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Can a fish hear fishermen moving along the stream? What are the facts about the ability of a fish to see? Can they tell the difference between colors?
The sharp hearing of a fish has been proved by two scientists, who trained a fish to expect its food when it heard the sound of a whistle. And a slight sound two hundred feet away could drive fishes away. That should make fishermen start thinking.
One scientist had made experiments to prove fish can recognize different colors such as red, brown, yellow and green.
Fish also have an eye for different shapes. One scientist proved this by teaching fish to connect certain patterns with food. He used a small circle and a square. If the fish swam towards the circle, they received food as a reward. If they swam towards the square, they received nothing. The fish learned in time to go to the circle but not to the square. Does this mean that in time fish might learn to leave alone all food on hooks that they have seen often before? Here is something for all fishermen to think about!
These facts help to make more believable some of the “believe it or not” stories that have been told about fish. It is clear that fish have sometimes shown their ability to gain knowledge as man does. A good example of what we might call “thinking” by a fish is given by an experience of Dr. Andrew Gage. Fishing over a bridge, he hooked a fish. It struggled and dragged the line two hundred feet away before he stopped it. Then it swam back to the bridge. The clever fish then swam round a pile and, with a sudden push, broke the line. If the story ended there, one could say that the fish had freed itself by chance. However, Gage went on fishing. Below him he could see the fish that had broken loose. After another twenty minutes the fish again seized the food on the hook. This time it did not swim out but swam round one of the piles and again broke the line.
Many stories are told of the fish that get away and the clever “old hand” ones that can’t be caught. The more often a fish is nearly caught, the more difficult it will be to interest it next time.
【小題1】The last two paragraph’s mainly discuss _________.

A．whether a fish can think as man does

B．how a fish could escape from danger

C．how to catch a fish more easily

D．whether a fish is believable

【小題2】 What’s the best title of the passage?

A．Fish can hear and see

B．How clever is a fish?

C．Fish can play tricks

D．How scientists help fishermen.

【小題3】We can infer from the last paragraph that _________.

A．it’s difficult to catch fish;

B．fish are cleverer sometimes than fishermen

C．fish seem to learn by their experience

D．fewer people will be interested in fish

Kelly Reeves was getting ready for a trip when her phone slipped into a sink full of water. Panic moment! She quickly picked up the wet phone and tried to turn it on, but nothing worked. Her first reaction? She got dressed, drove to the nearest store, and bought a new mobile at full price.
A new study finds that fear of losing your phone is a common illness. About 66 percent of those surveyed suffer from nomophobia or “no mobile phone phobia”. Interestingly, more women worry about losing their phone than men.
Fortunately, there’s a solution.
The first step is to figure out if you have nomophobia. Checking your phone too often is one thing, but the true sign of a problem is that you can’t conduct business or go about your routine when the fear becomes so severe.
Do you go to unusual lengths to make sure you have your phone? That’s another sign of a problem. If you find you check your phone plenty of times per hour, or a total of an hour per day, there may be a problem.
Some of the treatments are similar to those for treating anxiety attacks: leaving the phone behind and not checking e-mail or text messages, and then learning to tolerate the after anxiety. Even if this leads to a high level of worry and stress, the solution is to push through the fear and learn to deal with not having your phone.
Of course, there are also technological alternatives. Luis Levy, a co-founder at Novy PR, says he uses an application called Cerberus that can automatically track the location of his phone. To find it, he can just go to a website and see the phone’s location.
He also insures his phone through a service called Asurion. The company’s description of its product reads like a prescription for anxiety：“60 million phones are lost, stolen or damaged each year. You’ll have complete peace of mind knowing that your phone is protected and you can quickly reconnect with family, friends and work, as soon as the very next day!”
【小題1】Why does the author mention Kelly’s experience in the first paragraph? 

A．To introduce the topic for discussion.

B．To inform us that mobile phones are useful.

C．To warn us that we should be careful.

D．To tell us we should get phones ready for a trip.

【小題2】The underlined word “nomophobia” in Paragraph 2 means “     ” .

A．habits of using mobile phones

B．fear of losing mobile phones

C．eagerness for new mobile phones

D．independence of mobile phones

【小題3】 Which of the following is a way to treat nomophobia?

