科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
One thing the tour books don’t tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. They ran away from the city about centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home, one of the many wild animals that have moved into urban areas around the world.
“The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing,” says Gomer Jones, president of the National Institute for Urban Wildlife, in Columbia, Maryland. A survey of the wildlife in New York’s Central Park last year tallied the species of mammals, including muskrats, shrews and flying squirrels. A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species. One of the country’s largest populations of raccoons (浣熊) now lives in Washington D.C., and moose (駝鹿) are regularly seen wandering into Maine towns. Peregrine falcons(游隼) dive from the window ledges of buildings in the largest U.S. cities to prey on (捕食) pigeons.
Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges (避難處) have been created. The Greater London Council last year spent￡750,000 to buy land and build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. Over 1,000 volunteers have donated money and cleared rubble from derelict lots. One evening last year a fox was seen on Westminster Bridge looking up at Big Ben.
For peregrine falcons, cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings (懸崖棲息地). By 1970 the birds had died out east of the Mississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food.
Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The trick is to create habitats where they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In San Francisco, the local government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones retain (保持) the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds.
【小題1】The first paragraph suggests that ________.
| A．environment is crucial（關(guān)鍵的）for wildlife |
| B．tour books are not always a reliable source of information |
| C．London is a city of fox |
| D．foxes are highly adaptable to environment |
| A．Food is plentiful in the cities. |
| B．Wildlife is appreciated in the cities. |
| C．Wildlife refuges have been built in the cities |
| D．Air and water quality has improved in the cities |
| A．distinguished | B．described | C．counted | D．concluded |
| A．Londoners are putting more and more wild animals into their zoos. |
| B．Londoners are happy to see wild animals return to their city |
| C．Londoners are trying to move wild animals back to the countryside |
| D．Londoners have welcomed the wild birds, but found foxes a problem |
| A．Wildlife returning to large cities |
| B．Foxes returning to London |
| C．Wild animals living in zoos |
| D．A survey of wildlife in New York |
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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
“People are ruder today because they are rushed and more ‘time poor’ than ever before，”says Patsy Rowe，“ Manners_have_fallen_off_the_radar(雷達(dá))．”Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people don’t wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint(抱怨)about the noise.Here are some examples of rudeness.
Some people prefer to do almost everything over the internet.To them，dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward.It feels very slow because humans don’t work at 4G speeds.When you have dinner with friends，you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone.We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings lifechanging news，so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with.What is worse，some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的) rude messages by email.
However，rudeness is never acceptable.Don’t assume it is OK to be rude if the person you’re in touch with won’t recognize you.If you have something awful to say，have the courage to face the person and say it，write a letter or email and sign it，or forget it.Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.
We shouldn’t blame technology for our shortcomings.Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives.An important step ia acknowledging our shortcomings.People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if we’d publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.
【小題1】What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?
| A．People can tell good from bad behavior. |
| B．Radar is able to observe human behavior. |
| C．People care little about their behavior. |
| D．Radar can be used to predict human behavior. |
| A．they are becoming less patient |
| B．they are growing too independent |
| C．they have to handle many important messages |
| D．they have to follow an evolutionary step backward. |
| A．ridiculous | B．disgusting |
| C．a(chǎn)cceptable | D．reasonable |
| A．We should applaud good behavior. |
| B．Technology can never be blamed. |
| C．We should keep pointing out mistakes. |
| D．Technology will take over our lives one day. |
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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers，buying tickets from scalpers (票販子)，or purchasing linecutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service)．
Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue，“First come，first served，”have an egalitarian(平等主義的) appeal.They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.
The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.If I put my house up for sale，I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along，simply because it’s the first.Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.
Sometimes standards change，and it is unclear which principle should apply.Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.
But don’t take the recorded message too seriously.Today，some people’s calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to“score”incomings calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.
Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other nonmarket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queuejumping schemes we’ve considered—at airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors’offices，and national parks—are recent developments，scarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.
【小題1】According to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle“First come，first served”？
| A．Taking buses. |
| B．Buying houses. |
| C．Flying with an airline. |
| D．Visiting amusement parks. |
| A．the necessity of patience in queuing |
| B．the advantage of modern technology |
| C．the uncertainty of allocation principle |
| D．the fairness of telephonic services |
| A．justify paying for faster services |
| B．discuss the morals of allocating things |
| C．a(chǎn)nalyze the reason for standing in line |
| D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping |
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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
(2013·高考廣東卷，D)While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class，a monitor(監(jiān)控器)a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.
Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer’s Los Angeles apartment，the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room.Her Internet access was locked－remotely－to prevent Internet searches，and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was：Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?
