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Does Fame Drive You Crazy?
Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today's stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the world's attention. Paparazzi(狗仔隊) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids(小報) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!
According to psychologist Christina Villarreal, celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time，” Villarreal says, “they feel separated and alone.”
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B．C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold­out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain(抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film­stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.
If fame is so troublesome, why aren't all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.
Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.
【小題1】It can be learned from the passage that stars today ________.

A．a(chǎn)re often misunderstood by the public

B．can no longer have their privacy protected

C．spend too much on their public appearance

D．care little about how they have come into fame

【小題2】What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A．Great heroes of the past were generally admired.

B．The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.

C．Well­known actors are usually targets of tabloids.

D．Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.

【小題3】What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?

A．Availability of modern media.

B．Inadequate social recognition.

C．Lack of favorable chances.

D．Huge population of fans.

【小題4】What is the author's attitude toward modern celebrity?

A．Sincere.	B．Sceptical.
C．Disapproving.	D．Sympathetic.

Background music may seem harmless, but it can have a powerful effect on those who hear it. Recorded background music first found its way into factories, shops and restaurants in the USA. Very soon it spread to other parts of the world. Now it is becoming difficult to go shopping or eat a meal without listening to background music.
　　To begin with, background music was intended simply to create a soothing (舒適的) atmosphere. Recently, however, it's becoming a big business. An American marketing expert has shown that music can boost(提升) sales or increase factory production by as much as a third.
　　But it has to be the light music. Lively music has no effect at all on sales. Slow music can increase receipts(收入) by 34%. This is probably because shoppers slow down and have more opportunity to spot items they would like to buy. Yet, slow music isn't always the answer. The expert found that in restaurants slow music meant customers took longer to eat their meals, which reduced overall sales. So restaurant owners might be well advised to play faster music to keep the customers moving-unless, of course, the resulting indigestion(消化不良) leads to complaints.
【小題1】Background music was first used ________.

A．in the cinemas and theatres in the USA

B．in the offices and hospitals in the USA

C．in the schools and churches in the USA

D．in the factories, shops and restaurants in the USA

【小題2】An American marketing expert has found background music can __________.

A．increase sales or factory production

B．create a soothing atmosphere

C．make people slow down

D．make people forget their worries

【小題3】Restaurant owners are advised to play ____ to increase overall sales.

A．lively music	B．loud music
C．faster music	D．slower music

People have been talking about health for a long time because people know the importance of it. People's understanding of health also becomes deeper with the progress in scientific research. Recently the term "health" has come to have a wider meaning than it used to. It no longer means just the absence of illness. Today, health means the well-being of your body, your mind and your relationship with other people. This new concept of health is closely related to another term-quality of life. Quality of life is the degree of overall satisfaction that a person gets from life.
　　Why has the emphasis of health shifted from the absence of disease to a broader focus on the quality of a person's life? One reason for this has to do with the length and conditions of life that people can now expect. Medical advances have made it possible for people today to live longer, healthier lives. Imagine for a moment that you were born in the year 1900. You could have expected on average to live until about the age of 47. In contrast, if you were born in the year 1999, you could expect to live to the age of 75.
【小題1】________ leads to people's deeper understanding of health.

A．Common knowledge	B．Better conditions of living
C．Progress in scientific research	D．Quality of life

【小題2】According to the passage, to people of today, health means ________.

A．a(chǎn)bsence of illness	B．overall satisfaction with life
C．good conditions of living	D．a(chǎn) long life

【小題3】The emphasis of health has shifted nowadays because _________.

A．people enjoy better conditions of living and they can live longer

B．people pay more attention to their physical health, not their mental health

C．people have realized the importance of mental well-being

D．people are inspired by medical advances

【小題4】This passage is mainly about __________.

A．different understandings of the term "health"

B．improving the quality of life

C．the importance of quality living

D．people's expectations of a long and healthy life

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
The Importance of Accessibility Awareness
At a recent Teen Leadership of Jewish Family Services meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives.   【小題1】  However, what amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap accommodations (殘疾人便利設(shè)施).
One school-teacher who is blind, and a woman who has used a wheelchair all her life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to raising awareness about disabilities.   【小題2】  These include handicap parking spots, handrails, and wheelchair ramps. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces.   【小題3】  And the meeting focused on educating the public.
Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked with the “No Parking” signs. “As long as I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it,” some people say. However, the woman who uses a wheelchair disagrees to this. The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car.   【小題4】  
Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. Whether it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless.   【小題5】  People who are informed of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack.
Meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about accommodations made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be fewer challenges for people with physical disabilities.

