The health of people will be better if they ________ to eat more fruit and vegetables.

A. persuade 　　　　　　　　 B. will persuade

C. be persuaded 　　　　　　 D. are persuaded

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Possessing a car gives one a greater degree of freedom. With the building of good fast motorways, long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly.    【小題1】   You will no longer be forced to rely on public transport and work locally. You can choose from a greater variety of jobs and probably changes your work more frequently as you are not limited to a small area.
Although you can afford to buy it now, you have to consider the future.    【小題2】  However large the first sum you have to pay, you have to spend more in running the machine—the various taxes, the fuel, and of course the repairs. The last is especially endless. Any single repair may cost you thousands.
  【小題3】   As more and more cars are produced and used, an even larger amount of poisonous gas is being sent out. Some of the contents of this gas, such as lead, can cause actual harm to the health of people. Many of the minor illness of modern industrial society, headaches, tiredness, and stomachaches may just arise from the gas.
   【小題4】    It has been said that when a man is sitting behind the wheel, his car becomes the display of his personality. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind the wheel. They are ill-mannered and aggressive and selfish. All their hidden character seems to be brought to the surface by act of driving.
Traveling by car actually brings more inconvenience. Driving a car may be more comfortable than taking a crowded bus. But any advantage of driving a car is often gone in traffic jams, endless queues of cars through all the main streets.   【小題5】   

第二部分閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分40分）
A
Being the boss might mean more money and challenging work but it can also cause damage to physical and mental well-being, according to a Canadian study.
For years studies have shown people in lower-status jobs generally have higher rates of heart disease and other illnesses and die earlier than those in higher-status positions while job authority has shown no relationship with workers’ health.
But University of Toronto researchers, using data from 1,800 US workers, found the health of people in higher positions is affected by work as they are more likely to report conflicts with co-workers and say work disturbs their home life.
However, the positive aspects of having a power position at work, such as higher status, more pay and greater independence, seemed to cancel out the negative aspects when it came to people’s physical and psychological health.
These latest findings, reported in the journal Social Science & Medicine, suggest that the advantages and disadvantages authority positions basically cancel each other out, giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects.
For the study, the researchers surveyed participants about various aspects of their work, life and well-being. Job authority was judged based on whether a person managed other employees and had power over hiring, firing and pay.
Physical health complaints included problems like headaches, body aches, heartburn and tiredness. Psychological complaints included sleep problems, difficulty concentrating and feelings of sadness, worry and anxiety.
“This isn’t to suggest that having authority is ‘bad’—in fact, we show it has benefits ... but it is important to identify the negative sides and deal with them.” researcher Scott Schieman said.  
Schieman said conflicts with co-workers or involvement of work into home life may destroy at physical and mental well-being by creating stress.
“These are key stressors that can tax individuals’ ability to function effectively,” Schieman said.
56. Work will have a negative effect on job authority’s health probably because __________.
A. they are not fit for their work
B. they have power over hiring and pay
C. they are faced with severe competition
D. they don’t get on well with their co-workers
57. Most people don’t see that bosses have health effects because __________.
A. their health problems are not serious enough to see
B. they have enough money to keep themselves healthy
C. their problems are quite different from those of workers  
D. the advantages and disadvantages of their status work against each other
58. From the passage we can infer that the study aims to _________.
A. warn people not to be a boss for ever
B. remind the boss to deal with the bad effects of their work
C. show that having authority is harmful to one’s health
D. prove that being a boss can benefit a lot 
59. The best title for this passage might be ________.
A. Lower-status can affect health                    B. Authority can affect health
C. Positive aspects of a power position            D. Disadvantages of being a boss

Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America but also an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim. They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on the industries which cause pollution.

Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants(污染物). The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matter in their environment and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and adults, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.

It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, has laws against pollution, but these laws are not enforced strictly enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines(罰款) than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility(責(zé)任) does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U. S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely(嚴(yán)厲地) punished or even put out of business.