In the battle against cheating，this is the cutting_edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education.The technology gives trust to the entire system，to the institution and to online education in general.Only with solid measures against cheating，experts say，can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid—that students haven’t just searched the Internet to get the right answers.
Although online classes have existed for more than a decade，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of“open online courses.”Private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field.spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.
Aside from the web cameras，a number of other hightech methods are becoming increasingly popular.Among them are programs that check students’ identities using personal information，such as the telephone numbers they once used.
Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.As in many university classes，term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.
【小題1】Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?
| A．To correct her typing mistakes. |
| B．To find her secrets in the room. |
| C．To prevent her from slowing down. |
| D．To keep her from dishonest behaviors. |
| A．a(chǎn)dvanced technique |
| B．sharpening tool |
| C．effective rule |
| D．dividing line |
| A．they can attract potential students |
| B．they can defeat academic cheating |
| C．they offer students online help |
| D．they offer many online courses |
| A．checking the question answering speed |
| B．producing a large number of questions |
| C．scanning the Internet test questions |
| D．giving difficult test questions |
| A．The Advantages of Online Exams |
| B．The Hightech Methods in Online Courses |
| C．The Fight against Cheating in Online Education |
| D．The War against the Booming of Online Education |
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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
The phenomenon is becoming more and more popular that human beings have developed a closely relationship with the most dangerous of animals－Kevin Richardson treats lions like kitty cats，Andre Hartman has a special bond with Great White Sharks and now there is 79year old Werner Freund who has spent the last 40 years of his life in the company of wolves.
While details about how and why the former paratrooper(傘兵) became attached to these beautiful wild animals are a little summary，he has been tending them in his 25acre Wolvespark located in the German province of Saarland，since 1972.While he currently has a group of 29，over the years he has raised almost 70 wolves belonging to all breeds(種屬) ranging from Siberian to Arctic，Canadian，European and even，Mongolian.The wolves treat Werner as if he were one of their own.They nuzzle(依偎) against him，play with him and are generally sheeplike when he is around，just like they would be around a head wolf!
This，however，is not accidental－It is a position that Werner works on establishing and maintaining with a simple act，every single day－Whenever it's feeding time，he calls his wolves to come for the raw meat by howling.As the hungry animals rush to get their food，they are always met with this scene－Werner sinking his teeth into the raw meat first.While this may sound a little rude，that is how the position of hierarchy(等級(jí)) is established in the animal world.It is always the leader male that gets the first meal and only when he signals，can the rest join in.Werner's wolves know this rule quite well and never challenge his authority.
While wolves，the largest member of the dog family，are believed to be dangerous，they rarely attack humans.Werner says that in reality，they are beautiful gentle souls，whose reputation has been tarnished，by fairy tales like Red Riding Hood!
【小題1】We can know________from the first paragraph.
| A．a(chǎn)ll lions like Kevin Richardson |
| B．Great White Sharks are dangerous animals |
| C．only some specialists can live animals together |
| D．Werner Freund accompanies wolves day and night |
| A．Human beings can get along well with animals |
| B．Werner Freund and his famous Wolvespark |
| C．Werner Freund treats his wolves like friends |
| D．Exparatrooper shares special bond with wolves |
| A．peacefully | B．respectfully | C．fearfully | D．fondly |
| A．he whistles loudly |
| B．he bites the meat firstly |
| C．wolves challenge his authority |
| D．wolves eat all their foods. |
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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Pop stars today enjoy what once only belonged to the royalty(皇室)．Wherever they go，people turn out in their thousands to greet them.The crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling，colorfully dressed idols.The stars are transported in their chauffeur driven Rolls Royces，private helicopters or executive aeroplanes.They are surrounded by a permanent entourage(隨從)of managers，press agents and bodyguards.Photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported，for，like royalty，pop stars are news.If they enjoy many of the privileges of royalty，they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well.It is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearances in public.They must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds who idolize them.They are no longer private individuals，but public property.The financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice cannot be calculated，for their rates of pay are great.
And why not？Society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly.The great days of Hollywood have become legendary：famous stars enjoyed fame，wealth and adulation(奉承)on an all time scale.By today's standards，the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular.A single gramopphone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did.The competition for the title“Top of the Pops”is fierce，but the rewards are truly huge.
It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way.Don't the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the service they perform to their companies and their countries？Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency—often more than large industrial companies—and the taxman can only be grateful for their massive annual contributions to the exchequer(國(guó)庫)．So who would begrudge them their rewards?
It's all very well for people in boring jobs to complain about the successes and rewards of others.People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg.For every famous star，there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living.A man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards.He has chosen security and peace of mind，so there will always be a limit to what he can earn.But a map who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks.He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top.He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete failure.But he knows，too，that the rewards for success are very high indeed：they are the payback for the huge risks involved and once he makes it，he will certainly earn them.That's the essence of private enterprise.
