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Is a mouse that can speak acceptable? How about a dog with human hands or feet? Scientists, the people with the know-how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morally right or not.

    On Nov. 10, Britain’s Academy of Medical Sciences launched a study on the use of animals with human materials in scientific research. The work is expected to take at least a year, but its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in Britain and around the world on how far they can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human diseases.

“Do these constructs (構(gòu)想) challenge our idea of what it is to be human?” asked Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at Cambridge University and chair of a 14-member group looking into the issue. “It is important that we consider these questions now so that appropriate boundaries are recognized.”     

Using human material in animals is not new. Scientists have already created monkeys that have a human form of the Huntingdon’s gene so they can study how the disease develops; and mice with livers (肝) made from human cells are being used to study the effects of new drugs.

However, scientists say the technology to put ever greater amounts of human genetic material into animals is spreading quickly around the world --- raising the possibility that some scientists in some places may want to go further than is morally acceptable.

     Last year in Britain there was a lively debate over new laws allowing the creation of human-animal embryos (胚胎) for experiments. On one side of the debate were religious groups, who claimed that such science interferes with nature. Opposing them were scientists who pointed out that such experiments were vital to research cures for diseases.

The experts will publish reports after the end of the study, in which they will give definitions (定義) for animal embryos with human genes or cells, look at safety and animal welfare issues, and consider the right legal framework to work within. 

72. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

   A. Scientists in Britain and around the world.                 

B. Leaders of the research.

   C. Guidelines for scientists.                         

D. Scientific experiments.

73. Scientists do research of mixing human genes into animals in order to ____.

   A. test new drugs on animals

   B. to find ways to fight human diseases

   C. prove the research is morally acceptable

   D. create monkeys and mice with livers made from human cells

74. We can infer from the passage that ____.

   A. the experts will release reports after the study

   B. scientists have never doubted the use of animals with human materials

   C. the creation of human-animal embryos for experiments is legal in Britain

   D. religious groups hold that cures for diseases have to be done through experiments

75. What would be the best title of the passage?

A. Morally right or not? B. A debate about new laws

C. Cures for diseases                      D. Animal embryos with human genes

Is a mouse that can speak acceptable? How about a dog with human hands or feet? Scientists, the people with the know-how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morally right or not.

    On Nov. 10, Britain’s Academy of Medical Sciences launched a study on the use of animals with human materials in scientific research. The work is expected to take at least a year, but its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in Britain and around the world on how far they can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human diseases.

“Do these constructs (構(gòu)想) challenge our idea of what it is to be human?” asked Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at Cambridge University and chair of a 14-member group looking into the issue. “It is important that we consider these questions now so that appropriate boundaries are recognized.”     

Using human material in animals is not new. Scientists have already created monkeys that have a human form of the Huntingdon’s gene so they can study how the disease develops; and mice with livers (肝) made from human cells are being used to study the effects of new drugs.

However, scientists say the technology to put ever greater amounts of human genetic material into animals is spreading quickly around the world --- raising the possibility that some scientists in some places may want to go further than is morally acceptable.

     Last year in Britain there was a lively debate over new laws allowing the creation of human-animal embryos (胚胎) for experiments. On one side of the debate were religious groups, who claimed that such science interferes with nature. Opposing them were scientists who pointed out that such experiments were vital to research cures for diseases.

The experts will publish reports after the end of the study, in which they will give definitions for animal embryos with human genes or cells, look at safety and animal welfare issues, and consider the right legal framework to work within. 

72. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

   A. Scientists in Britain and around the world.                 

B. Leaders of the research.

   C. Guidelines for scientists.                          

D. Scientific experiments.

73. Scientists do research of mixing human genes into animals in order to ____.

   A. test new drugs on animals

   B. to find ways to fight human diseases

   C. prove the research is morally acceptable

   D. create monkeys and mice with livers made from human cells

74. We can infer from the passage that ____.

   A. the experts will release reports after the study

   B. scientists have never doubted the use of animals with human materials

   C. the creation of human-animal embryos for experiments is legal in Britain

   D. religious groups hold that cures for diseases have to be done through experiments

75. What would be the best title of the passage?

A. Morally right or not?                   B. A debate about new laws

C. Cures for diseases                      D. Animal embryos with human genes

Is a mouse that can speak acceptable? How about a dog with human hands or feet? Scientists, the people with the know-how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morally right or not.

    On Nov．10, Britain’s Academy of Medical Sciences launched a study on the use of animals with human materials in scientific research．The work is expected to take at least a year, but its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in Britain and around the world on how far they can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human diseases.

“Do these constructs （構(gòu)想） challenge our idea of what it is to be human?” asked Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at Cambridge University and chair of a 14-member group looking into the issue．“It is important that we consider these questions now so that appropriate boundaries are recognized.”

Using human material in animals is not new．Scientists have already created monkeys that have a human form of the Huntingdon’s gene so they can study how the disease develops; and mice with livers （肝） made from human cells are being used to study the effects of new drugs.

However, scientists say the technology to put ever greater amounts of human genetic material into animals is spreading quickly around the world --- raising the possibility that some scientists in some places may want to go further than is morally acceptable.

