Nineteenth-century writers in the United States, whether they wrote novels, short stories, poems or plays, were powerfully drawn to the railroad in its golden years. In fact, writers responded to the railroads as soon as the first were built in the 1830’s. By the 1850’s, the railroad was a major presence in the life of the nation. Writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David saw the railroad both as a boon(要求) to democracy(民主國家) and as an object of suspicion. The railroad could be and was a despoiler(掠奪者) of nature, furthermore, in its manifestation of speed and noise. It might be a despoiler of human nature as well. By the 1850’s and 1860’s, there was a great distrust among writer and intellectuals of the rapid industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force. Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playing in eroding traditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued among writers throughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.
　 For the most part, the literature in which the railroad plays and important role belong to popular culture rather than to the realm of serious art. One thinks of melodramas, boys’ books, thrillers, romances, and the like rather than novels of the first rank. In the railroads’ prime years, between 1890 and 1920, there were a few individuals in the United States, most of them with solid railroading experience behind them, who made a profession of writing about railroading—works offering the ambience of stations, yards, and locomotive cabs. These writers, who can genuinely be said to have created a genre, the “railroad novel”, are now mostly forgotten, their names having faded from memory. But anyone who takes the time to consult their fertile writings will still find a treasure trove of information about the place of the railroad in the life of the United States.
【小題1】The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to______.

Dogs can be worried and pessimistic just like people, researchers report in a new study in Current Biology. And they aren’t talking about basset hounds (短腳獵狗): those dogs just look as if they expect the worst.

What the scientists say is that dogs that exhibit anxiety when left home alone by their owners may have bigger problems — they may be in a permanent bad mood.

This pessimistic outlook may not otherwise be easily apparent in a dog’s other characteristics, like running speed or learning ability, the study reports.

Dogs are similar to humans in the role that emotional state plays in decision making, said Michael Mendel, a veterinary scientist at the University of Bristol and the study’s lead author. The study’s researchers looked at 24 dogs in shelters in Britain.

They placed the dogs in isolated settings and observed their reactions — many barked, jumped on furniture and scratched at the door.

Then they placed bowls in two rooms. One bowl contained food, while another was empty. After training the dogs to understand that bowls can sometimes be empty, and sometimes full, they began to place bowls in ambiguous locations.

Dogs that quickly raced to the locations were more optimistic, and in search of food. Those that did not were deemed pessimistic.

The more separation anxiety a dog expressed while in isolation, the more likely the dog was to have a pessimistic reaction, the researchers found.

The study carries an important message for dog owners, Dr. Mendel said.

Dogs that express serious anxiety when alone may need treatment, as it could be a sign of unhappiness and instability.

This passage can be classified as _________.

     A. an advertisement                                   B. a feature story

C. a news report                                        D. a book review

In the study, many dogs barked, jumped and scratched because __________.

       A. they couldn’t find the bowl with food in it

       B. they were left alone

       C. they needed to be treated

       D. they wanted to be active and optimistic

According to Dr. Mendel, which statement is true?

       A. Like humans, dogs are good at decision making.

       B. Dog owners should train dogs to find food.

       C. Emotional state works sometimes when humans make decision.

       D. Dogs can always find the bowl with food quickly.

What can we learn from the passage?

       A. Dogs will be optimistic as long as they are left alone.

       B. Dogs must be in a permanent bad mood when their owners left.

       C. Dogs that express anxiety don’t need treatment.

       D. Dogs may easily show their pessimistic outlook in learning ability.

The key to a good interpersonal relationship is simple once you understand the role that needs play in making a relationship weak, moderate, average, or strong.

A person who fails in a relationship is someone who neglects the needs of his or her partner. So the first step to establish a successful relationship is to find out what needs the other person has. It is also very important to understand your own needs so that you can help the other person in the relationship to meet your needs.

Unfortunately, not only do many people fail to see or to understand their partner’s needs, but they do not understand their own. Children have wonderful relationships with their parents as long as their needs are being satisfied. When the needs are not satisfied, the relationship changes and problems arise. As a child grows, needs change; it is necessary that parents recognize these changes. As it is with the child to the parents, it is also with the parents to the child.