1. Why don’t developing countries have strict pollution controls?

A. The new industries they want to introduce do not cause much pollution.

B. Pollution is not a serious problem for developing countries.

C. They don’t realize the balance of nature will be destroyed by some pollutants.

D. If they put stricter controls on industry, fewer companies would build new plants in developing countries.

2. What is the author’s purpose in taking Cubatao as an example?

A. To show that industry can develop very fast in developing countries.

B. To show that the pollution problem in Brazil is extremely serious. 

C. To show that industrial growth can cause pollution problems for developing countries.

D. To show that pollution is killing many people and destroying the whole economy of Brazil.

3. How is the health of the population of Cubatao?

A. There are more heart diseases among people who live near chemical factories.

B. More people suffer from lung diseases because of poisonous matter.

C. Their health is affected by pollutants the same way as that of other Brazilians.

D. Babies there are found not as bright as those who live in other places.

4. Why do some foreign companies like to set up their plants in Brazil?

A. The investment(投資) environment in Brazil is suitable for them.

B. They will not be severely punished if they cause pollution in Brazil.

C. They can make much money because they do not have to pay Brazilian workers much.

D. They can act in an irresponsible(不負(fù)責(zé)任的) way in Brazil because there are no pollution laws there.

Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America but also an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim. They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on the industries which cause pollution.

Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants(污染物). The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matter in their environment and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and adults, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.

It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, has laws against pollution, but these laws are not enforced strictly enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines(罰款) than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility(責(zé)任) does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U. S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely(嚴(yán)厲地) punished or even put out of business.

Why don’t developing countries have strict pollution controls?

A. The new industries they want to introduce do not cause much pollution.

B. Pollution is not a serious problem for developing countries.

C. They don’t realize the balance of nature will be destroyed by some pollutants.

D. If they put stricter controls on industry, fewer companies would build new plants in developing countries.

What is the author’s purpose in taking Cubatao as an example?

A. To show that industry can develop very fast in developing countries.

B. To show that the pollution problem in Brazil is extremely serious. 

C. To show that industrial growth can cause pollution problems for developing countries.

D. To show that pollution is killing many people and destroying the whole economy of Brazil.

How is the health of the population of Cubatao?

A. There are more heart diseases among people who live near chemical factories.

B. More people suffer from lung diseases because of poisonous matter.

C. Their health is affected by pollutants the same way as that of other Brazilians.

D. Babies there are found not as bright as those who live in other places.

Why do some foreign companies like to set up their plants in Brazil?

A. The investment(投資) environment in Brazil is suitable for them.

B. They will not be severely punished if they cause pollution in Brazil.

C. They can make much money because they do not have to pay Brazilian workers much.

D. They can act in an irresponsible(不負(fù)責(zé)任的) way in Brazil because there are no pollution laws there.

We don’t know how different our life will be in the future . We can only try to imagine it .

At first we think about human relationship . In the year 2050 , we will use computers almost every day . We will be making new friends through the Internet—even our husbands or wives will be met in this way . It will be much faster and easier for us . On the other hand , our relationships with people won’t be as important as they are today—we will feel a little lonely .

Computers will also help us in many other activities in 2050 . For example , they will be used by the children at school to make their learning easier . In addition , there will be much more other machines which will play a similar role as computers , like robots which will do the housework for us .

Spending holidays will also be completely different . Traveling to other planets or to the moon will be available for everyone . Means of transport will , of course , change , too . we will be using solar-powered cars , which will be much more environmentally friendly .

We could expect that the faster technological progress would lead to a more polluted environment . But it isn’t true .We will pay more attention to protecting the environment . And , scientists will probably find cures for many dangerous diseases , like cancer or AIDS . Therefore , our surroundings as well as health will be in a better condition .

Although we can’t predict the exact changes which will be made in the world , we often think about them . We worry about our and our children’s future ; we have expectations , hopes as well as fears . But I think we should be rather sanguine about our future . We should be happy and believe good things will happen .

