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Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable question from A-F for each answer. There is one extra question which you do not need.

	A. Criteria of the ranking B. Africa countries ranking low C. Research on girls’ education in developing countries D. Northern European countries at the top AB. High rate of early death of children AC. Hope and improvement in sight

 

                 

80.

A yearly list of the best and worst places to be a mother and child rates the United States 11th, behind Britain. Scandinavian countries are at the top. Sweden is number one. Denmark is second. Finland is third. Save the Children, an American-based humanitarian organization, compared conditions in 110 countries. The report came out last week.

81.

At the bottom of the list, Mali and Burkina Faso share last place. Just above them are Ethiopia, Chad, Yemen, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Mauritania. Gambia and Eritrea are also in the bottom ten, along with two Asian countries: Nepal and Cambodia. Cambodia is tied with Eritrea in 100th place.

82.

Save the Children based its report on six conditions related to the health and security of women. These include the risk of early death, and the rate of use of modern birth-control methods. Another measure was the percentage of births with the aid of trained medical workers. Still another was the percentage of pregnant women with a shortage of iron in the blood. The study also examined reading levels among women and the involvement of women in national government. There are some conditions related to the education of both women and children.

83.

Save the Children has published a report on the "State of the World's Mothers" for six years now. This year the group included a progress report on education for girls. Researchers examined progress made over the past ten years in 71 developing countries. The report says Bolivia, Kenya, Cameroon and Bangladesh have made the most progress in girls' education. Listed at the bottom are Rwanda, Iraq, Malawi and Eritrea. Worldwide, the report says, 58 million girls are out of school.

84.

Charles MacCormack is head of Save the Children. He says many children in the world are lucky just to survive the first five years of life. But Mr MacCormack calls the situation far from hopeless. He notes that world leaders have agreed on eight goals to reduce poverty, save lives and increase security by 2015.

   

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph．There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A．Causes of overusing fluoride	B．Negative effects of fluoride
C．Safe use of fluoride	D．The expert’s background information
E．No need to worry about fluoride poisoning
F．Solutions to improper use of fluoride

I have heard that fluoride can help stop dental decay, but I recently read that it is poisonous．Which of these is true? How can children use fluoride safely?

This question is answered by Dr Marcia M．Rich who practises general dentistry in Newholt．She is also a lecturer at the University and a writer for the monthly magazine Your Dentist Cares．

My answer to the first question is to stress that fluoride works well and is safe when users follow instructions．Young children have a tendency to swallow toothpaste, which is why they should only have a tiny amount of fluoride toothpaste on their toothbrush．If this simple measure is taken, parents can be confident that children will be protected against tooth decay, and come to no harm.

Almost all medicines have an adverse effect－or even be deadly－if they are not taken as directed．So you are right－fluoride can be poisonous if it is swallowed in very large quantities．It is for the reason that fluoride supplements can only be obtained on prescription from the doctor or dentist．Please be assured that fluoride overdoses are rare－in fact, I have never heard of any fatal incidents related to fluoride poisoning.

Scientific studies have shown that fluoride can help to prevent cavities as long as it is used correctly．If fluoride is abused, there is a risk of illness or even deaths in extreme cases．If a deadly amount of fluoride is taken, immediate first-aid could save a life．A person who has swallowed a large amount of fluoride will probably start vomiting．If not, the patient should be given milk or antacid and taken to the nearest hospital for emergency treatment.

Taking too much fluoride while teeth are growing can lead to a condition called dental fluorosis．The most likely cause is the swallowing of fluoride toothpastes by young children．It can also be caused by inappropriate use of fluoride drop or other fluoride supplements, for example when fluoride is already is already present in drinking water．  

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph．There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A．Causes of overusing fluoride	B．Negative effects of fluoride
C．Safe use of fluoride	D．The expert’s background information
E．No need to worry about fluoride poisoning
F．Solutions to improper use of fluoride

I have heard that fluoride can help stop dental decay, but I recently read that it is poisonous．Which of these is true? How can children use fluoride safely?

【小題1】

This question is answered by Dr Marcia M．Rich who practises general dentistry in Newholt．She is also a lecturer at the University and a writer for the monthly magazine Your Dentist Cares．

【小題2】

My answer to the first question is to stress that fluoride works well and is safe when users follow instructions．Young children have a tendency to swallow toothpaste, which is why they should only have a tiny amount of fluoride toothpaste on their toothbrush．If this simple measure is taken, parents can be confident that children will be protected against tooth decay, and come to no harm.