The way to recognize the needs of other people is by their responses to you. When you do or say something and you get a positive response, you are well on the way to being recognized. The same goes for you. What is it that you respond to in a positive manner? What do you feel good about getting and about doing? What are you totally guiltless about? What can you do with complete confidence and fearlessness? What emotional scene can you control without fear or guilt? Look in these areas for your needs and you will in all probability find your answers.

As stated, our own needs are often hidden. The techniques covered in the power of self-mind control will allow you to discover your needs and show you who you are in regard to interpersonal relationships. Your effectiveness in influencing and dealing with people will greatly increase the power of self-mind control.

From the passage we learn that ________.

A. it is hard to make good interpersonal relationships

B. there are several levels of relationships among people

C. the success of different interpersonal relationships can be measured by needs

D. the first step to establish a successful relationship is to know your own needs

According to Paragraph 2, the most important factor in dealing with people is to ________.

A. be kind to them and help them

B. only think of their needs

C. find out both your needs and theirs

D. learn some interpersonal techniques

Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?

  A. A child’s needs change with his growth.

  B. A child should also know his parents’ needs.

  C. It’s easier to find your own needs than to find others’.

  D. You can learn what others need by their responses to you.

The last two paragraphs are written mainly to tell us ________.

  A. why some people fail in a relationship

  B. how to increase the power of self-mind control

  C. why our needs are often hidden

  D. how to recognize others’ needs and yours

Zhao Wenxuan，a film star from Taiwan，has been fond of seeing films since his childhood. He would sometimes go to the cinema for the same film four or five times. He also enjoys literature and art. Before he took the film acting as his career，he had worked in an airline in Taipei, the capital of Taiwan Province. His change of job to acting was quite by chance.
One day，he came across in the paper an advertisement for a leading actor to appear in the film named “Wedding Feast.” Full of excitement，he answered the job ad by telephoning the director of the film — Mr. Li An. It was this telephone call that had changed all his life. At last the director decided him to be the very person for the role. That he could be chosen owed much to his good command of English，natural manners and low pay for his work in the film.
The film “Wedding Feast” proved to be a hit. It won the German Golden Bear Award and entered the competition for one of the Oscar Academy Awards. Also, it was the first Taiwan film that was permitted to be shown in the U. S. Thanks to the film，Zhao Wenxuan became popular in Taiwan, Hong Kong and southeast Asia.
In 1994，Mr. Zhao acted as a leading role in the Hong Kong film，“Red Rose and White Rose”，in which many film stars like Ms Chen Chong from U. S. and Ms Ye Yuqing from the local area participated. This film was named for 10 prizes of the Taiwan Golden Horse Prize and at last it was awarded five prizes for the best play，actress and music. Zhao has regarded the film as one of his favorite films since he stepped into the acting circle.
Since 1993，Mr. Zhao has taken part in the shootings of 13 films， most of which are thought highly of.
Mr. Zhao said the that Taiwan should think to cooperate much with the mainland in the film producing industry and it would benefit each other. In recent years he often came to the mainland for film shooting. He has just completed his performance in the film “Love Affairs” directed by Mr. LiXin，a director from Shanghai Film Studio.
【小題1】Why could Zhao Wenxuan play the leading role in the movie “Wedding Feast”？

?Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food
9:00—9:45 a.m. Blue Tent
Panelists (成員)：Jami Bernard, David Kamp, Marion Nestle and Peter Singer.
Hosted by Denise Grady, science writer for The New York Times.
How does what we eat not only affect our bodies, but also the world？The food and nutrition experts debate the role that the diet plays in both personal and global health, and present a look at food politics.
?Sports Writing：For the Love of the Game
9:50—10:35 a.m. Blue Tent
Panelists：Christine Brennan, Ira Rosen, Joe Wallace and Joe Drape.
Hosted by William C.Rhoden, sports writer for The New York Times.
Whether catching that key moment of victory or defeat, or covering breaking news, sports writers are anything but audience. Listen as some professionals discuss the special experience in reporting of sports news.
?The Art of the Review
11:15—12:00 a.m. Green Tent
Panelists: John Freeman, Barry Gewen, David Orr, Celia McGee and Jennifer Schuessler.
Hosted by Sam Tanenhaus, editor for The New York Times Book Review.
How much of an effect does the book review have on book sales？Join this group of critics(評(píng)論家) as they discuss the reality of book review and bestseller lists, and how they choose books for review.
?New York Writers, New York Stories
3:00—3:45 p.m.Green Tent
Panelists: Cindy Adams, Richard Cohen, Ric Klass and Lauren Redniss.
Hosted by Clyde Haberman, columnist (專欄作家) for the City Section of The New York Times.
Join this inspiring group of New York－centric writers as they talk about why New York is a gold mine of ideas for their work.
【小題1】If you are free in the afternoon, you can attend_______.

??Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food

9:00—9:45 a.m. Blue Tent

Panelists (成員)：Jami Bernard, David Kamp, Marion Nestle and Peter Singer.

Hosted by Denise Grady, science writer for The New York Times.

How does what we eat not only affect our bodies, but also the world？The food and nutrition experts debate the role that the diet plays in both personal and global health, and present a look at food politics.

??Sports Writing：For the Love of the Game

9:50—10:35 a.m. Blue Tent

Panelists：Christine Brennan, Ira Rosen, Joe Wallace and Joe Drape.

Hosted by William C.Rhoden, sports writer for The New York Times.

Whether catching that key moment of victory or defeat, or covering breaking news, sports writers are anything but audience. Listen as some professionals discuss the special experience in reporting of sports news.

??The Art of the Review

11:15—12:00 a.m. Green Tent

Panelists: John Freeman, Barry Gewen, David Orr, Celia McGee and Jennifer Schuessler.

Hosted by Sam Tanenhaus, editor for The New York Times Book Review.

How much of an effect does the book review have on book sales？Join this group of critics(評(píng)論家) as they discuss the reality of book review and bestseller lists, and how they choose books for review.

??New York Writers, New York Stories

3:00—3:45 p.m.Green Tent

Panelists: Cindy Adams, Richard Cohen, Ric Klass and Lauren Redniss.

Hosted by Clyde Haberman, columnist (專欄作家) for the City Section of The New York Times.

Join this inspiring group of New York－centric writers as they talk about why New York is a gold mine of ideas for their work.

If you are free in the afternoon, you can attend_______.

A. The Art of the Review

B. New York Writers, New York Stories

C. Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food

D. Sports Writing: For the Love of the Game

If you like sports writing, you will most probably _______.

A. go to Blue Tent at 11:15 a.m                   B. enjoy Jami Bernard’s talk

C. listen to Christine Brennan                D. attend the Art of the Review

Sam Tanenhaus is in charge of ________.

A. The Art of the Review

B. Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food

C. New York Writers, New York Stories

D. Sports Writing：For the Love of the Game

All the four activities above _______.

A. are about writing                                    B. will last 45 minutes each

C. can be attended freely                              D. will attract many readers

We can learn from the text that________.

A. sports writers are a type of audience

B. the New York Times is popular

C. Denise Grady will discuss politics

D. book reviews may affect book sales

Here are two letters from our readers expressing their concern about school assessment:

(1)

Students should be allowed to study without worrying about grades. Fortunately, most educators realize that students have different interests and abilities. However, gradebased assessment(評(píng)價(jià)) is still very common.Grades often hold back creativity. Competing for better grades causes many students to turn down opportunities to go in for music,drama and sports.Grades are also an unfair measure of a student’s ability. I do not demand,as some extremists do,that grades should no longer be recorded.However,I do believe that less importance should be placed on grades.I hope that someday grades will become optional(可要可不要) at Village High School.

Magdalena Smith, President,

Drama Club

(2)

Let’s face the facts about grades.Grades perform three basic functions.First,grades get students to work at their highest level of competence.Second,they act as an encouragement for hardworking students and as a warning to those who are not.Finally,grades are an effective standard by which to measure students achievement.Good grades help students to get jobs and to get into university.I’ve spoken with a number of students who have jobs,and most of them say that they were hired mainly because of their grades.My grades helped me get a parttime job and will help me get into university next year.I think grades are extremely important at Village High School.

Simon Harper, Member,

Science Club

Simon Harper writes from the viewpoint of someone who _______.

A. insists grades should become optional in the near future

B. believes in the advantages of assessment based on grades

C. is concerned about improving students creativity

D. supports using students interests to measure their abilities

Magdalena Smith thinks it is important for _______.

