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分詞 1)分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài): ①分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞.現(xiàn)在分詞有一般時(shí)和完成時(shí).一般時(shí)表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,完成時(shí)表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.例如: Being a student,he was interested in books. He hurried home,looking behind him as he went. Having studied in the university for 3 years,he knows the place very well. ②現(xiàn)在分詞有一般時(shí)和完成時(shí).且有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí).分詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作.就用分詞完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式.例如: The question being discussed is of great importance.Having been criticized by the teacher,Li Ming gave up smoking. 過(guò)去分詞表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.本身有被動(dòng)的含義.所以只有一般式.沒(méi)有完成時(shí). 2)分詞的用法: ①作定語(yǔ).分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí).放在被修飾的名詞之后,單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí).放在被修飾的名詞之前.例如: China is a developing country.The man standing at the window is our teacher.Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health. 注意:現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí).表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生. 如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先有后.一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ).而要用定語(yǔ)從句.例如: The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. ②作狀語(yǔ):分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí).可以表示時(shí)間.原因.結(jié)果.條件.讓步.行為方式.伴隨狀況等.例如: Being too old ,he couldn’t walk that far. While reading the book,he nodded from time to time. The teacher stood there surrounded by the students. Standing on the building,you can see the whole city. 注意:a.分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ).其邏輯主語(yǔ)須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致.b.表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可由連接詞while或when引導(dǎo).c.有時(shí).“with+名詞+分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨情況.例如: The spy sat on the ground,his hands tied behind his back. d.當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí).分詞必須有自己的主語(yǔ).例如: Time permitting,I will finish another lesson.Her glasses broken,she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. ③作表語(yǔ).例如: The new’s inspiring.You shouldn’t try to stand up if you are badly hurt. ④作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).例如: We saw the teacher making the experiment.John will get his room painted. 注意:在see,hear,watch,feel,observe,have,listen to,notice等動(dòng)詞后.既可以用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ).也可以用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ).但兩者的含義是有差別的.用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生(即處于發(fā)生的過(guò)程中.還沒(méi)有結(jié)束).用不定式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了.例如: I saw the girl getting on the bus. I saw the girl get on the bus and drive off. He had his foot hurt in the fall.He had his clothes washed. We had the fire burning all day. 注意:“have +賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞表示主體使客體處于某種狀態(tài)或干什么事,“have+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作是別人做的或與主體意志無(wú)關(guān). 3)過(guò)去分詞.現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式及完成被動(dòng)式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較: ①過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨動(dòng)作或行為方式時(shí).兩者無(wú)多大區(qū)別.習(xí)慣上常用過(guò)去分詞.例如: Seized with a sudden fear,she gave a scream. He came in,followed by a group of students. 在某些情況下.二者則是有區(qū)別的.例如: Badly polluted ,the water cannot be drunk. Being written in haste,the composition is full of mistakes.(原因.強(qiáng)調(diào)寫(xiě)的過(guò)程.故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式) ②過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式皆表示已完成的動(dòng)作.在意義上無(wú)多大區(qū)別.例如: weakened by storms.the bridge was no longer safe.但有時(shí)是有區(qū)別的.例如: Having been desertedby his guide,he couldn’t find his way through the jungle.. Asked to stay,I couldn’t very well refuse.(這里asked可能意味著having been asked,也可能意味著when/since I was asked.但若用having been asked.就不會(huì)有歧義)下面句子中過(guò)去分詞表示的時(shí)間與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間相同.所以不能代之以強(qiáng)調(diào)先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式.例如: Covered with confusion,I left the room.我很窘地離開(kāi)了房間. United,we stand;divided,we fall.團(tuán)結(jié)則存.分裂則亡. ③有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞一般時(shí)的被動(dòng)式與其完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式完全同義.皆表示已完成的動(dòng)作.這時(shí)用一般時(shí)的被動(dòng)時(shí)較好.例如: Being surrounded (Having been surrounded),the enemy troops were forced to surrender. 4)過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞意義上的區(qū)別:及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示“被動(dòng).完成 (不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只表示“完成 ).現(xiàn)在分詞表示“主動(dòng).進(jìn)行 .動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞所描寫(xiě)的常是一種“動(dòng)態(tài) 情景,其過(guò)去分詞所描寫(xiě)的往往是一種靜態(tài)情景.表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生后事物所處的狀態(tài).試看下面的例子: When the autumn wind blows,you can see yellow leaves falling off trees. He fell onto the fallen leaves inches thick and didn’t hurt himself There stands a pine tree,covering the entrance of the cave. We found his forehead covered with sweat. ●殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練【查看更多】