1. Why will people probably feel a little lonely in 2050 ?

A. Because the number of people will become much smaller .

B. Because there will be less face-to-face communication .

C. Because people won’t like making friends with each other .

D. Because people won’t communicate with each other much often .

2. The third paragraph mainly tells us_________.

A. that computers will do all the things for human beings

B. how people will use computers to communicate with each other

C. that machines like computers and robots will help people a lot

D. how people will use robot to do the housework

3. According to the passage , which of the following will happen in 2050 ?

A. The relationship between people will be more important than that of today .

B. The way of spending holidays will be the same as that of today .

C. It won’t be difficult for people to travel to other planets .

D. Our environment will be much more polluted with a growing number of cars .

4. What does the passage mainly talk about ?

A. How peoplewill communicate in the year 2050 .

B. What our life will be like in the year 2050 .

C. How people will travel and spend their holidays in the year 2050 .

D. What high technology will appear in the year 2050 .

We don’t know how different our life will be in the future. We can only try to imagine it.

At first we think about human relationship. In the year 2050, we will use computers almost every day. We will make new friends through the Internet—even our husbands or wives will be met in this way. It will be much faster and easier for us. On the other hand, our relationships with people won’t be as important as they are today-we will feel a little lonely.
Computers will also help us in many other activities in 2050. For example, they will be used by the children at school to make their learning easier. In addition, there will be much more other machines which will play a similar role as computers, like robots which will do the housework for us.
Spending holidays will also be completely different. Traveling to other planets or to the moon will be available for everyone. Means of transport will, of course, change, too. We will use solar-powered cars, which will be much more environmentally friendly.
We could expect that the faster technological progress would lead to a more polluted environment. But it isn’t true. We will pay more attention to protecting the environment. And, scientists will probably find cures for many dangerous diseases, like cancer or AIDS. Therefore, our surroundings as well as health will be in better condition.
Although we can’t predict the exact changes which will be made in the world, we often think about them. We worry about our and our children’s future; we have expectations, hopes as well as fears. But I think we should be rather sanguine about our future. We should be happy and believe good things will happen.
【小題1】Why will people probably feel a little lonely in 2050?

A little stress is good, since it helps you keep motivated to meet your goals. However, too much stress is bad for your health. Stress needs to be managed in order to prevent anxiety (焦慮). Here are some tips on how to manage stress.

Write it out

Write down everything that seems stressful, and ways to deal with each problem. You’ll find a things-to-do list much easier to manage than having all messed up in your head. Write down the tasks along with the specific times when you can do them.

One task at a time

Give each task all your attention while you’re doing it, and forget the rest. This will keep you from feeling anxious about things you have left to do. Thinking about other tasks only adds unnecessary stress, and can even stop you from doing the task you’re busy with at present. You don’t need to do everything all at once, or on your own. The feeling of being pressed to finish something on time will somehow disappear if someone is there to help you.

Give yourself a reward

Rewarding yourself for what you’ve already done, no matter how small, is a great way to motivate yourself to keep going. It will reduce stress, and make you happier to go on with the next task.

Give yourself a break

Breaks of ten to fifteen minutes are important. Visit a cafe or take a quick walk —anything to take your mind off the work for a while. If you need to stay at work, sit with your eyes closed and imagine a peaceful place or some other relaxing scenes. This will remove the stress from your muscles and mind.

1.The best title for the passage would probably be _____.

A．Stress Is Good or Not

B．How to Form Good Working Habits

C．Tips on How to Manage Stress

D．Ways to Keep Healthy

2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A．It’s better to plan a specific time to do the task.

B．It helps you stay motivated to think about the undone tasks.

C．It’s unnecessary for you to do all the tasks by yourself.

D．It helps if you put your attention to one task at a time.

3.Which of the following would the author agree?

A．The more stress you have, the more motivated you will be.

B．Writing down everything seems impossible.

C．Only reward yourself for your biggest achievements in your work.

D．It is necessary to have a break during your work.

4.What can we learn from the passage?

A．Stress is always bad for people.

B．Imagining a relaxing scene may help.

C．The best way to relax is by rewarding yourself.