A．Accommodations will vary according to the needs of the disabled.

B．As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education.

C．They educate about all the accommodations for people with disabilities.

D．Improvement must be made so that disabled people can fully participate.

E. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful.
F. So people without disabilities need to be educated about these accommodations.
G. I was amazed to hear about the challenges faced by people with physical disabilities.

Italy is one country where beauty is prized more than any other virtue. That is, except in the small town of Piobbico, the self-declared World Capital of Ugly People. The road sign at the edge of the town even warns visitors that they are entering the ugly zone. People who consider themselves ugly have been gathering in Piobbico since the 1960s. That’s when Ugly Club president Telesforo Lacobelli established a dating agency for women who believed they were too ugly to attract husbands. Lacobelli believes that he is ugly himself because he has a short nose in a country where long or large noses have always been considered beautiful.
People from around the world travel to Piobbico to tell their sad stories of ugliness. During the annual Festival of the Ugly, which occurs on the first Sunday of every September, hundreds of people gather in Piobbico’s town square to elect the president of the Ugly Club. Lacobelli wins the election every year. The Ugly Club has over 20, 000 members. They carry ID cards that grade their ugliness from bearable to extreme. A prize is awarded to Ugly Club members who qualify as extremely ugly.
The Ugly Club president insists that ugliness is a virtue. Since beautiful people get a lot of attention for their beauty alone, they have to work hard to prove their other virtues. Ugly people, on the other hand, are genuine and do not have to prove anything to anybody, according to Lacobelli.
Lacobelli is a spokesperson for ugly people everywhere. He believes that the uglier one is, the better life can be. Though the club enjoys making fun of beauty, especially beauty contests, Lacobelli has a serious side as well. He believes that too many people suffer from financial and emotional pressures because they don’t meet society’s standards of beauty. The fact that beautiful people are more successful in the workforce is a problem that Lacobelli has attempted to bring forward to the Italian public and government.
【小題1】Piobbico is rather special in that     .

A．it is a very small town	B．it is home to ugly people
C．it receives no visitors	D．it is the capital of Italy

【小題2】Why is Lacobelli elected the president of the Ugly Club every year?

A．Because he is the ugliest person in the whole world.

B．Because his ugliness is always graded as bearable.

C．Because he is a spokesperson for ugly people everywhere.

D．Because he has won the members’ trust and admiration.

【小題3】Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．Ugly people are most respected in Italy.

B．The Festival of the Ugly is held every two years.

C．Ugly people are unfairly treated in society.

D．The uglier one is, the better life he or she lives.

【小題4】Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．The Ugly Capital of the World	B．The Ugliest Person of the World
C．Festival of the Ugly	D．Beauty Contests Should be Banned

There are many ways to find a job. It can be as easy as walking into a neighborhood store to look at its announcement board. Local stores often have areas where people can put small signs telling what kind of service they need or can provide. Such services include caring for children or cleaning houses.
Or, job searchers can look in the newspaper. Local newspapers have employment announcements placed by companies seeking workers.
Another popular tool for finding jobs is the Internet. For example, people in four hundred and fifty cities around the world can use the Craigslist Web site to buy objects, meet people or find a job. Craigslist says that it receives two million new job listings each month.
Another useful way to find a job is through a college or university. For example, students at the University of Texas in Austin can go to the Career Exploration Center to get help in finding a job. Of course, looking for a job requires knowing what kind of work you want to do. For example, there is a book called “What Color is Your Parachute (降落傘)?” by Richard Bolles. This book has been helping people choose a career (職業(yè)) since it was first published in nineteen seventy.
Some experts also help people find jobs. Susan W. Miller owns a company called California Career Services in Los Angeles. She says her company helps people find jobs by first helping them understand their strengths, goals and interests. Then she provides them with methods and resources to help them find the right job.
【小題1】What is the passage mainly about?

A．Finding a job.

B．College students’ part-time jobs.

C．Craigslist Web site.

D．The relation between study and work.

【小題2】“What Color is Your Parachute?” is a book which gives tips to those who want to _____.

A．work on the airplane	B．buy a parachute
C．publish a book	D．find a suitable job

【小題3】It can be learned from the passage that ______.