【小題1】The author develops the passage mainly by ________.
| A．comparing different ideas |
| B．giving explanations |
| C．inferring |
| D．listing typical examples |
| A．be jealous of | B．be satisfied with |
| C．be anxious about | D．be crazy about |
| A．He who laughs last laughs best. |
| B．If you venture nothing，you will gain nothing. |
| C．He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. |
| D．Success belongs to the persevering. |
| A．People are blind in idolizing stars. |
| B．There is fierce competition in becoming pop stars. |
| C．The government taxes pop stars very little. |
| D．Pop stars' life is more luxurious than that of royalty. |
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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Women nowadays do not just want to work to help meet the rising costs of living and education for their children. They also want a career that will enable them to bring out their skills and use their potentials so that they can experience a sense of fulfillment and pride that come from achievements and success. Some careers that have been traditionally dominated(支配)by the male species have been made open and filled up by women as well. It is no longer a surprising occurrence today to see many women working as pilots, astronauts, engineers, in construction sites, and in the printing business that operates hightech machines.
Many women are also taking their chances on managerial and executive positions that mostly men are the ones sitting on. Many of them also do well in the line of education as teachers, deans and even presidents of universities. You can also see many women as lecturers and reviewers of different businesses. One example is that of the online printing company reviews where women usually have a say on what is the best choice for online printers for any marketing needs.
From the income that women are getting from their work, they are able to maintain a family and able to provide a better education for their children and able to enjoy a comfortable lifestyle.
However, there are still pronounced biases (偏見) against women in high leadership positions. There still exists the socalled genderrole stereotyping. Women need help to cope with and manage the typical stereotyping of women workers and managers. Those who look for jobs advertised in the classified sections of the newspaper often discover that many corporate positions are closed to women. And most often than not, many give preference to men by indicating in their ads phrases such as “male preferred” or “male applicants only”. Even in some family run or owned corporations, seldom can you see women managers and presidents.
Surveys show that although a man and a woman have the same level or handle the same position in an organization, the man would get a higher or bigger compensation package(薪酬) compared to women. Because of this, many women are just contented，to be in subordinate positions in finance, human resources, sales, manufacturing and other supportive roles.
There are still other barriers that prevent women from reaching their full potentials in the world of employment. Our culture does not encourage women to excel in government and in businessrelated jobs. Women who are able to make it on top and handle leadership roles are sometimes regarded merely as tokens. The abilities and skills of women are normally questioned by their own peers, and sadly even by other women.
If you are a woman who have the interest, ability and drive to pursue management careers，career counseling is of great help to help you find direction and increase motivation to pursue your career goals. It will help you have the selfconfidence to get you in the same career opportunities open to men in this society that still prefers men for top level positions.
【小題1】From the first paragraph we know that women________.
| A．work mainly to help meet the rising costs of living |
| B．want to provide their children with better education |
| C．a(chǎn)lso want to take some more challenging jobs |
| D．have taken up some work that men can do well |
| A．taking jobs outside home |
| B．working as pilots or astronauts |
| C．educating their children at home |
| D．operating machines at home |
| A．higher | B．lower |
| C．more rewarding | D．less demanding |
| A．Women working out of houses |
| B．Women fighting against biases |
| C．Women getting larger income |
| D．Women aiming high in careers |
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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Does Fame Drive You Crazy?
Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today's stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the world's attention.Paparazzi (狗仔隊(duì)) camp outside their homes, cameras ready.Tabloids (小報(bào)) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!
According to pyschologist Christina Villarreal, celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance.Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time，” Villarreal says, “they feel separated and alone.”
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4th century B．C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold－out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film－stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.
If fame is so troublesome, why aren't all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.
Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.
【小題1】It can be learned from the passage that stars today________.
| A．a(chǎn)re often misunderstood by the public |
| B．can no longer have their privacy protected |
| C．spend too much on their public appearance |
| D．care little about how they have come into fame |
| A．Great heroes of the past were generally admired. |
| B．The problem faced by celebrities has a long history. |
| C．Well－known actors are usually targets of tabloids. |
| D．Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers. |
| A．Availability of modern media. |
| B．Inadequate social recognition. |
| C．Lack of favorable chances. |
| D．Huge population of fans. |
| A．Sincere. | B．Sceptical. |
| C．Disapproving. | D．Sympathetic. |
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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Parents are creating an “I want it now” generation by indulging children's every demand at Christmas，say experts.Youngsters are becoming increasingly selfish，claim the education analysts.
Consumersavvy children are forcing their families into racking up huge debts and risk becoming spoilt and dissatisfied in the future.