D．Finishing tasks on time reduces stress.

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Possessing a car gives one a greater degree of freedom. With the building of good fast motorways, long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly.    1   You will no longer be forced to rely on public transport and work locally. You can choose from a greater variety of jobs and probably changes your work more frequently as you are not limited to a small area.

Although you can afford to buy it now, you have to consider the future.    2  However large the first sum you have to pay, you have to spend more in running the machine—the various taxes, the fuel, and of course the repairs. The last is especially endless. Any single repair may cost you thousands.

   3   As more and more cars are produced and used, an even larger amount of poisonous gas is being sent out. Some of the contents of this gas, such as lead, can cause actual harm to the health of people. Many of the minor illness of modern industrial society, headaches, tiredness, and stomachaches may just arise from the gas.

    4    It has been said that when a man is sitting behind the wheel, his car becomes the display of his personality. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind the wheel. They are ill-mannered and aggressive and selfish. All their hidden character seems to be brought to the surface by act of driving.

Traveling by car actually brings more inconvenience. Driving a car may be more comfortable than taking a crowded bus. But any advantage of driving a car is often gone in traffic jams, endless queues of cars through all the main streets.    5   

A．Driving a car often brings out a man’s worst qualities.

B．Driving a car may cause many traffic accidents.

C．If you have a car, you can move around freely.

D． Considering this, I don’t support the use of more cars.

E.  A car may bring you heavy financial burden.

F.  More cars can produce serious air pollution.

G. Knowing you are able to drive makes you more confident.

A pill，code-named HT-0712，may make forgetfulness a thing of the past. It is being developed in the US and could go on sale within five years.

According to the newspaper The Sun，the wonder drug has been nicknamed “Mind Viagra”and has already been shown to boost the memory power of mice and flies. Next it will be tested on humans. This is just one of a number of drugs in a pharmaceutical (制藥的) race to develop an increased memory pill. At least 12 US companies are believed to be working on similar projects.

Tim Tully，the founder of US drug company Helicon Therapeutics，who is in charge of the HT-0712 project，gave this practical example of its use for students：“If it takes two weeks to memorize a verse of Shakespeare，with one of these drugs you might be able to do it in two or three days. ”

“The memory drug business appears to be set to become a multi-million dollar industry，”experts say. This summer，100 Americans suffering mild memory loss will test HT-0712 in the first experiment on people.

“You don’t think better than you did before，you just get the facts in with less practice. There is a growing belief that memory and memory loss is just another treatable condition，”says Tully.

However，there is some doubt whether the drugs can really improve memory. In a study by the US’s Yale University Medical School，researchers suggested that the drug might affect other parts of the memory.

1.Which of the following can be most likely to replace the underlined word “boost” in the second paragraph?

A.Reduce.　　　 B.Increase.　　　　 C.Kill.　　　　　　 D.Harm.

2.What will happen to the students most probably if they take HT-0712?

A.They will grow taller.

B.They can memorize things easily.

C.They won’t suffer from illness.

D.They will choose whatever universities they like.

3.The future of HT-0712 can be said　　　　 according to experts.

A.dim　　　　　 B.uncertain　　　　 C.bright　　　　　　 D.worried

4.HT-0712 is a pill that　　　　 .

A.has bad effect on the health of mice and flies

B.has been experimented on dozens of animals

C.will be experimented on humans this summer

D.is certain to do no harm to human

5.The purpose of writing the passage is to　　　　 .

