argument over the possibility of life on Mars?
4．How did they get ready for the coming mission?
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：上海市崇明中學(xué)2012屆高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題 題型：051
Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．
Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends? Do you frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages? Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone? Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs hurt from texting too much?
If _______, it is very possible that you are a textaholic．A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages．The main symptoms are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence(優(yōu)先)over everything else．And bad moods, low spirits and a lack of self-confidence will be caused if messages fail to come in．The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems．Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young．
So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? The key is to get your life back in balance．Make sure your resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out．Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text in messages．Not only will you save time add money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication．
(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS．)
1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text?
2．Fill in the blank in Paragraph2 with proper words．
If ________, it is very possible that you are a textaholic．
3．What emotional difficulties may be the causes of text addiction?
4．What is the main idea of Paragraph3?
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2010年全國(guó)普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試、英語(yǔ)(上海卷) 題型：051
Directions：Read the passage carefully
．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．Phys ed(physical education)is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum(核心課程), but with a difference．While group sports are still part of the curriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class．Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance．In this way，kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life．
Considering that 15 percent of American children 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum．In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often "put P．E．on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered," says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids．The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard．"Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum," she added．
The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support．Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be．They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports．The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench．
Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a tiny percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school．The new method teaches sells that translate to adulthood．
(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．)
1．In the new P．E．program, children learn to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance rather than ________．
2．As for P．E．some school boards either _______．
3．What are the two problems with simply teaching group sports?
__________________
4．What is the long-term benefit of the new P．E program?
__________________
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：上海市嘉定區(qū)2011屆高三一模英語(yǔ)試題 題型：051
Directions：Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．
Meeting people from another culture can be difficult．From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal．Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship．
Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree．For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust．Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in“small talk”, usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job．In many European countries－like the UK or France－people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office．
Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures．I once made a speech in Thailand．I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence．The people present just stared at me and smiled．After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much．In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary．
Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems．Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly．We think that they are rude．In fact, this is just because their culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly．
People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other．However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other．
(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．)
1．What is a good way to develop better working relationship in France?
________________．
2．The author mentioned his experience in Thailand to show ________．
3．According to the passage, people from different cultures can understand each other better ________．
4．What is the passage mainly about?
________________．
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2011年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題上海卷 題型：051
Directions：
Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members．Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible．So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication．
One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group．By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up．However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization．Something else is needed：the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships．To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way．Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works．
The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station．Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station．The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation．Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying．
It was some time before they work out what the problem was．It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building, they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it．And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization．What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged．
(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS．)
1．What size of an organization may lead to communication failures?
2．What are the two solutions to the communication problem within a large organization?
3．After the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation _________．
4．From the case of the TV station, we can conclude it is _________ that make(s)an organization more successful．
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：上海市崇明中學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題 題型：051
Directions：Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．
Life is a learning process, which involves happiness and sorrow, failure and success, hope and despair．Experiences in life teach us new lessons and make us a better person．With each passing day we learn to handle various situations．
Materialistic happiness is short-lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others' face gives a certain level of fulfillment．Peace of mind is the main link to happiness．No mind is happy without peace．We realize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow．Sorrow is basically due to death of a loved one, failure and despair but these things are temporary and pass away．
Failure is the path to success．It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way．Success brings in money, fame, pride and self-respect．Here it becomes very important to keep our head on our shoulder．The only way to show our gratitude to enjoying success is by being humble, modest, courteous and respectful to the less fortunate ones．
Hope is what keeps life going．Parents always hope their children will do well．Hope makes us dream．Hope builds in patience．Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour, because after every night there comes the morning．Nothing remains the same．We have only one choice：keep moving on in life and be hopeful．
Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control．Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dull．So the only alternative is：work hard today, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow．
(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 15 WORDS．)
1．Why is life a learning process?
2．In paragraph 2, “by bringing a smile on others' face” means ________．
3．According to the passage the only way to express our graduate to enjoying success is by ________
4．Why is “working hard today” the only alternative according to the text?
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試上海卷英語(yǔ) 題型：051
Directions： Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．
A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time．The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise．
They found that almost all of the categories(類別)showed a drop in these “mood words” over time．Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage．
“It is a steady and continuous decrease, ” said Dr Alberto Acerbi．He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape．“One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media．Maybe these media-movies, radio, drama-had more emotional content than books．”
Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio(比率)between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events．
During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash．But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War．Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends．In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true．
“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression(壓抑)of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’… perhaps, ” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body．”
(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．)
1．A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except
________________．
2．According to Dr Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that
________________．
3．What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?
________________．
4．While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they were not sure that ________．
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