【小題3】

Almost all medicines have an adverse effect－or even be deadly－if they are not taken as directed．So you are right－fluoride can be poisonous if it is swallowed in very large quantities．It is for the reason that fluoride supplements can only be obtained on prescription from the doctor or dentist．Please be assured that fluoride overdoses are rare－in fact, I have never heard of any fatal incidents related to fluoride poisoning.

【小題4】

Scientific studies have shown that fluoride can help to prevent cavities as long as it is used correctly．If fluoride is abused, there is a risk of illness or even deaths in extreme cases．If a deadly amount of fluoride is taken, immediate first-aid could save a life．A person who has swallowed a large amount of fluoride will probably start vomiting．If not, the patient should be given milk or antacid and taken to the nearest hospital for emergency treatment.

【小題5】

Taking too much fluoride while teeth are growing can lead to a condition called dental fluorosis．The most likely cause is the swallowing of fluoride toothpastes by young children．It can also be caused by inappropriate use of fluoride drop or other fluoride supplements, for example when fluoride is already is already present in drinking water．  

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph．There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A．Causes of overusing fluoride	B．Negative effects of fluoride
C．Safe use of fluoride	D．The expert’s background information
E．No need to worry about fluoride poisoning
F．Solutions to improper use of fluoride

I have heard that fluoride can help stop dental decay, but I recently read that it is poisonous．Which of these is true? How can children use fluoride safely?

1.

This question is answered by Dr Marcia M．Rich who practises general dentistry in Newholt．She is also a lecturer at the University and a writer for the monthly magazine Your Dentist Cares．

2.

My answer to the first question is to stress that fluoride works well and is safe when users follow instructions．Young children have a tendency to swallow toothpaste, which is why they should only have a tiny amount of fluoride toothpaste on their toothbrush．If this simple measure is taken, parents can be confident that children will be protected against tooth decay, and come to no harm.

3.

Almost all medicines have an adverse effect－or even be deadly－if they are not taken as directed．So you are right－fluoride can be poisonous if it is swallowed in very large quantities．It is for the reason that fluoride supplements can only be obtained on prescription from the doctor or dentist．Please be assured that fluoride overdoses are rare－in fact, I have never heard of any fatal incidents related to fluoride poisoning.

4.

Scientific studies have shown that fluoride can help to prevent cavities as long as it is used correctly．If fluoride is abused, there is a risk of illness or even deaths in extreme cases．If a deadly amount of fluoride is taken, immediate first-aid could save a life．A person who has swallowed a large amount of fluoride will probably start vomiting．If not, the patient should be given milk or antacid and taken to the nearest hospital for emergency treatment.

5.

Taking too much fluoride while teeth are growing can lead to a condition called dental fluorosis．The most likely cause is the swallowing of fluoride toothpastes by young children．It can also be caused by inappropriate use of fluoride drop or other fluoride supplements, for example when fluoride is already is already present in drinking water．  

 

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

 

A. Leave others a deep impression B. Be a pleasant listener C. Pay attention to your wearing D. Get enough background information E. Make full self-preparation F. Apply appropriate postures

 

Interviewing is a skill that can be learned and the key lies in the “three-Ps” of planning, practice and preparation. Here are some tips on making a successful interview.

.

Prepare as well as you possibly can, search the web and research the background of the company and the people who you think are going to be interviewing you. Learn exactly what it is they do and exactly how you would fit in with the company. Most importantly try to understand the “culture” of the company. You need to communicate in a way that mirrors their company standards; this will show you can fit in that organization. Understand a little of what their competitors are doing. This will show you’ve bothered to find out where their position in the market is.

2.

Just as important is your own personal preparation. Think about the key things you want to communicate and why you would be ideal for the job. Think about you can sound enthusiastic, without sounding desperate; how you can sell yourself. If they ask you a question, such as “tell me about your CV”, and you can’t do it fluently, you will find the interviewers will lose interest and you won’t get the job.

3.

During the interview, be a very good listener and if you can find some common ground with your interviewers, you will have a big advantage over your competitors. The interview is basically an interaction between two people, so how you come across as a person is of upmost importance. As soon as you enter the company building, make sure everyone you meet is left with the impression that you are a pleasant person. Sometimes an interview question might seem very simple but, don’t be deceived, there is always a reason for them asking that question.

4.