Behavioural consultant Chris Calland said，“Parents are desperate to make Christmas into a magical fairy tale for their kids.There's nothing wrong with that as such.The problem arises when it means always giving in to all our children's demands—even if they are beyond our price range or not ageappropriate.”
Ms.Calland，who runs “Santa Says No” style sessions with colleague Nicky Hutchinson，added, “Many of us go into so much debt providing the gifts our children want that we spend the rest of the year paying off the bills.Yet so often the parcels we've carefully wrapped，once opened，are just pushed away because the very thing our little boy or girl was once so desperate for, they have now lost interest in.”
Ms. Calland and Ms.Hutchinson have drawn up a list of guidelines to help parents manage their offspring's Christmas lists this year.They say that adults can actually improve their relationships with their children by resisting “pester (糾纏) power”．
Ms.Calland said，“All too often we say yes because we want an easier life when the fact is that we're only building up problems for the future.We are helping create a generation of youngsters who are blind to the needs of others and the necessity of hard work.”
“Children learn fast—if we sometimes change our mind，they quickly realise it might be worth lying on the floor and screaming for it.Make sure you and your partner are working together on this.Be consistent.And try not to get caught up in competition with other families or friends.”
【小題1】How is the “I want it now” generation created?
| A．Parents can't afford the gifts for their children. |
| B．Parents become heavily in debt. |
| C．Parents are trying to make Christmas into a magical fairy tale. |
| D．Parents give children whatever they want at Christmas. |
| A．They are quite selfcentered. |
| B．They like to live in fairy tales. |
| C．They waste a lot of money on gifts. |
| D．They can't keep their interest in gifts. |
| A．To advise on how to wrap gifts properly. |
| B．To keep children's interest in the gifts. |
| C．To tell parents how to say no to children's demands. |
| D．To advise parents on what gifts to buy for children. |
| A．a(chǎn)nalyze children's behavior |
| B．give advice to parents |
| C．introduce a new generation |
| D．give her support to parents |
| A．buy nothing for children at Christmas |
| B．choose gifts carefully for children |
| C．let children choose their own gifts |
| D．a(chǎn)void competing with others |
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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
All Ric O Barry wants is to stop the dolphinkilling, so he is headed to this seaside Japanese town, Taiji.The American activist, who is the star of a new awardwinning documentary that portrays the dolphinkilling here, got an unwelcome reception when he showed up here this week for the start of the annual hunt.
His movie, The Cove(海豚灣), directed by National Geographic photographer Louie Psihoyos, was released in the United States a month ago but has not yet to come out in Japan.
Scenes in the film, some of which were shot secretly, show fishermen banging on metal poles stuck in the water to create a wall of sound that scares the dolphins— which have supersensitive sonar(聲納系統(tǒng))—and sends them fleeing into a cove.
There, the fishermen sometimes pick a few to be sold for aquarium shows, for as much as $150,000. They kill the others, spearing(刺) the animals repeatedly until the water turns red. The meat from one dolphin is worth about 50,000 yen, and is sold at supermarkets across Japan.
Greenpeace and other groups have tried to stop the hunt for years.Activists hope The Cove will bring the issue to more people internationally—and eventually in Japan.
Already，the Australian town of Broome dropped its 28year sistercity relationship with Taiji last month，partly because of the movie.
“Some regions have a tradition of eating dolphin meat，” said fisheries official Toshinori Uoya. “Dolphinkilling may be negative for our international image, but it is not something orders can stop.”
The town government in Taiji—which has made whales and dolphins its trademark—refused to comment about The Cove, or the growing international criticism against dolphinkilling.
Many in Taiji take the dolphin hunt for granted as part of everyday life. They are defensive about The Cove，seeing themselves as powerless victims of overseas pressure to end a simple and honest way of making a living.
【小題1】Ric O Barry made The Cove because he wanted to ________.
| A．stop the dolphinkilling |
| B．win an international award |
| C．support Greenpeace's efforts |
| D．make Taiji wellknown in the world |
| A．the advanced techniques to catch dolphins |
| B．the cruel and bloody dolphinkilling |
| C．the beautiful Japanese seaside town Taiji |
| D．the sale of dolphin meat around the world |
| A．Taiji broke up with its western sistercity Broome. |
| B．Japanese officials decided to ban dolphinkilling. |
| C．The town government in Taiji kept silent on criticism. |
| D．Most Japanese people were against eating dolphin meat. |
| A．Feeling guilty for killing dolphins. |
| B．Protecting themselves against criticism. |
| C．Attacking those against dolphinkilling. |
| D．Making the determination to change. |
| A．Many people in Japan have seen The Cove in the cinema. |
| B．The Cove has not influenced Japan's international image. |
| C．Taiji's dolphinkilling industry has been seriously damaged. |
| D．The Cove has brought international attention to dolphinkilling. |
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