A．Avoiding using a phone for some time

B．Learning more about modern technology

C．Protecting one’s phone against any damage

D．Not using a mobile phone in one’s daily work

【小題4】What is the passage mainly about?

A．Attitude toward mobile phones

B．New mobile phone technology

C．Disadvantages of mobile phones

D．Solutions to nomophobia

Exhausted and unhappy, you still have to squeeze a smile to your friends, or teachers. That’s just life, you may think. But new research suggests that putting on a fake smile can worsen people’s mood and even lower work efficiency.
Lead researcher Brent Scott with other researchers studied a group of bus drivers for two weeks. They tried to find out what happened when the drivers were involved in “surface acting” or fake smiling, and the opposite, “deep acting” which means people put on real smiles by recalling pleasant memories or thinking about their current situation more positively.
The results showed that on days when drivers were forced to smile, they felt depressed and didn’t want to work. On days when they smiled due to positive thoughts, their mood improved a lot as well as their work efficiency.
The research goes against the popular belief among companies that employees should be cheerful to customers at all times. They include employees of shops, banks, call center workers and others who have face-to-face contact with members of the public. “Smiling for the sake of(為了) smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion and coldness, and that’s bad for the organization,” Scott told the Daily Mail.
The study also showed that women were harmed more by fake smiling than men. Their mood and work performance both worsened more. But they were helped more by deep acting — their mood became better and they worked more efficiently.
However, while deep acting seemed to improve mood in the short term, Scott says it’s not a long-term solution for unhappiness.
“There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period that you start to feel inauthentic(不真實(shí)的),” Scott said. “You may be trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”
【小題1】Brent Scott and others’ experiments on bus drivers suggest that ______.

A．depression among bus drivers is common

B．thinking in a positive way helps with work efficiency

C．bus drivers with pleasant memories tend to be less efficient

D．the bus drivers’ work efficiency is determined by their mood

【小題2】According to the article, which of the following statements about “fake smiling” is TRUE?

A．It is good for the business but bad for the employees.

B．It doesn’t work on people who are emotionally expressive.

C．It is a widely accepted cultural practice in the US.

D．It causes more harm to women than men.

【小題3】We can conclude from the article that the researchers think that ______.

A．people should be true to their feelings

B．smiling helps to put people in a good mood and become more efficient

C．it is unnecessary to cultivate positive emotions

D．deep acting can improve mood in the long run

【小題4】The article is mainly about ______.

A．the importance of smiling during face-to-face contact

B．a(chǎn) new study on fake smiling and its influence on people

C．suggestions on improving work efficiency

D．how to cheer up when you are exhausted

We know that sugary sodas aren’t good for our bodies. Now it turns out that they may not be good for our minds, either. A new study of more than 260,000 people has found a link between sweetened soft-drinks and depression, and diet sodas may be making matters worse.
Americans drink far more sodas than people in other countries— as much as 170 liters per person per year. But the impact of this study isn’t limited to the United States. “Sweetened drinks, coffee and tea are commonly consumed worldwide and have important physical consequences. And they may have important mental-health consequences as well,” study author Dr Honglei Chen said in a statement.
The study studied 263,925 people between the ages of 50 and 71. Researchers followed their consumption of drinks like soda, tea coffee, and other soft drinks from 1995 to 1996 and then. 10 years later, asked them if they had been diagnosed with depression since the year 2000. More than 11,3000 of them had.
Participants who drank more than four servings of sodas per day were 30 percent more likely to develop depression than participants who did not drink sodas at all. People who stuck with fruit punch(雞尾酒), had a 38 percent higher risk than people who didn’t drink sweetened drinks. And all that extra sugar isn’t the actual problem. Researchers say that the artificial sweetener aspartame may be to blame.
The study found a link but could not surely determine whether sodas and other sweet soft drinks cause depression. Still, the results “are consistent with a small but growing body of evidence suggesting that artificially sweetened beverages may be linked to poor health outcomes.”
But there’s a bright side for those who can’t live without their daily sodas. Adults who drank coffee had a 10 percent lower risk of depression compared to people who didn’t drink any coffee, according to the study. “Our research suggests that cutting out or down on sweetened diet drinks or replacing them with unsweetened coffee may naturally help lower your depression risk,” said Chen.
【小題1】What has the new study of more than 260,000 people found?