A.warn people the harm of HT-0712

B.introduce to people the advantages of HT-0712

C.tell people something about HT-0712

D.doubt whether it is worth developing HT-0712

We don’t know how different our life will be in the future . We can only try to imagine it .
At first we think about human relationship . In the year 2050 , we will use computers almost every day . We will be making new friends through the Internet—even our husbands or wives will be met in this way . It will be much faster and easier for us . On the other hand , our relationships with people won’t be as important as they are today—we will feel a little lonely .
Computers will also help us in many other activities in 2050 . For example , they will be used by the children at school to make their learning easier . In addition , there will be much more other machines which will play a similar role as computers , like robots which will do the housework for us .
Spending holidays will also be completely different . Traveling to other planets or to the moon will be available for everyone . Means of transport will , of course , change , too . we will be using solar-powered cars , which will be much more environmentally friendly .
We could expect that the faster technological progress would lead to a more polluted environment . But it isn’t true .We will pay more attention to protecting the environment . And , scientists will probably find cures for many dangerous diseases , like cancer or AIDS . Therefore , our surroundings as well as health will be in a better condition .
Although we can’t predict the exact changes which will be made in the world , we often think about them . We worry about our and our children’s future ; we have expectations , hopes as well as fears . But I think we should be rather sanguine about our future . We should be happy and believe good things will happen .
1. Why will people probably feel a little lonely in 2050 ?
A. Because the number of people will become much smaller .
B. Because there will be less face-to-face communication .
C. Because people won’t like making friends with each other .
D. Because people won’t communicate with each other much often .
2. The third paragraph mainly tells us_________.
A. that computers will do all the things for human beings
B. how people will use computers to communicate with each other
C. that machines like computers and robots will help people a lot
D. how people will use robot to do the housework
3. According to the passage , which of the following will happen in 2050 ?
A. The relationship between people will be more important than that of today .
B. The way of spending holidays will be the same as that of today .
C. It won’t be difficult for people to travel to other planets .
D. Our environment will be much more polluted with a growing number of cars .
4. What does the passage mainly talk about ?
A. How peoplewill communicate in the year 2050 .
B. What our life will be like in the year 2050 .
C. How people will travel and spend their holidays in the year 2050 .
D. What high technology will appear in the year 2050 .

We don’t know how different our life will be in the future. We can only try to imagine it.

At first we think about human relationship. In the year 2050, we will use computers almost every day. We will make new friends through the Internet—even our husbands or wives will be met in this way. It will be much faster and easier for us. On the other hand, our relationships with people won’t be as important as they are today-we will feel a little lonely.

Computers will also help us in many other activities in 2050. For example, they will be used by the children at school to make their learning easier. In addition, there will be much more other machines which will play a similar role as computers, like robots which will do the housework for us.

Spending holidays will also be completely different. Traveling to other planets or to the moon will be available for everyone. Means of transport will, of course, change, too. We will use solar-powered cars, which will be much more environmentally friendly.

We could expect that the faster technological progress would lead to a more polluted environment. But it isn’t true. We will pay more attention to protecting the environment. And, scientists will probably find cures for many dangerous diseases, like cancer or AIDS. Therefore, our surroundings as well as health will be in better condition.

Although we can’t predict the exact changes which will be made in the world, we often think about them. We worry about our and our children’s future; we have expectations, hopes as well as fears. But I think we should be rather sanguine about our future. We should be happy and believe good things will happen.

1.Why will people probably feel a little lonely in 2050?

A. Because the number of people will become much smaller.

B. Because there will be less face-to-face communication.

C. Because people won’t like making friends with each other.

D. Because people won’t communicate with each other much often.

2.The third paragraph mainly tells us ________.

A. computers will do all the things for human beings

B. how people will use computers to communicate with each other

C. machines like computers and robots will help people a lot

D. how people will use robots to do the housework

3.According to the passage, which of the following will happen in 2050?

A. The relationship between people will be more important than that of today.

B. The way of spending holidays will be the same as that of today.

C. It won’t be difficult for people to travel to other planets.

D. Our environment will be much more polluted with a growing number of cars.

4.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. How people will communicate in the year 2050.