A．companies often put job information in local shops

B．the Internet is the most popular tool for job hunters in the USA

C．Susan W. Miller’s company is helping people choose careers

D．California Career Services mainly serves university students

【小題4】How many ways of finding a job are mentioned in the passage?

A．Three.

B．Four.

C．Five.

D．Six.

I’m afraid to grow old—we’re all afraid. In fact, the fear of growing old is so great that every aged person is an insult and a threat to the society. They remind us of our own death, that our body won’t always remain smooth and responsive, but will someday betray(背叛) us by aging. The ideal way to age would be to grow slowly invisible, gradually disappearing, without causing worry or discomfort to the young. In some ways that does happen. Sitting in a small park across from a nursing home one day, I noticed that the young mothers and their children gathered on one side, and the old people from the home on the other.
Whenever a youngster would run over to the “wrong” side, chasing a ball or just trying to cover all the available space, the old people would lean forward and smile. But before any communication could be established, the mother would come over, murmuring embarrassed apologies, and take her child back to the “young” side.
Now, it seemed to me that the children didn’t feel any particular fear and the old people didn’t seem to be threatened by the children. The division of space was drawn by the mothers. And the mothers never looked at the old people who lined the other side of the park. These well-dressed young women had a way of sliding their eyes over, around, through the old people; they never looked at them directly. The old people may as well have been invisible; they offended the aesthetic eye of the mothers.
My early experiences were somewhat different; since I grew up in a small town, my children had more of a nineteenth-century flavor. I knew a lot of old people, and considered some of them friends.
【小題1】People are afraid of growing old because it is usually associated with ______.

A．insult

B．threat

C．death

D．betrayal

【小題2】In the author’s opinion, it is a perfect way to ______.

A．grow old slowly and then die unnoticed

B．grow old suddenly and then die

C．shut oneself up from others when growing old

D．remain young all one’s life and then die suddenly

【小題3】It can be inferred that young mothers would try to keep their children away from the old because ______.

A．they feared their children might hurt the old

B．they didn’t like their children to take up the space belonging to the old

C．they felt it was wrong to play balls near where the old stayed

D．they didn’t want their children to have anything to do with the old

【小題4】The author believes the division between the old and the young is _____.

A．made by people	B．understandable
C．formed naturally	D．traditional

【小題5】From the passage, we learn that the author ______.

A．used to have the same experience as the young have today

B．has never been afraid of getting old

C．was quite free to know and befriend old people in his childhood

D．both B and C

My oldest child, Emma, just returned to campus after a long holiday break to finish up her last period of college. These days, friends and family have begun flooding me with one question: What is she going to do after graduation?
The job market is, after all, awfully tough. Just this month the Federal Reserve Bank published a study showing that “recent graduates are increasingly working in low-paid jobs or working part-time.” The bright spot, according to the study, is for students who majored(主修) in STEM— science, technology, engineering and mathematics — areas in which recent graduates “have tended to do relatively well”.
But Emma is a student of the humanities(人文) at a small college. She’s an American Studies major with a focus on the politics and culture of food. For quite a while, I think her field of study is so fashionable right now that I’m not the least bit worried she will find a good job. Yet the more I’ve thought about it, the more I’ve decided to be honest. “I’m not sure what Emma is going to do,” I now say. “But she’s gotten a great education and has really found her interest. — and I know those things will serve her well over the course of her life.”
Nowadays, more and more universities and colleges are being measured by the salaries of their recent graduates. In this climate, encouraging your kid to study the humanities, seems, at best, unwise or, at worst, unconcerned with earning a living. But a college is not a vocational(職業(yè)) school. And promoting STEM subjects should not be society’s only answer to helping the next generation grow in a competitive world.
From the beginning, we never urged Emma to pick a college or a major with an eye on its expected return on money, as more and more families are doing. To Emma, what really matters will be something that we may not be able to measure for quite a long time: Emma’s contribution to the world and how happy she is in it.
【小題1】The author’s friends and family_________.

A．a(chǎn)re worried about Emma’s safety

B．have been worrying about the flood

C．a(chǎn)re concerned about Emma’s future

D．a(chǎn)re worried about the job market

【小題2】What can we learn from Paragraph 2?

A．The number of the graduates is increasing.

B．STEM graduates can be better employees.

C．STEM graduates are in relatively greater demand.

D．More and more graduates like to do a part-time job.