A. educators to assess the students by grades

B. educators to pay more attention to grades

C. students to compete for better grades

D. students to take part in music, drama, and sports

According to the letters, which of the following is true about Village High School?

A. Grades are effective in every way.

B. Grades hold back students creativity.

C. Grades bring about unnecessary competition.

D. Grades are still in use at present.

What are the two letters mainly about?

A. The role that grades should play in assessing students.

B. The importance of art and music in students life.

C. The need to have a standard measure for students success.

D. The reasons why grades shouldn’t be used to assess students.

Nineteenth-century writers in the United States, whether they wrote novels, short stories, poems or plays, were powerfully drawn to the railroad in its golden years. In fact, writers responded to the railroads as soon as the first were built in the 1830’s. By the 1850’s, the railroad was a major presence in the life of the nation. Writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David saw the railroad both as a boon(要求) to democracy(民主國家) and as an object of suspicion. The railroad could be and was a despoiler(掠奪者) of nature, furthermore, in its manifestation of speed and noise. It might be a despoiler of human nature as well. By the 1850’s and 1860’s, there was a great distrust among writer and intellectuals of the rapid industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force. Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playing in eroding traditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued among writers throughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.

　 For the most part, the literature in which the railroad plays and important role belong to popular culture rather than to the realm of serious art. One thinks of melodramas, boys’ books, thrillers, romances, and the like rather than novels of the first rank. In the railroads’ prime years, between 1890 and 1920, there were a few individuals in the United States, most of them with solid railroading experience behind them, who made a profession of writing about railroading—works offering the ambience of stations, yards, and locomotive cabs. These writers, who can genuinely be said to have created a genre, the “railroad novel”, are now mostly forgotten, their names having faded from memory. But anyone who takes the time to consult their fertile writings will still find a treasure trove of information about the place of the railroad in the life of the United States.

The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to______.

　　A. railroad 　　B. manifestation　　 C. speed 　　D. nature

In the first paragraph, the author implies that writers’ reactions to the development of railroads were______.

　　A. highly enthusiastic 　 B. both positive and negative　  C. unchanging　 　D. Disinterested

According to the passage, the railroad played a significant role in literature in all of the following kinds of books except_______.　

A. thrillers 　 B. boys’ books　　C. romances　　D. important novels

The phrase “first rank” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to______.

A. largest category(類別) 　B. highest quality　  C. earliest writers 　D. most difficult language

Which of the following topics is the main idea of passage?

A. The role of the railroad in the economy of the USA　

B. Major nineteenth century writers

C. The conflict between expanding industry and preserving nature

D. The railroad as a subject for literature

 The role that our army_____ in flood control is very important.

A. made            B. acted               C. played          D. did

It is easy to overlook the role that your body plays in influencing your mood(情緒). When you are 49 , you may find yourself blaming work pressures or an unknown future. However, it could just be that you’ve been sitting behind your desk too long.
One way to improve your mood is 50 . Psychologically, it provides you with a break from the stresses in your life. Also, in the process, you may aim for  51  goals, like a new personal running record or a better body shape. The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your 52 . That is why exercise has been shown to 53 your self-respect.
You do not have to train yourself 54  to feel the psychological benefits of exercise. What really matters is 55 , not intensity(強(qiáng)度) of your exercise. You can try walking for 30 minutes five times per week or simply gardening on weekends.