A．Sugary sodas aren’t good for the physical health of old people.

B．Americans have a special tooth for sweet foods.

C．Sweetened soft-drinks may increase the risk of depression.

D．Sweetened soft-drinks have important physical consequences.

【小題2】What do we know about the process of the study?

A．About twenty-six thousand people participated in it.

B．The oldest participants were below 80 when the study was over.

C．Most of the participants had depression when the study was over.

D．The study lasted more than ten years from the beginning to the end.

【小題3】We infer that the underlined word “aspartame” in Paragraph 4 refers to something that _____.

A．can reduce the harm of sweetened drinks

B．is used to reduce the risk of depression

C．is mainly used to make fruit punch

D．is used to make something .sweet

【小題4】It is implied in the passage that ______.

A．more research is needed to confirm the new findings

B．the new findings aren’t consistent with any previous findings

C．cutting one’s sodas intake will surely reduce one’s depression

D．the new findings won’t have an impact on people’s drinking habits

【小題5】What should you drink in order to reduce the risk of depression?

A．Sodas.

B．Unsweetened coffee.

C．Sugary coffee.

D．Fruit punch.

Many cities have subways and underground public transportation to take locals and tourists alike rapidly around the city．However, there’s something different about riding a London subway．It may not look different, but the historical value of one of England’s most popular forms of transportation is enough to make riding the subway a must when visiting London．With a little under 300 different stations, the subway can take you almost anywhere you need to go．
Riding a London subway, a person from other countries will notice one major difference: in London, people do not look at each other．In fact, eye contact is avoided at all times．That’s not rudeness ―people are just too busy to bother looking．
Busy doing what, you ask? Well, they’re certainly not using the time for a moment of quiet thinking．Nor are they reading a book．New technology has replaced quiet habits．Today the only acceptable form of book on the London underground is an e-book．
Apple must earn a fortune from London commuters（使用月票上下班者）．Since the launch of the iPhone in 2007, over 40,000―yes, that’s 40,000 “apps” have been designed．
Commuters love them because they are the perfect time-fillers．One “app”, called iShoot, is a game that features tanks．Another one, Tube Exits, tells passengers where to sit on the train to be closest to the exit of their destination．iSteam clouds the iPhone screen when you breathe into the microphone．You can then write in the “steam” on your phone screen．
For those without an iPhone, another Apple product, the iPod, may be the distraction（消遣）of choice．It’s not just teenagers who “plug in” to their music－iPods are a popular way to pass the time for all ages．
And if games, e-books and music aren’t enough to keep you occupied, then perhaps you would prefer a film? The development of palm DVD technology means many commuters watch their favorite TV shows or films on the way to work．With all these distractions, it’s amazing that people still remember to get off the train．
【小題1】Those who want to save time to reach where they go can download ______ to their iPhones．

A．iShoot

B．Tube Exits

C．iSteam

D．iPod

【小題2】People in London do not make eye contact on the subway because ______

A．they are going to work and have no time to communicate with each other

B．they love reading books and do not want to be disturbed

C．they feel sleepy because of getting up early

D．they are busy playing games, reading e-books, listening to music or watching films

【小題3】The underlined word “apps” in the fourth paragraph means ______．

A．computers	B．programs downloaded for the iPhone
C．computer companies	D．fortune from London commuters

【小題4】Which word best describes the writer’s attitude towards commuters’ behaviors?

