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(2013·高考新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，C)Given that many people’s moods (情緒)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate，it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine.Looking like a setting from the film Charlie&the Chocolate Factory，Singapore’s Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.Its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents’ corner store with one hand almost always in the jar of sweets.
If the CRF seems to be a smart idea，that’s because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi’s and Sony.That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored (味道) chocolates.
The CRF’s produce is “green ”，made within the country and divided into 10 lines，with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.The Exotic Series－with Sichuan pepper，red bean (豆)，cheese and other flavors－also does well and is fun to taste.And for chocolate_snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others，the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo，Cuba，Venezuela，and Ghana，among others.
【小題1】What is good about chocolate?

A．It serves as a suitable gift.

B．It works as an effective medicine.

C．It helps improve the state of mind.

D．It strengthens business relations.

【小題2】Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF?

A．He knows the importance of research.

B．He learns from shops of similar types.

C．He has the support of many big names

D．He has a lot of marketing experience.

【小題3】Which line of the CRF produce sells best?

A．The Connoisseur Series.

B．The Exotic Series.

C．The Alcohol Series.

D．The Sichuan Series.

【小題4】The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who________.

A．a(chǎn)re particular about chocolate

B．know little about cocoa beans

C．look down upon others

D．like to try new flavors

(2013·高考安徽卷，B)Using too much water or throwingrubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You may wonder how paving(鋪砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.
Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺)．Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall，but in any case，good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.
Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too.In the United States，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live，but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.
You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with，use the same glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher (洗碗機(jī))only when it is full.Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.
【小題1】Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?

A．Using river water.

B．Throwing batteries away.

C．Paving parking lots.

D．Throwing rubbish into lakes.

【小題2】What can be inferred from the text?

A．All water shortages are due to human behavior.

B．It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.

C．There is much we can do to reduce family size.

D．The average family in America makes proper use of water.

【小題3】The last paragraph is intended to________.

A．show us how to fix leaks at home

B．tell us how to run a dishwasher

C．prove what drinking glass is best for us

D．suggest what we do to save water at home

【小題4】The text is mainly about________.

A．Why paving roads reduces our water

B．how much we depend on water to live

C．why droughts occur more in dry climates

D．how human activity affects our water supply

(2013·高考福建卷，B)Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone，and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch.Some in the city can’t wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.
“ I’d use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a．m.and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open，”said Walter Choo,40，of Fort Greene.
The smartphone­like glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600，the Times said，possibly including a variation of augmented(增強(qiáng)的) reality，a technology already available on smartphones and tablets (平板電腦) that overlays information onto the screen about one’s surroundings.So，for example，if you were walking down a street，indicators would pop_up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.
“As far as a mainstream consumer product，this just isn’t something anybody needs，”said Sam Biddle，who writes for Gizmodo.com.“ We’re accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things，”he added，“and the average consumer isn’t gonna be able to afford another device (裝置) that’s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”
9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub，who has been reporting on the smartphone­like glasses since late last year，said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.
“It’s just like smartphones 10 years ago，”Weintraub said.“A few people started getting emails on their phones，and people thought that was crazy.Same kind of thing.We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones，and it’s unnatural，”he said.“ There’s gonna be improvements to that，and this a step there.”
【小題1】One of the possible functions of the smartphone­like glasses is to ________.

A．program the opening hours of a bar

B．supply you with a picture of the future

C．provide information about your surroundings

D．update the maps and GPS in your smartphones

【小題2】The underlined phrase“pop up”in the third paragraph probably means“ ________”．

A．develop rapidly

B．get round quickly

C．a(chǎn)ppear immediately

D．go over automatically

【小題3】According to Sam Biddle，the smartphone­like glasses are ________.

A．necessary for teenagers

B．a(chǎn)ttractive to New Yorkers

C．a(chǎn)vailable to people worldwide

D．expensive for average consumers

【小題4】We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphone­like glasses ________.

A．may have a potential market

B．a(chǎn)re as common as smartphones

C．a(chǎn)re popular among young adults

D．will be improved by a new technology

(2013·高考浙江卷，C)The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby.Almost from the moment it is born，the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large，warm，and soft object in its environment，particularly if that object also gives it milk.After a week or so，however，the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on“mother”—the real mother or the mother­substitute(母親替代物)．
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby.The Harlows，a couple who are both psychologists，discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother­substitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature，the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother.However，if the wire model was heated，while the cloth model was cool，for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother­substitutes as their favorites.Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？Something that the Harlows called contact(接觸)comfort seems to be the answer，and a most powerful influence it is.Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins，putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can.Whenever the young animal is frightened，disturbed，or annoyed，it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body.Wire doesn’t “rub” as well as does soft cloth.Prolonged(長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的)“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows，the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust.If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother，the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be.It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball.If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom，the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life.After a few minutes of contact comfort，it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from the mother­substitute and begins to explore the toys，but often rushes back for a deep embrace(擁抱)as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well.Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”．
【小題1】Psychologically，what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?

A．Warmth.	B．Milk.
C．Contact.	D．Trust.

【小題2】After the first two weeks of their life，baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is________.