C.
Here are two letters from our readers expressing their concern about school assessment (評(píng)價(jià)):
(l)
Students should be allowed to study without worrying about grades (學(xué)習(xí)成績). Fortunately, most educators realize that students have different interests and abilities. However, grade-based assessment is still very common. Grades often hold back creativity. Competing for better grades causes many students to turn down opportunities to go in for music, drama and sports. Grades are also an unfair measure of a student’s ability. I do not demand, as some extremists do, that grades should no longer be recorded. However, I do believe that less importance should be placed on. grades. I hope that someday grades will become optional(可選擇的) at Village High School.
Magdalena Smith, President
Drama Club
(2)
Let’s face the facts about grades. Grades perform three basic functions( 功能). First, grades get students to work at their highest level of competence  (能力 ). Second, they act as an encouragement for hard-working students and as a warming to those who are not. Finally, grades are an effective standard by which to measure students' achievement. Good grades help students to get jobs and to get into university.
I've spoken with a number of students who have jobs, and most of them say that they were hired mainly because of their grades. My grades helped me get a part-time job and will help me into university next year. I think grades are extremely important at Village High School.
Simon Harper, Member,
Science Club
64. Simon Harper writes from the viewpoint of someone who      
A. insists grades should become optional in the near future
B. believe in the advantages of assessment based on grades
C. is concerned about improving students' creativity
D. supports using students' interests to measure their abilities
65. Magdalena Smith thinks it is important for       .
A. educators to assess the students by grades
B. educators to pay more attention to grades
C. students to compete for better grades
D. students to take part in music, drama, and sports
66. According to the letters, which of the following is TRUE about Village High School?
A. Grades are effective in every way.    
B. Grades hold back students' creativity. .
C. Grades bring about unnecessary worries.
D. Grades are still in use at present.    .
67. What are the two letters mainly about?
A. The role that grades should play in assessing students.
B. The importance of art and music in students' life.
C. The need to have a standard measure for students' success.
D. The reasons why grades shouldn't be used to assess students.

Dogs can be worried and pessimistic just like people, researchers report in a new study in Current Biology. And they aren’t talking about basset hounds (短腳獵狗): those dogs just look as if they expect the worst.
What the scientists say is that dogs that exhibit anxiety when left home alone by their owners may have bigger problems — they may be in a permanent bad mood.
This pessimistic outlook may not otherwise be easily apparent in a dog’s other characteristics, like running speed or learning ability, the study reports.
Dogs are similar to humans in the role that emotional state plays in decision making, said Michael Mendel, a veterinary scientist at the University of Bristol and the study’s lead author. The study’s researchers looked at 24 dogs in shelters in Britain.
They placed the dogs in isolated settings and observed their reactions — many barked, jumped on furniture and scratched at the door.
Then they placed bowls in two rooms. One bowl contained food, while another was empty. After training the dogs to understand that bowls can sometimes be empty, and sometimes full, they began to place bowls in ambiguous locations.
Dogs that quickly raced to the locations were more optimistic, and in search of food. Those that did not were deemed pessimistic.
The more separation anxiety a dog expressed while in isolation, the more likely the dog was to have a pessimistic reaction, the researchers found.
The study carries an important message for dog owners, Dr. Mendel said.
Dogs that express serious anxiety when alone may need treatment, as it could be a sign of unhappiness and instability.
【小題1】This passage can be classified as _________.

Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food

   9:00—9:45 a.m. Blue Tent

   Panelists (成員)：Jami Bernard, David Kamp, Marion Nestle and Peter Singer.

   Hosted by Denise Grady, science writer for The New York Times.

   How does what we eat not only affect our bodies, but also the world？The food and nutrition experts debate the role that the diet plays in both personal and global health, and present a look at food politics.

   Sports Writing：For the Love of the Game

   9:50—10:35 a.m. Blue Tent

   Panelists：Christine Brennan, Ira Rosen, Joe Wallace and Joe Drape.

   Hosted by William C.Rhoden, sports writer for The New York Times.

   Whether catching that key moment of victory or defeat, or covering breaking news, sports writers are anything but audience. Listen as some professionals discuss the special experience in reporting of sports news.

   The Art of the Review

   11:15—12:00 a.m. Green Tent

   Panelists: John Freeman, Barry Gewen, David Orr, Celia McGee and Jennifer Schuessler.

   Hosted by Sam Tanenhaus, editor for The New York Times Book Review. How much of an effect does the book review have on book sales？Join this group of critics(評(píng)論家) as they discuss the reality of book review and bestseller lists, and how they choose books for review.

   New York Writers, New York Stories

   3:00—3:45 p.m.Green Tent

   Panelists: Cindy Adams, Richard Cohen, Ric Klass and Lauren Redniss.

   Hosted by Clyde Haberman, columnist (專欄作家) for the City Section of The New York Times.

   Join this inspiring group of New York－centric writers as they talk about why New York is a gold mine of ideas for their work.

1.If you are free in the afternoon, you can attend_______.