Generally wear a suit and tie, but it does depend on the job you are going for. You should have discovered, when you studied the company culture, what is expected. For media companies, for example, being smart but casual might be the style they want. They are looking for someone who is comfortable with himself or herself. In this case you should dress for who you are.

5.

It is natural if you are nervous, in fact it is a good sign; it shows you are taking the interview seriously. However try to avoid nervous mannerisms, such as tapping your foot or playing with your hair. Positive body language is important, so adopt a good posture. If you slouch in your chair the interviewer will think you could be sloppy in your work as well. Positivity is essential in all aspects of your interview.

 

 

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A – F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A．Human efforts to prevent disastrous collisions B．Recent alarms of asteroid(小行星) strikes． C．Asteroids’ movement around the sun． D．Asteroid strikes against Earth． E．Past disastrous asteroid strikes． F．The cause of asteroid strikes．

76._________________

Astronomers estimate that there are about l,100 asteroids--or space rocks--with the potential to cause a planet-wide disaster in a collision with Earth．And since large asteroids have collided with Earth many times in the past，scientists say it is certain that Earth will be hit again．It is only a question of when． 

77. _________________

The asteroid that ended the age of the dinosaurs hit the Earth 65 million years ago．It was at least six miles(10 kilometers)wide．But smaller asteroids can also devastate （毀壞）the earth．Scientists estimate that a collision with an asteroid even one—tenth this size would kill at least 25 per cent of Earth’s population．Less than a hundred years ago，for example，an asteroid only 330 feet(100 meters)wide exploded in Siberia．It completely destroyed half a million acres of forest．

78．_________________

Asteroids come from a belt of tens of thousands of space rocks in orbit around the sun．They normally travel between Mars and Jupiter，but some smaller rocks are affected by the gravitational pull of Mars，Jupiter or Saturn and their orbits are stretched．Sometimes this change puts them on a path that crosses Earth’s orbit．This sets up the possibility of collision with Earth．

79．_________________

In l986，a potentially dangerous asteroid missed Earth by only six hours．Scientists only found out about the danger after it had passed．Many more asteroids have collided with Earth over the years．We can still see their marks today — large craters in the ground．

80．_________________

NOW there is a new--found seriousness about asteroid strikes．Astronomers are engaged in a painstaking search for all asteroids that threaten Earth．And the United States has a project called NEAR that involves orbiting and studying the asteroid Eros，the second largest asteroid near Earth．Studying the composition of the asteroid provides important information hat may allow an asteroid to be exploded or knocked of course to prevent it from colliding with Earth．

 

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A – F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A．Human efforts to prevent disastrous collisions B．Recent alarms of asteroid(小行星) strikes． C．Asteroids’ movement around the sun． D．Asteroid strikes against Earth． E．Past disastrous asteroid strikes． F．The cause of asteroid strikes．

76._________________

       Astronomers estimate that there are about l,100 asteroids--or space rocks--with the potential to cause a planet-wide disaster in a collision with Earth．And since large asteroids have collided with Earth many times in the past，scientists say it is certain that Earth will be hit again．It is only a question of when． 

77. _________________

       The asteroid that ended the age of the dinosaurs hit the Earth 65 million years ago．It was at least six miles(10 kilometers)wide．But smaller asteroids can also devastate （毀壞）the earth．Scientists estimate that a collision with an asteroid even one—tenth this size would kill at least 25 per cent of Earth’s population．Less than a hundred years ago，for example，an asteroid only 330 feet(100 meters)wide exploded in Siberia．It completely destroyed half a million acres of forest．

78．_________________

    Asteroids come from a belt of tens of thousands of space rocks in orbit around the sun．They normally travel between Mars and Jupiter，but some smaller rocks are affected by the gravitational pull of Mars，Jupiter or Saturn and their orbits are stretched．Sometimes this change puts them on a path that crosses Earth’s orbit．This sets up the possibility of collision with Earth．

79．_________________

    In l986，a potentially dangerous asteroid missed Earth by only six hours．Scientists only found out about the danger after it had passed．Many more asteroids have collided with Earth over the years．We can still see their marks today — large craters in the ground．

80．_________________

    NOW there is a new--found seriousness about asteroid strikes．Astronomers are engaged in a painstaking search for all asteroids that threaten Earth．And the United States has a project called NEAR that involves orbiting and studying the asteroid Eros，the second largest asteroid near Earth．Studying the composition of the asteroid provides important information hat may allow an asteroid to be exploded or knocked of course to prevent it from colliding with Earth．

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A. Try writing with the wrong hand. B. Let yourself daydream. C. Develop your inspiration. D. Discover your hidden talents. E. Record your dreams. AB. Stimulate your senses.