A．larger in size

B．closer to them

C．less frightening and less disturbing

D．more comfortable to rub against

【小題3】What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged“contact comfort”？

A．Attention.	B．Softness.
C．Confidence.	D．Interest.

【小題4】It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure，________.

A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys

B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards

C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting

D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around

【小題5】The main purpose of the passage is to ________.

A．give the reasons for the experiment

B．present the findings of the experiment

C．introduce the method of the experiment

D．describe the process of the experiment

(2013·高考新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，B)The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert (警覺)．Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another，this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝視) starts to lose its focus—until a third，with three black spots，is presented.Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three，just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment，but with three spots shown before two，shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make，as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three，or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two；likewise (同樣地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
【小題1】The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s________.

A．sense of hearing	B．sense of sight
C．sense of touch	D．sense of smell

【小題2】Babies are sensitive to the change in________.

A．the size of cards	B．the colour of pictures
C．the shape of patterns	D．the number of objects

【小題3】Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?

A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.

B．To see how babies recognize sounds.

C．To carry their experiment further.

D．To keep the babies’ interest.

【小題4】Where does this text probably come from?

A．Science fiction.

B．Children’s literature.

C．An advertisement.

D．A science report.

New research has revealed that which song drivers listen to can influence how safe they are on the roads.Among the top ten safest songs to drive to are Come Away With Me by Norah Jones，I Don't Want to Miss a Thing by Aerosmith and Tiny Dancer by Elton John.Each of the songs has an optimum tempo(最佳節(jié)奏) for safe driving，imitating the human heartbeat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute.The Scientist by Coldplay and Justin Timberlake's Cry Me a River also appeared in the top 10.
The study，conducted at London Metropolitan University，also revealed the type of songs that cause motorists to drive dangerously.Unsurprisingly，music that is noisy increases a driver's heart rate，which can be deadly.Fast beats cause excitement that can lead people to concentrate more on the music than on the road and to speed up to match the beat of the song.Styles of music were also measured during the experiment and revealed differences between male and female drivers.Hip­hop made a female driver drive far more aggressively，speeding up faster than male driver.The heavy metal music caused the fastest driving among males in the group while the dance music had the same effect among women.The male and female drivers who listened to the classical music drove the most irregularly.
The experiment involved eight people driving 500 miles each using the confused.com MotorMate app，which monitored driving behaviors through GPS technology.
【小題1】What's the main idea of the whole passage?

A．Songs that drivers prefer to listen to on their way.

B．A study made by the confused.com MotorMate app.

C．What kind of songs the drivers should choose to listen to during driving.

D．Female drivers and male drives have different responses to the same music.

【小題2】The underlined word “monitored” in the last paragraph means________．

A．controlled

B．banned

C．modeled

D．showed

【小題3】．Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．Tiny Dancer by Elton John appeared in the top 10.

B．Usually human hearts beat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute.

C．The classical music makes most drivers drive comfortably and safely.

D．The passage reveals appropriate music and improper music for drivers.

【小題4】If there is another paragraph in the end of the passage，the author may mention________．

A．female and male drivers' popular tastes of music

B．how did the study carry out

C．why fast beat music is harmful to drivers

D．some music with optimum tempo for driver to enjoy

Hu Li's heart sank due to the color of the air.Driving 140 kilometers from Tianjin City to Beijing last week，she held her breath as the air became a charcoal grey haze(炭灰色的陰霾)．The 39­year­old businesswoman has lived in Beijing for a decade，and this past month，she said，brought the worst air pollution she has ever seen.It gave her husband a cough and left her seven­year­old daughter housebound(足不出戶)．“My husband as well as I is working here，so we have no choice，” she said.“But if we had a choice，we'd like to escape from Beijing.”
The extended heavy pollution over the last month，which caused punishment in return for a day last week－called the “airpocalypse” by internet users－ has largely changed the way that Chinese think about the country's air.On one day，pollution levels were 30 times higher than levels considered safe by the World Health Organization (WHO)．Flights were cancelled.Roads were closed.One hospital in east Beijing reported they had treated more than 900 children for breathing issues.Bloomberg found that for most of January，Beijing's air was worse than that of an airport smoking area.
The smog's(煙霧) most threatening aspect is its high concentration(濃度) of PM 2.5 － particulate matter that is small enough to breathe deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream，causing breathing infections，lung cancer and possibly damaging children's development.The WHO has estimated that outdoor air pollution accounts for two million deaths per year，65% of them in Asia.
【小題1】Which conclusion can we draw from the first paragraph?

A．Hu Li is living in Beijing.

B．Hu Li traveled to Tianjin for business.

C．The haze is harmful to people.

D．The pollution is the worst in Beijing's history.

【小題2】The haze affected people mainly in________．

A．the way they traveled

B．the opinion about national air

C．the way they lived their life

D．the life style of internet

【小題3】From the passage we know high concentration of PM 2.5________．

A．can lead to choke

B．can cause heart cancer

C．will damage children's development

D．will damage people's organ

【小題4】What's the best title for the passage?