   A．The Art of the Review

   B．New York Writers, New York Stories

   C．Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food

   D．Sports Writing: For the Love of the Game

2.Sam Tanenhaus is in charge of ________.

   A．The Art of the Review

   B．Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food

   C．New York Writers, New York Stories

   D．Sports Writing：For the Love of the Game

3.All the four activities above _______.

   A．a(chǎn)re about writing               B．will last 45 minutes each

   C．can be attended freely                              D．will attract many readers

4.We can learn from the text that________.

   A．sports writers are a type of audience

   B．the New York Times is popular

   C．Denise Grady will discuss politics

   D．book reviews may affect book sales

We would like to wish all our readers a wonderful winter break. Our January magazine is now in the shops and available digitally. We’re looking forward to sharing more adventures and discoveries with you in 2014, including:

At a crossroads in the Atlantic

As the population of Ascension Island rises up to mark the 200th anniversary of British rule, Fred Pearce wonders what the future might have in store for this strange part of land.

Photostory: On the road again

A selection of images from an exhibition opening this month at the Royal Geographical Society go hand in hand with M Aurel Stein’s early 20th century photographs of the Silk Road.

Dossier: Going underground

Mark Rowe discusses the role that carbon storage can play in the global effort to reduce carbon dioxide emission (排放).

Net loss

Kit Gillet reports from the Gulf of Thailand, whose fisheries (漁場) have been almost destroyed by the commercialization of the Thai fishing industry.

And don’t forget…

…a round-up of the latest geographical and climate science news; a hot spot focus on Turkey; advice on taking photographs in Antarctica; an interview with Lucien Castaing-Taylor, professor of visual arts at Harvard; plus lots, lots more…

Buy your copy now, click here and save up to 35% or call +44 (0)1635 588 496. Geographical is also available in WHSmith and many independent news agents.

1.Who took photos of the Silk Road?

A. M Aurel Stein.      B. Fred Pearce.                  C. Mark Rowe.           D. Lucien Castaing-Taylor.

2.If you want to read something about global warming, you can read         .

A. At a crossroads in the Atlantic                         

B. Photostory: On the road again

C. Dossier: Going underground                  

D. Net loss

3. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Ascension Island has a bright future with more population.

B. Commercialization contributes to the loss of fishery in Thai.

C. The January edition of 2014 is to come out in the winter break.

D. The topics of this magazine focus on geography and interviews.

4.The passage is written to         .

A. share adventures and discoveries                           

B. give advice on taking photos

C. attract readers to buy the magazine               

D. introduce the content of the magazine

It is easy to overlook the role that your body plays in influencing your mood(情緒). When you are 49 , you may find yourself blaming work pressures or an unknown future. However, it could just be that you’ve been sitting behind your desk too long.

One way to improve your mood is 50 . Psychologically, it provides you with a break from the stresses in your life. Also, in the process, you may aim for  51  goals, like a new personal running record or a better body shape. The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your 52 . That is why exercise has been shown to 53 your self-respect.

You do not have to train yourself 54  to feel the psychological benefits of exercise. What really matters is 55 , not intensity(強(qiáng)度) of your exercise. You can try walking for 30 minutes five times per week or simply gardening on weekends.

1.                A．ill             B．poor           C．unhappy  D． unsuccessful

2.                A．play           B．communication   C．sleep D． exercise

3.                A．clear           B．present         C．common  D． early

4.                A．a(chǎn)bility          B．relationship      C．confidence    D． business

5.                A．tear down       B．build up        C．set aside  D． give out

6.                A．hard           B．everywhere     C．carefully  D． late

7.                A．time           B．length          C．form D． frequency

?Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food

9:00—9:45 a.m. Blue Tent

Panelists (成員)：Jami Bernard, David Kamp, Marion Nestle and Peter Singer.

Hosted by Denise Grady, science writer for The New York Times.

How does what we eat not only affect our bodies, but also the world？The food and nutrition experts debate the role that the diet plays in both personal and global health, and present a look at food politics.

?Sports Writing：For the Love of the Game

9:50—10:35 a.m. Blue Tent

Panelists：Christine Brennan, Ira Rosen, Joe Wallace and Joe Drape.

Hosted by William C.Rhoden, sports writer for The New York Times.

Whether catching that key moment of victory or defeat, or covering breaking news, sports writers are anything but audience. Listen as some professionals discuss the special experience in reporting of sports news.