記敘文(日記)

時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)

人稱(chēng)：第二人稱(chēng)

語(yǔ)法：并列

日記2008年元月18日下午3點(diǎn)你校在學(xué)校禮堂舉行了成人宣誓儀式。請(qǐng)以日記的方式記錄儀式過(guò)程并談?wù)勛约旱母邢耄?/P>

參考詞匯：成人儀式a grown-up ceremony　宣誓make an oath

寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容

1．舉行儀式的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)；

2．表格中的內(nèi)容；

3．你自己的感想。

寫(xiě)作要求

1．必須扣緊題目的要求，用5個(gè)規(guī)范的英語(yǔ)句子組織成連貫的文章

2．組織成連貫的短文，開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總句子數(shù)

　　評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　1．句子結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確性和復(fù)雜度

　　2．短文內(nèi)容的完整性和連貫性

　　　January 18^th　Friday　　　　　　　　　　　Fine

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書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿分20分）

下圖描繪的是現(xiàn)在人類(lèi)面臨的窘境。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)對(duì)下面這幅畫(huà)的理解用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文，描述這種現(xiàn)象，說(shuō)明其產(chǎn)生的原因及后果，并發(fā)表你的看法。

參考詞匯：經(jīng)濟(jì)(n)：economy

環(huán)境(n): environment,

環(huán)境保護(hù)：environmental protection

詞數(shù)150左右。開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

提示：

1.簡(jiǎn)要描述圖片，闡述這種現(xiàn)象。

2.分析說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因及后果。

3.談?wù)勀銓?duì)砍伐樹(shù)木以及環(huán)境保護(hù)的看法。

4.仔細(xì)品味圖中的幽默，適當(dāng)發(fā)揮想象。

5.注意人稱(chēng)，時(shí)態(tài)和段落。不得提及所在學(xué)校和本人姓名。

Nowadays, human beings are faced with an embarrassing situation.

As can be seen from the cartoon,

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書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿分25分）。請(qǐng)將答案寫(xiě)在答題紙上的相應(yīng)位置。
某大學(xué)教授稱(chēng)，高學(xué)歷者的貧窮意味著恥辱和失敗，并對(duì)大學(xué)生提出要求，“當(dāng)你40歲時(shí)，沒(méi)有4000萬(wàn)身價(jià)不要來(lái)見(jiàn)我，也別說(shuō)是我的學(xué)生�！睂�(duì)此，鳳凰網(wǎng)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。多數(shù)人持反對(duì)態(tài)度，認(rèn)為教師不應(yīng)用金錢(qián)來(lái)衡量學(xué)生。有少數(shù)人則認(rèn)為這是一種激勵(lì)。還有極少數(shù)人說(shuō)不清楚。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)漫畫(huà)并結(jié)合餅狀圖(pie chart)用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文。
注意：
1.適當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)揮想象，增添細(xì)節(jié)使行文連貫；
2.字?jǐn)?shù)150左右；
3.文章開(kāi)頭已給出，不記入總詞數(shù)；
4.作文中不得提及考生所在學(xué)校和本人姓名。

A survey has been conducted by ifeng.com about whether a teacher should judge his students’ success by the money they have earned.
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書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿分20分）
下圖描繪的是現(xiàn)在人類(lèi)面臨的窘境。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)對(duì)下面這幅畫(huà)的理解用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文，描述這種現(xiàn)象，說(shuō)明其產(chǎn)生的原因及后果，并發(fā)表你的看法。

參考詞匯：經(jīng)濟(jì)(n)：economy
環(huán)境(n): environment,
環(huán)境保護(hù)：environmental protection
詞數(shù)150左右。開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
提示：
1.簡(jiǎn)要描述圖片，闡述這種現(xiàn)象。
2.分析說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因及后果。
3.談?wù)勀銓?duì)砍伐樹(shù)木以及環(huán)境保護(hù)的看法。
4.仔細(xì)品味圖中的幽默，適當(dāng)發(fā)揮想象。
5.注意人稱(chēng)，時(shí)態(tài)和段落。不得提及所在學(xué)校和本人姓名。
Nowadays, human beings are faced with an embarrassing situation.
As can be seen from the cartoon,