B. What our life will be like in the year 2050.

C. How people will travel and spend their holidays in the year 2050.

D. What high technology will appear in the year 2050.

A little stress is good, since it helps you keep motivated to meet your goals. However, too much stress is bad for your health. Stress needs to be managed in order to prevent anxiety (焦慮). Here are some tips on how to manage stress.
Write it out
Write down everything that seems stressful, and ways to deal with each problem. You’ll find a things-to-do list much easier to manage than having all messed up in your head. Write down the tasks along with the specific times when you can do them.
One task at a time
Give each task all your attention while you’re doing it, and forget the rest. This will keep you from feeling anxious about things you have left to do. Thinking about other tasks only adds unnecessary stress, and can even stop you from doing the task you’re busy with at present. You don’t need to do everything all at once, or on your own. The feeling of being pressed to finish something on time will somehow disappear if someone is there to help you.
Give yourself a reward
Rewarding yourself for what you’ve already done, no matter how small, is a great way to motivate yourself to keep going. It will reduce stress, and make you happier to go on with the next task.
Give yourself a break
Breaks of ten to fifteen minutes are important. Visit a cafe or take a quick walk —anything to take your mind off the work for a while. If you need to stay at work, sit with your eyes closed and imagine a peaceful place or some other relaxing scenes. This will remove the stress from your muscles and mind.
【小題1】The best title for the passage would probably be _____.

Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America.It is an extremely serious problem in some developing countries.For these countries,economic growth is a very important aim.They want to introduce industries,and so they put few controls on industries which cause pollution.

Cubatao,an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil,is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution.In 1954,Cubatao had no industry.Today it has more than twenty large factories,which produce many pollutants（污染物）.The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matters in their surroundings,and the bad effects can be clearly seen.Birth shortcomings are extremely common.Among children and grown-ups,lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.

It is true that Brazil,like many other countries,has laws against pollution,but these laws are not carried out strictly enough.It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines(罰款) than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution.It is clear,therefore,that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers.

However,the responsibility(責(zé)任) does not completely lie with the Brazilian government.The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either.A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France,Italy,and the U.S.They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home.If they caused the same amount of pollution at home,they would be severely(嚴(yán)厲的) punished or even put out of business.

1.Developing countries don’t have strict pollution controls because

A.the industries they want to introduce do not cause much pollution

B.pollution is not a serious problem or developing countries

C.they don’t realize that the balance of nature will be destroyed by some pollutants

D.if they put stricter controls on industry,fewer companies would build new plants in developing countries

2.The author’s purpose in naming Cubatao is to show that　　　 .

A.industry can develop very fast in developing countries

B.the pollution problem in Brazil is extremely serious

C.industrial growth can cause pollution problems for developing countries

D.pollution is killing many people and destroying the whole economy of Brazil

3.How is the health of the population Cubatao?

A.There are more heart diseases among people who live near chemical factories.

B.More people suffer from lung diseases because of poisonous matters.

C.Their health is affected by pollutants the same way as that of other Brazilians.

D.Babies there are found not as bright as those who live in other places.

4.Some foreign companies like to set up their plants in Brazil because they　　　 .

A.think Brazil is suitable for them to invest(投資) in

B.will not be severely punished if they cause pollution in Brazil

C.can make much money and they do not have to pay Brazilian workers much

D.can act in an irresponsible way in Brazil where there are no pollution laws

　　Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America. It is an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim. They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on industries that cause pollution. Cubatao, an industrial town of 85,000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it had more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants. The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matters in their surroundings, and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and grown-ups, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.

　　It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, had laws against pollution, but these laws are not carried out strictly enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important top the government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility does not completely lie in the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the US. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely punished or even put out of business.

(1) Developing countries don't have strict pollution controls because ________.

[　　]

A．the new industries they want to introduce do not cause much pollution

B．pollution is not a serious problem for developing countries

C．they don't realize that the balance of nature will be destroyed by some pollutants

D．if they put stricter controls on industries, fewer companies would build new plants in developing countries.

(2) The author's purpose in naming Cubatao is to show that ________.

[　　]

A．industry can develop very fast in developing countries

B．the pollution problem in Brazil is extremely serious

C．industries growth can cause pollution problems for developing countries

D．pollution is killing many people and destroying the whole economy of Brazil

(3) How is the health of the population of Cubatao?

[　　]

A．There are more heart diseases among people who live near chemical factories.

B．More people suffer from lung disease because of poisonous matters.