?The Art of the Review

11:15—12:00 a.m. Green Tent

Panelists: John Freeman, Barry Gewen, David Orr, Celia McGee and Jennifer Schuessler.

Hosted by Sam Tanenhaus, editor for The New York Times Book Review.

How much of an effect does the book review have on book sales？Join this group of critics(評(píng)論家) as they discuss the reality of book review and bestseller lists, and how they choose books for review.

?New York Writers, New York Stories

3:00—3:45 p.m.Green Tent

Panelists: Cindy Adams, Richard Cohen, Ric Klass and Lauren Redniss.

Hosted by Clyde Haberman, columnist (專欄作家) for the City Section of The New York Times.

Join this inspiring group of New York－centric writers as they talk about why New York is a gold mine of ideas for their work.

1.If you are free in the afternoon, you can attend_______.

2.If you like sports writing, you will most probably _______.

3.Sam Tanenhaus is in charge of ________.

4.All the four activities above _______.

5.We can learn from the text that________.

C.

Here are two letters from our readers expressing their concern about school assessment (評(píng)價(jià)):

(l)

Students should be allowed to study without worrying about grades (學(xué)習(xí)成績). Fortunately, most educators realize that students have different interests and abilities. However, grade-based assessment is still very common. Grades often hold back creativity. Competing for better grades causes many students to turn down opportunities to go in for music, drama and sports. Grades are also an unfair measure of a student’s ability. I do not demand, as some extremists do, that grades should no longer be recorded. However, I do believe that less importance should be placed on. grades. I hope that someday grades will become optional(可選擇的) at Village High School.

Magdalena Smith, President

Drama Club

(2)

Let’s face the facts about grades. Grades perform three basic functions( 功能). First, grades get students to work at their highest level of competence  (能力 ). Second, they act as an encouragement for hard-working students and as a warming to those who are not. Finally, grades are an effective standard by which to measure students' achievement. Good grades help students to get jobs and to get into university.

I've spoken with a number of students who have jobs, and most of them say that they were hired mainly because of their grades. My grades helped me get a part-time job and will help me into university next year. I think grades are extremely important at Village High School.

Simon Harper, Member,

Science Club

64. Simon Harper writes from the viewpoint of someone who      

A. insists grades should become optional in the near future

B. believe in the advantages of assessment based on grades

C. is concerned about improving students' creativity

D. supports using students' interests to measure their abilities

65. Magdalena Smith thinks it is important for       .

A. educators to assess the students by grades

B. educators to pay more attention to grades

C. students to compete for better grades

D. students to take part in music, drama, and sports

66. According to the letters, which of the following is TRUE about Village High School?

A. Grades are effective in every way.    

B. Grades hold back students' creativity. .

C. Grades bring about unnecessary worries.

D. Grades are still in use at present.    .

67. What are the two letters mainly about?

A. The role that grades should play in assessing students.

B. The importance of art and music in students' life.

C. The need to have a standard measure for students' success.

D. The reasons why grades shouldn't be used to assess students.

Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food

    9:00—9:45 a.m. Blue Tent

    Panelists (成員)：Jami Bernard, David Kamp, Marion Nestle and Peter Singer.

    Hosted by Denise Grady, science writer for The New York Times.

    How does what we eat not only affect our bodies, but also the world？The food and nutrition experts debate the role that the diet plays in both personal and global health, and present a look at food politics.

    Sports Writing：For the Love of the Game

    9:50—10:35 a.m. Blue Tent

    Panelists：Christine Brennan, Ira Rosen, Joe Wallace and Joe Drape.

    Hosted by William C.Rhoden, sports writer for The New York Times.

    Whether catching that key moment of victory or defeat, or covering breaking news, sports writers are anything but audience. Listen as some professionals discuss the special experience in reporting of sports news.

    The Art of the Review

    11:15—12:00 a.m. Green Tent

    Panelists: John Freeman, Barry Gewen, David Orr, Celia McGee and Jennifer Schuessler.

    Hosted by Sam Tanenhaus, editor for The New York Times Book Review. How much of an effect does the book review have on book sales？Join this group of critics(評(píng)論家) as they discuss the reality of book review and bestseller lists, and how they choose books for review.