     Last year in Britain there was a lively debate over new laws allowing the creation of human-animal embryos （胚胎） for experiments．On one side of the debate were religious groups, who claimed that such science interferes with nature．Opposing them were scientists who pointed out that such experiments were vital to research cures for diseases．

The experts will publish reports after the end of the study, in which they will give definitions （定義） for animal embryos with human genes or cells, look at safety and animal welfare issues, and consider the right legal framework to work within．

1．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

     A．Scientists in Britain and around the world.

  B．Leaders of the research.

     C．Guidelines for scientists．

  D．Scientific experiments.

2．Scientists do research of mixing human genes into animals in order to ____.

     A．test new drugs on animals

     B．to find ways to fight human diseases

     C．prove the research is morally acceptable

     D．create monkeys and mice with livers made from human cells

3．We can infer from the passage that ____.

     A．the experts will release reports after the study

     B．scientists have never doubted the use of animals with human materials

     C．the creation of human-animal embryos for experiments is legal in Britain

     D．religious groups hold that cures for diseases have to be done through experiments

4．What would be the best title of the passage?

  A．Morally right or not?                           B．A debate about new laws

  C．Cures for diseases                         D．Animal embryos with human genes

Is a mouse that can speak acceptable? How about a dog with human hands or feet? Scientists, the people with the know-how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morally right or not.

    On Nov. 10, Britain’s Academy of Medical Sciences launched a study on the use of animals with human materials in scientific research. The work is expected to take at least a year, but its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in Britain and around the world on how far they can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human diseases.

“Do these constructs (構(gòu)想) challenge our idea of what it is to be human?” asked Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at Cambridge University and chair of a 14-member group looking into the issue. “It is important that we consider these questions now so that appropriate boundaries are recognized.”     

Using human material in animals is not new. Scientists have already created monkeys that have a human form of the Huntingdon’s gene so they can study how the disease develops; and mice with livers (肝) made from human cells are being used to study the effects of new drugs.

However, scientists say the technology to put ever greater amounts of human genetic material into animals is spreading quickly around the world --- raising the possibility that some scientists in some places may want to go further than is morally acceptable.

     Last year in Britain there was a lively debate over new laws allowing the creation of human-animal embryos (胚胎) for experiments. On one side of the debate were religious groups, who claimed that such science interferes with nature. Opposing them were scientists who pointed out that such experiments were vital to research cures for diseases.

The experts will publish reports after the end of the study, in which they will give definitions (定義) for animal embryos with human genes or cells, look at safety and animal welfare issues, and consider the right legal framework to work within. 

72. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

   A. Scientists in Britain and around the world.           

B. Leaders of the research.

   C. Guidelines for scientists.                         

D. Scientific experiments.

73. Scientists do research of mixing human genes into animals in order to ____.

   A. test new drugs on animals

   B. to find ways to fight human diseases

   C. prove the research is morally acceptable

   D. create monkeys and mice with livers made from human cells

74. We can infer from the passage that ____.

   A. the experts will release reports after the study

   B. scientists have never doubted the use of animals with human materials

   C. the creation of human-animal embryos for experiments is legal in Britain

   D. religious groups hold that cures for diseases have to be done through experiments

75. What would be the best title of the passage?

A. Morally right or not?                                   B. A debate about new laws

C. Cures for diseases                      D. Animal embryos with human genes

Is a mouse that can speak acceptable? How about a dog with human hands or feet? Scientists, the people who know how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morally right or not.

　 On Nov. 10, Britain’s Academy of Medical Sciences launched a study on the use of animals with human materials in scientific research. The work is expected to take at least a year, but its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in Britain and around the world on how far they can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human diseases.

“Do these constructs (構(gòu)想) challenge our idea of what it is to be human?” asked Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at Cambridge University and chair of a 14-member group looking into the issue. “It is important that we consider these questions now so that appropriate boundaries are recognized.”　　

Using human material in animals is not new. Scientists have already created monkeys that have a human form of the Huntingdon’s gene so they can study how the disease develops; and mice with livers (肝) made from human cells are being used to study the effects of new drugs.

However, scientists say the technology to put ever greater amounts of human genetic material into animals is spreading quickly around the world --- raising the possibility that some scientists in some places may want to go further than is morally acceptable.

　　 Last year in Britain there was a lively debate over new laws allowing the creation of human-animal embryos (胚胎) for experiments. On one side of the debate were religious groups, who claimed that such science interferes with nature. Opposing them were scientists who pointed out that such experiments were vital to research cures for diseases.

The experts will publish reports after the end of the study, in which they will give definitions (定義) for animal embryos with human genes or cells, look at safety and animal welfare issues, and consider the right legal framework to work within.

72. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

　 A. Scientists in Britain and around the world. 　　　　　

B. Leaders of the research.

　 C. Guidelines for scientists.　　　　　　　　　　　　

D. Scientific experiments.

73. Scientists do research of mixing human genes into animals in order to ____.

　 A. test new drugs on animals

　 B. to find ways to fight human diseases

　 C. prove the research is morally acceptable

　 D. create monkeys and mice with livers made from human cells

74. We can infer from the passage that ____.

　 A. the experts will release reports after the study

　 B. scientists have never doubted the use of animals with human materials

　 C. the creation of human-animal embryos for experiments is legal in Britain

　 D. religious groups hold that cures for diseases have to be done through experiments

75. What would be the best title of the passage?

A. Morally right or not?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. A debate about new laws

C. Cures for diseases　　　　　　　　　　 D. Animal embryos with human genes

 

Ⅲ  閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)

第一節(jié)  閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

Is a mouse that can speak acceptable? How about a dog with human hands or feet? Scientists, the people with the know-how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morally right or not.

    On Nov. 10, Britain’s Academy of Medical Sciences launched a study on the use of animals with human materials in scientific research. The work is expected to take at least a year, but its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in Britain and around the world on how far they can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human diseases.

“Do these constructs (構(gòu)想) challenge our idea of what it is to be human?” asked Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at Cambridge University and chair of a 14-member group looking into the issue. “It is important that we consider these questions now so that appropriate boundaries are recognized.”     

Using human material in animals is not new. Scientists have already created monkeys that have a human form of the Huntingdon’s gene so they can study how the disease develops; and mice with livers (肝) made from human cells are being used to study the effects of new drugs.

However, scientists say the technology to put ever greater amounts of human genetic material into animals is spreading quickly around the world --- raising the possibility that some scientists in some places may want to go further than is morally acceptable.

     Last year in Britain there was a lively debate over new laws allowing the creation of human-animal embryos (胚胎) for experiments. On one side of the debate were religious groups, who claimed that such science interferes with nature. Opposing them were scientists who pointed out that such experiments were vital to research cures for diseases.

The experts will publish reports after the end of the study, in which they will give definitions (定義) for animal embryos with human genes or cells, look at safety and animal welfare issues, and consider the right legal framework to work within. 

1. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

   A. Scientists in Britain and around the world.              B. Leaders of the research.

   C. Guidelines for scientists.                          D. Scientific experiments.

2. Scientists do research of mixing human genes into animals in order to ____.

   A. test new drugs on animals    B. to find ways to fight human diseases

   C. prove the research is morally acceptable

   D. create monkeys and mice with livers made from human cells

3. We can infer from the passage that ____.

   A. the experts will release reports after the study

   B. scientists have never doubted the use of animals with human materials

   C. the creation of human-animal embryos for experiments is legal in Britain

   D. religious groups hold that cures for diseases have to be done through experiments

4. What would be the best title of the passage?

A. Morally right or not?                   B. A debate about new laws

C. Cures for diseases                      D. Animal embryos with human genes

5. Where is the passage from?

  A. A science textbook                     B. A science booklet  

C. the science column of a newspaper       D. A science magazine for teenagers

 

Ⅲ  閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)

第一節(jié)  閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

Is a mouse that can speak acceptable? How about a dog with human hands or feet? Scientists, the people with the know-how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morally right or not.

    On Nov. 10, Britain’s Academy of Medical Sciences launched a study on the use of animals with human materials in scientific research. The work is expected to take at least a year, but its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in Britain and around the world on how far they can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human diseases.

“Do these constructs (構(gòu)想) challenge our idea of what it is to be human?” asked Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at Cambridge University and chair of a 14-member group looking into the issue. “It is important that we consider these questions now so that appropriate boundaries are recognized.”     

Using human material in animals is not new. Scientists have already created monkeys that have a human form of the Huntingdon’s gene so they can study how the disease develops; and mice with livers (肝) made from human cells are being used to study the effects of new drugs.

However, scientists say the technology to put ever greater amounts of human genetic material into animals is spreading quickly around the world --- raising the possibility that some scientists in some places may want to go further than is morally acceptable.

     Last year in Britain there was a lively debate over new laws allowing the creation of human-animal embryos (胚胎) for experiments. On one side of the debate were religious groups, who claimed that such science interferes with nature. Opposing them were scientists who pointed out that such experiments were vital to research cures for diseases.

The experts will publish reports after the end of the study, in which they will give definitions (定義) for animal embryos with human genes or cells, look at safety and animal welfare issues, and consider the right legal framework to work within. 

1. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

   A. Scientists in Britain and around the world.                  B. Leaders of the research.

   C. Guidelines for scientists.                          D. Scientific experiments.

2. Scientists do research of mixing human genes into animals in order to ____.

   A. test new drugs on animals    B. to find ways to fight human diseases

   C. prove the research is morally acceptable

   D. create monkeys and mice with livers made from human cells

3. We can infer from the passage that ____.

   A. the experts will release reports after the study

   B. scientists have never doubted the use of animals with human materials

   C. the creation of human-animal embryos for experiments is legal in Britain

   D. religious groups hold that cures for diseases have to be done through experiments

4. What would be the best title of the passage?

A. Morally right or not?                   B. A debate about new laws

C. Cures for diseases                      D. Animal embryos with human genes

5. Where is the passage from?

  A. A science textbook                     B. A science booklet  

C. the science column of a newspaper       D. A science magazine for teenagers