C．Their health is affected by pollutants the way as that of other Brazilians.

D．Babies there are found not as bright as those who live in other places.

(4) Some foreign companies like to set up their plants in Brazil because they ________.

[　　]

A．think Brazil is suitable for them to invest in Brazil

B．will not be severely punished if they cause pollution in Brazil

C．can make much money and they do not have to pay Brazilian workers much

D．can act in an irresponsible way in Brazil where there are no pollution laws

閱讀理解

　　Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America. It is an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim. They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on industries which cause pollution.

　　Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants (污染物). The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matter in their environment (環(huán)境) and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and adults (成人), lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.

　　It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, has laws against pollution, but these laws are not enforced strictly enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines (罰款) than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility (責(zé)任) does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U. S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely (嚴(yán)厲地) punished or even put out of business.

1．Why don't developing countries have strict pollution controls?

[　　]

A．The new industries they want to introduce do not cause much pollution.

B．Pollution is not a serious problem for developing countries.

C．They don't realize the balance of nature will be destroyed by some pollutants.

D．If they put stricter controls on industry, fewer companies would build new plant in developing countries.

2．What is the author's purpose in naming Cubatao?

[　　]

A．To show that industry can develop very fast in developing countries.

B．To show that the pollution problem in Brazil is extremely serious.

C．To show that industrial growth can cause serious pollution problems in developing countries.

D．To show that pollution is killing many people and destroying the whole economy of Brazil.

3．How is the health of the population of Cubatao?

[　　]

A．There are more heart diseases among people who live near chemical factories.

B．More people suffer from lung diseases because of poisonous matter.

C．Their health is affected by pollutants the same way as that of other Brazilians.

D．Babies there are found not as bright as those who live in other places.

4．Why do some foreign companies like to set up their plants in Brazil?

[　　]

A．The investment (投資) environment in Brazil is suitable for them.

B．They will not be severely punished if they cause pollution in Brazil.

C．They can make much money because they do not have to pay Brazilian workers much.

D．They can act in an irresponsible (不負(fù)責(zé)任的) way in Brazil because there are no pollution laws there.

閱讀理解

　　Old Americans are separating into two classes. Retirement(退休) can be either heaven or hell. “I do believe on the whole the retirements of tomorrow will be wealthier and healthier than the same group of 30 years ago. ”says Robert Friedland, director of the National Academy on Ageing. “But that's only part of the picture. ”There is also a large group whose household income hasn't been growing very much. For them the future is unhappy.

　　“Nature is not always kind. ”says Dr. Robert Butler, an expert in medical care of old people, who was founding director of the National Institute on Ageing. The relationship between socio-economic position and life expectancy(估計(jì)壽命) has been know for a long time. Race is also connected. And education is a powerful tool in lengthening life.

　　“The reality is that poor people get sick easily as they age because they live in dirty neighbourhood and have dirty jobs, they are left unprotected from environmental pollution, and the pressure of being poor wears down people's health. ”according to Karen Davis, president of the Commonwealth Fund, which studies health issues.“Cigarette smoking has a great effect because it is more common in lower socio-economic groups.” says Elizabeth Whelan, president of the American Council on Science and Health. “If you live in a state of hopelessness and helplessness and don't think about the future, you are more likely to take up life-threatening habits.”“Race and income have large effects on death . ” a team of researchers reported in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1996, after researching on 24 million whites and 2.1 million blacks.

　　With the exception of black women, the highest income group had the lowest death rates and the lowest income group had the highest death rates regardless of race. For black women there was no consistent pattern across income groups.

1．According to Dr. Robert Butler, ________ plays the most important role in people's life expectancy.

[　　]

2．The reason why poor people are more likely to get ill as they grow old is that ________.

[　　]

A．they live in the countryside

B．they work with their hands

C．their families are too large

D．they suffer a lot from poverty

3．From what Elizabeth says we can say that ________.

[　　]

A．smoking makes people poor and hopeless

B．smoking is very popular among poor people

C．poor people should give up smoking

D．rich people in America never smoke