【小題3】Why did Emma choose a major in the humanities?

A．Because she is interested in it.

B．Because her mother told her to.

C．Because it is increasingly popular.

D．Because she wants further education.

【小題4】According to the author, what matters most in choosing a major is that_________.

A．it should be among the STEM

B．it should be fashionable and interesting

C．it should allow a good job and a high salary

D．it should bring achievements and happiness

When several people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you are alone observing one behavior or a person at two different times, you may see different things. The followings are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions(感知,認(rèn)識):
(1)    Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.
(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don’t see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore the stimulus——“He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting(入店行竊).” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information ——“All kids get into mischief(頑皮). Taking a book from a bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information--- “It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”…
【小題1】The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is _____.

A．our hearing and visual abilities

B．cultural background and personal experiences

C．the experience one learns from others

D．critical measures taken by other people

【小題2】While observing a particular person,________.

A．one is likely to take all aspects into consideration

B．one pays more attention to his/her advantages

C．children often differ from grown-ups in perception

D．one tends to choose certain aspects to look at

【小題3】Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because _____.

A．they follow different standards

B．either of them may be slow to catch information

C．the time for observation is not long enough

D．each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions

【小題4】 The underlined word “stimulus” in Paragraph 4 refers to _____.

A．something attractive

B．selective perception

C．contradictory information

D．shoplifting

【小題5】The worst thing in selective perception is that ______.

A．the information received runs against your desire

B．facts can be twisted or totally ignored

C．importance of the contradictory information can be overrated (估計過高)

D．misbehaved children may not be punished

Everyone hates to wait in lines. We get that anxious feeling that our precious life is slipping away while we’re doing something so meaningless. But it’s not always the length of the wait we find so unbearable. Some people camp outside Apple stores for an entire night just to get their hands on the latest product. But waiting 10 minutes in a grocery store just to buy a drink? Forget it.
Our behavior when waiting is only partly decided by the length of the wait. “Often the psychology of queuing is more important than the statistics of the wait itself,” notes the MIT researcher Richard Larson.
One apparent aspect of queuing psychology is that we get bored when we wait in line. This issue is solved in many ways, from magazines in hospital waiting rooms to mirrors in elevators so that we can check our appearance.
We really hate it when we expect a short wait and then get a long one. But studies show that we are much more patient when we are given an idea of how long we’ll be waiting.
Walt Disney Co knows this better than anyone else. It posts estimated waiting times for attractions in its theme parks. But according to Larson, these times are overestimated so that visitors get to the front of the queue more quickly than they expect. It keeps them happy.
But perhaps the biggest influence on our feelings about waiting in a line has to do with our sense of fairness. When it comes to queues, the universally acknowledged standard is first come, first served. Any departure from this principle is regarded as unfair and can lead to violent queue anger.
You’ve probably experienced mild queue anger yourself in fast food restaurants, watching people in the other line zoom ahead of you, cursing yourself for having chosen the “wrong” line. In order to solve this problem, the serpentine(蛇形) line was invented. The serpentine line guides all customers into one big snaking queue, separated by ropes or barriers. When you reach the head of the queue, you are directed to the next available server, or teller, or customs official. The serpentine line isn’t always faster than multi-lines before an array(排) of cash registers. But it offers important comfort: you absolutely never have to see someone arrive after you and get served before you.
In life, waiting is inevitable. But a better understanding of the psychology of waiting can help make it a bit more bearable. When all else fails, bring a book or a smart phone will also do.
【小題1】In the 1st paragraph, the author intends to tell us_____.

A．why people are crazy about Apple’s products

B．people waste their precious time in queuing

C．waiting time is not the only cause for people’s hate in queuing

D．the psychology is the real reason why people hate to wait in lines

【小題2】Walt Disney Co makes people queuing happily by_____.

A．having people queue in serpentine line

B．letting people know how long they will wait exactly

C．making people queue shorter than they are informed

D．offering people magazines to read when waiting in lines

【小題3】Serpentine line was invented to_____.

A．make the waiting line move faster

B．guarantee the first-come-first-served principle

C．solve the problem of feeling bored in queuing

D．guide all customers into one big snaking queue

【小題4】The main purpose of the passage is _____.

A．to explain the advantages of serpentine line

B．to introduce ways of saving time in queuing

C．to offer an explanation of the psychology of queuing

D．to analyze the psychology of people queuing for Apple products