A．for

B．a(chǎn)gainst

C．neutral

D．hateful

【小題5】The main idea of the passage is that ______．

A．London commuters are unfriendly to strangers

B．Apple has earned a lot of money from selling 40,000 apps

C．technology is changing how London commuters spend their traveling time

D．riding a London subway is a must when visiting London

Legends about the development of coffee are varied and interesting, involving chance occurrences, political tricks, and the pursuit of wealth and power.
According to one story, a sheepherder named Kaldi, as he tended his sheep, noticed the effect of coffee beans. He noticed that the sheep became excited after eating the red “cherries" from a certain plant when they changed pastures (牧場). He tried it himself, and was soon as overactive as his sheep. Another story relates that a monk happened to discover that this fruit from the shiny green plant could help him stay awake.
Another legend gives us the name for coffee, “mocha”. Omar, an Arabian was thrown to the desert with his followers to die of starvation. In desperation, Omar had his friends boil and eat the fruit from an unknown plant. Not only did the soup save the group, but the residents of the nearest town, Mocha, took their survival as a religious sign. The plant and its beverage (飲料) were named Mocha to honor this event.
Coffee was introduced much later to countries beyond Arabia, whose inhabitants believed it to be a tasty thing and guarded its secret as if they were top secret military plans. The government forbade transportation of the plant out of the Moslem nations. The actual spread of coffee was started illegally. One Arab named Baba Budan smuggled (走私) beans to some mountains near Mysore, India, and started a farm there. Early in this century, some of those original plants were found still growing fruitfully in the region.
Coffee today is grown and enjoyed worldwide, and is one of the few crops that small farmers in third-world countries can profitably export.
【小題1】What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?

A．A sheepherder used coffee beans to keep sheep excited.

B．Coffee was a special kind of red cherry from a certain plant.

C．A sheepherder and a monk accidently discovered coffee’s effect.

D．Sheep ate a lot of coffee beans while they changed pastures.

【小題2】Which of the following involves political tricks?

A．Kaldi’s story.	B．The monk’s story.
C．Omar’s story.	D．Baba Budan’s story.

【小題3】Mocha is originally the name of ______.

A．a(chǎn) town

B．a(chǎn)n Arabian

C．a(chǎn) kind of coffee

D．a(chǎn) sheepherder

【小題4】What can be the best title for the text?

A．The Secret of Coffee	B．The Tales of Coffee
C．People’s Love for Coffee	D．The Function of Coffee

 

Pupils remember more and behave better when 3D images are used in lessons, research suggests. They are quicker to learn and absorb new concepts, and display higher levels of concentration.
Professor Anne Bamford, of the University of the Arts, London, studied the effectiveness of 3D content in 15 schools across seven countries, including the UK. Pupils in 3D classes could remember more than those in the 2D classes after four weeks, improving test scores by an average 17 percent compared with eight percent for 2D lessons. They gave more detailed answers to the tasks and were more likely to think in 3D, using hand gestures and mime (模仿動(dòng)作) to answer the test questions successfully.

The teachers commented that the pupils in the 3D groups had deeper understanding, increased attention span, more motivation and higher engagement in the lessons
Children are used to 3D with the rise of computer games that use the technology—90 percent of those in the study had seen a 3D film. Schools would need 3D-enabled projectors（投影儀）, laptops with good picture capabilities, 3D software and glasses for children to introduce animations (動(dòng)作) into classrooms.
But Danny Nicholson, an educationist, said the technology would be impractical to use in schools and could be too expensive. He said,“While I think the idea of 3D technology is very interesting, I worry that 3D is a bit of an expensive gimmick (小玩意兒). There are a few cases where a true 3D image might help, but most of the time, good 2D models that can be moved , would be just so effective.”
In Colorado, the US, one school district is already in the process of having 1,000 3D projectors fixed in classrooms. And the University of Caledonia, which carries out scientific research into the Lake Tabon Basin, has used 3D presentations with Grade Six pupils. Those who watched the 3D presentations were more engaged and reported a general increase in their interest in science compared with students who watched the 2D version.
【小題1】Teachers think pupils in 3D classes      .

A．a(chǎn)re naughtier than those in 2D classes	B．have less motivation
C．find it hard to concentrate	D．have deeper understanding

【小題2】Danny Nicholson tends to think that      .

A．many pupils prefer 2D models

B．3D is a bit expensive for some schools

C．true 3D images would not help in classes

D．3D technology has a bright future in classes

【小題3】What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．3D classes will soon be given in one school district in Colorado.

B．Teachers will use the 3D technology through specific training.

C．Many pupils are now more interested in science than before.

D．3D technology will replace 2D models in the future.

【小題4】What is the text mainly about?

A．2D models are always more effective than 3D images.

B．The differences between 3D and 2D images.

C．How schools can make full use of 3D technology.

D．Pupils behave better when 3D images are used in classes.

【小題5】Where is the text most probably taken from?

A．A history book.	B．A news story
C．A science magazine.	D．A school report.