    New York Writers, New York Stories

    3:00—3:45 p.m.Green Tent

    Panelists: Cindy Adams, Richard Cohen, Ric Klass and Lauren Redniss.

    Hosted by Clyde Haberman, columnist (專欄作家) for the City Section of The New York Times.

    Join this inspiring group of New York－centric writers as they talk about why New York is a gold mine of ideas for their work.

If you are free in the afternoon, you can attend_______.

    A．The Art of the Review

    B．New York Writers, New York Stories

    C．Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food

    D．Sports Writing: For the Love of the Game

Sam Tanenhaus is in charge of ________.

    A．The Art of the Review

    B．Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food

    C．New York Writers, New York Stories

    D．Sports Writing：For the Love of the Game

All the four activities above _______.

    A．a(chǎn)re about writing               B．will last 45 minutes each

    C．can be attended freely                   D．will attract many readers

We can learn from the text that________.

    A．sports writers are a type of audience

    B．the New York Times is popular

    C．Denise Grady will discuss politics

    D．book reviews may affect book sales

(2013·高考重慶卷，B)It is easy to overlook the role that your body plays in influencing your mood(情緒)．When you are____，you may find yourself? blaming work pressures or an unknown future.However，it could just be that you’ve been sitting behind your desk too long.

One way to improve your mood is____.Psychologically，it provides you with a break from the stresses in your life.Also，in the process，you may aim for____goals，like a new personal running record or a better body shape.The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your____.That is why exercise has been shown to____your self-respect.

You do not have to train yourself____to feel the psychological benefits of exercise.What really matters is____，not intensity(強(qiáng)度)of your exercise.You can try walking for 30 minutes five times per week or simply gardening on weekends.

1.A.ill? B．poor

C．unhappy? D．unsuccessful

2.A.play? B．communication

C．sleep? D．exercise

3.A.clear? B．present

C．common? D．early

4.A.ability? B．relationship

C．confidence? D．business

5.A.tear down? B．build up

C．set aside? D．give out

6.A.hard? B．everywhere

C．carefully? D．late

7.A.time? B．length

C．form? D．frequency

Nineteenth-century writers in the United States, whether they wrote novels, short stories, poems or plays, were powerfully drawn to the railroad in its golden years. In fact, writers responded to the railroads as soon as the first were built in the 1830’s. By the 1850’s, the railroad was a major presence in the life of the nation. Writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David saw the railroad both as a boon(要求) to democracy(民主國家) and as an object of suspicion. The railroad could be and was a despoiler(掠奪者) of nature, furthermore, in its manifestation of speed and noise. It might be a despoiler of human nature as well. By the 1850’s and 1860’s, there was a great distrust among writer and intellectuals of the rapid industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force. Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playing in eroding traditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued among writers throughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.

　 For the most part, the literature in which the railroad plays and important role belong to popular culture rather than to the realm of serious art. One thinks of melodramas, boys’ books, thrillers, romances, and the like rather than novels of the first rank. In the railroads’ prime years, between 1890 and 1920, there were a few individuals in the United States, most of them with solid railroading experience behind them, who made a profession of writing about railroading—works offering the ambience of stations, yards, and locomotive cabs. These writers, who can genuinely be said to have created a genre, the “railroad novel”, are now mostly forgotten, their names having faded from memory. But anyone who takes the time to consult their fertile writings will still find a treasure trove of information about the place of the railroad in the life of the United States.

1.The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to______.

　　A. railroad 　　B. manifestation　　 C. speed 　　D. nature

2.In the first paragraph, the author implies that writers’ reactions to the development of railroads were______.

　　A. highly enthusiastic 　 B. both positive and negative　  C. unchanging　 　D. Disinterested

3. According to the passage, the railroad played a significant role in literature in all of the following kinds of books except_______.　

A. thrillers 　 B. boys’ books　　C. romances　　D. important novels

4. The phrase “first rank” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to______.

A. largest category(類別) 　B. highest quality　  C. earliest writers 　D. most difficult language

5. Which of the following topics is the main idea of passage?

A. The role of the railroad in the economy of the USA　

B. Major nineteenth century writers

C. The conflict between expanding industry and preserving nature

D. The railroad as a subject for literature