A．Hu Li's attitudes to Beijing's haze

B．The damages of Beijing's haze

C．WHO suggests improving Beijing's air

D．What caused air pollution in Beijing

Many people are concerned about the state of the earth in terms of its energy supplies and changing climate.The clear message broadcast by all responsible governments is that every person has a part to play.Here are some detailed instructions.
1．Prevent pollution by disposing(清理) of all your litter and waste in the correct，legal way，such as using on­street waste receptacles(容器) when you are out and about，or putting it in your domestic rubbish can when you're at home.Follow local procedures for normal waste disposal.Contact your local authority for advice on disposing of unusual waste items，such as paint and computer parts.
2．Recycle all materials that can be processed by your local authority.Place plastics，metals，paper and glass in the correct collection receptacles.Donate unwanted items to the charities that are happy to accept good condition clothing，furniture and even automobiles.
3．Look after reserves of water by making sure you turn off the tap after use and by repairing leaks(滲漏) and drips.Purchase water­efficient appliances.Take showers instead of baths.Gather rainwater for garden use and use your lawn sprinkler less often or not at all.
4．Save energy by choosing Energy Star products.Turn these off，as well as lights，when you don't need them to be on.Use air condition and heating less often.Make sure your home is insulated correctly to maintain a steady temperature.
5．Reduce the amount of the material you use.Print emails occasionally or not at all rather than printing them every time.You buy new things when you actually need them rather than on a whim(心血來潮)．Organize a car pool with friends to use fuel efficiently.
In a word，we should try to use the world's resources efficiently to protect the environment.
【小題1】When you have a walk in the park，you________．

A．can throw away the waste freely

B．had better take along the waste

C．can throw the waste into rubbish can

D．should put the waste in your domestic rubbish can

【小題2】Which can't be recycled according to the passage?

A．Metal.	B．Glass.
C．Automobiles.	D．Paint.

【小題3】Why should you take showers instead of baths?

A．Because it is comfortable.	B．Because it can save lots water.
C．Because it can gather water.	D．Because it is convenient to use.

【小題4】What's the main idea of the whole passage?

A．How to protect the environment?

B．Reduce the amount of the material you use.

C．Some instructions in energy supplies.

D．Why should each play a part in saving energy?

Bad teeth may be painful and it’s getting worse without treatment. They can even ruin your life. Illness of the teeth can find its way into the blood system. This can increase the chances of a heart disease or other illnesses.
Experts say good care for teeth should start at birth. Mothers’ milk is the best food for the healthy development of teeth.
But dentists say a baby’s mouth and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding. Use a cloth with a little warm water. Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give him only water.
When baby’s teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. Young children often eat toothpaste (牙膏) when they brush, so they should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth.
Parents often ask what effect thumb sucking (咬手指) might have on their baby’s teeth. Experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their thumbs by the age of four. If it continues, parents should talk to their children’s dentist or doctor.
Dentists say children should have their first dental visit by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear usually at around six months.
【小題1】Why should people pay attention to teeth problems?

A．They can cause other illnesses.

B．They will bring bad luck.

C．They will bring the family much trouble.

D．They usually last a long time.

【小題2】 According to the writer, baby’s teeth should be protected from the day ______.

A．he begins to speak	B．he has his first tooth
C．he was born	D．he is fed with bottle milk

【小題3】The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refers to “_____”.

A．toothache

B．parents’ trouble

C．thumb sucking

D．experts’ advice

Eyesight problems are common among all ages and if they are left untreated, they can cause serious headaches or other problems. The good news is that most eyesight problems can easily be sorted out by wearing glasses.
Regular eye tests are important for everyone. Children and teenagers, under the age of 16 and up to the age of 19 for those full-time education, have the right to have eye tests for free in Britain. As the eye test is free, there’s no excuse for not having a regular eye test. Doctors suggest that it’s better to have an eye test about once a year.
Wearing glasses isn’t always regarded as all that cool and teens who suddenly need to wear glasses may find it difficult to accept. If they’ve grown up wearing glasses, then they may be more used to it. However, if your eyes are in poor health, not wearing glasses can put even more pressure on your eyes and could make them even worse.
Thankfully, the days of little choice of glasses frames (框架) for teenagers are gone and there’s now a wide selection of frames. If a teen does need to wear glasses, then it’s good to let him or her choose the type, as he or she will be able to choose something he or she feels comfortable. Don’t forget to be guided by the experts on glasses too.
【小題1】 According to the text, teens in the UK ______.

A．have few eyesight problems

B．can design their own glasses

C．change their glasses very often

D．can check their eyes without paying

【小題2】How often do doctors suggest teens to have an eye test?

A．Once a month.	B．Once every six months.
C．Once a year.	D．Twice a year.

【小題3】It can be learned from the text that teens ______.

A．find it difficult to buy comfortable glasses

B．prefer to wear cool glasses at an early age

C．a(chǎn)re advised to wear glasses if their eyesight is poor

D．think they are much cooler when wearing glasses

【小題4】In the past, teens who wanted to buy glasses ______.

A．were unable to find the right glasses

B．only had a few styles to choose from

C．could not find an expert to ask for advice

D．were worried about the quality of glasses