76.

Every night, for about 90 minutes, we drift into a strange, shadowy, magical world of our own creation. Poets, writers, artists and even scientists have found inspiration in their “dreamland”. Dreams are a message from the subconscious, a way of tapping your inner self. Keep a note pad and pen by your bedside, and as soon as you wake, note down whatever snatches of dreams you can recall. Dreams can solve your problems, give you advice, reveal your true feelings, and be a source of inspiration.

77.

What are you aware of right now? Look at a familiar object in the room as if seeing it for the first time — explore it with your eyes. Next, listen intently to any sounds you can hear. What can you smell and taste at this moment? Touch whatever is within reach, run your hand over and around it — how does it feel? During the next few weeks activate all your senses. Visit an art gallery, walk in a pine forest, luxuriate in a second bubble bath, go to a concert, swim, have a massage. Try to experience it all as if it were totally new to you.

78.

If you’re right-handed, develop the skills of your left hand or vice versa — allow it to draw something, switch TV channels or drink a cup of tea. Try this exercise: write a list of ten adjectives which characterize your personality using the hand you usually write with. A few days later, repeat the exercise writing with the other hand. Then compare the two lists. You might be surprised at the secrets of your inner self! For example, on the first list you might have written that you’re “witty”, but the second list might say “suspicious”. Then try a similar exercise, making two lists of “What I would most like to do”.

 

79.

Have you ever longed to paint portraits or watercolors, write a novel, draw cartoons, compose a song, design your own clothes, set up a business or landscape your garden? If so, why not start now? Yes, you might discover that your fast efforts are laughable — but try, try again. With a few notable exceptions such as Mozart, most people haven’t developed their creative talents through sheer hard work. Don’t kid yourself that you haven’t any spare time. It’s a question of making time, of seeing your talents as important enough to devote a few hours to each week. Who knows — you might be the next Laura Ashley or Agatha Christie?

80.

Forget about being told off for daydreaming at school. Daydreaming is good for you! Whether it’s a purely fantasy, or a dream about how life might be in the future, only the right-brain has visions of this kind. Creative visualization, vividly imagining whatever you desire as if it has already happened — and really believing in it, is said to be a powerful way of getting what you want. Many top sports people imagine themselves playing and winning — and it seems to work.

Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A. Be well-organized. B. Close with a Q & A. C. Don’t be contradictory . D. Bring it to a specific end. E. Speak slowly and pause. F. Drop unnecessary words.

Speaking to a group can be difficult, but listening to a bad speech is truly a tiresome task—especially when the speaker is confusing. Don’t want to confuse your audience? Follow these suggestions:
【小題1】When it comes to understanding new information, the human brain needs a little time. First, we hear the words; then, we compare the new information to what we already know. If the two are different, we need to pause and think. But a breathless speaker never stops to let us think about what he or she is saying and risks confusing us. Slow it.
【小題2】Sometimes we all start a sentence one way and then switch directions, which is very difficult to follow. When you confuse your listeners with opposing information, you leave the audience wondering what part of the information is right and what part they should remember. Instead of relying and keeping correcting yourself, work to get the facts clear and straight.
【小題3】Jumping from point to point as it comes to your mind puts the onus (責(zé)任）on your listeners to make up for your lack of organization. And it’s confusing for them to listen, reorganize, and figure out what you’re saying all at once. But going smoothly from one point to the next helps them understand information more easily. You can arrange things from beginning to end, small to large, top to bottom or by some other order. Just be sure to organize.
【小題4】Repeated use of um, ah, like, you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy. It makes the speaker sound uncertain and unprepared, and it can leave listeners so annoyed that they can’t pay attention. Recently I attended a speech that was marked by so many ums that audience members were rolling their eyes. Was anybody grasping the intended message? Um, probably not.
【小題5】Many speakers finish up their speeches with question-and-answer (Q & A) sessions, but some let the Q & A go on without a clear end. The audience is often left confused about whether the meeting is over and when they can get up and leave. Do your listeners a favour by setting a time limit on questions, and close your speech with a specific signal—even if it’s something simple like, “If you have any more questions, you know where to reach me.”
Or even more to the point, conclude your speech with “Thanks for your time. ”