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閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。

　　Some fifty years ago, I was studying in a middle school in New York．One day, Mrs．O’Neil gave a maths test to our class．When the papers were marked, she found that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes in the test．

　　There is nothing new about cheating in exams．Perhaps that was why Mrs．O’Neil didn't even say one word about it．She only asked the twelve boys to stay after class．I was one of the twelve．

　　Mrs．O’Neil asked no questions, and she didn't scold us, either．Instead, she wrote the following words on the blackboard：On your way home you find some money and you’re completely sure that you will never be found out．Later someone comes to ask you if you have found some money he lost．What will you do?

　　She then ordered us to write down the question, and asked us to take our whole lives to try to find out our own answer to it．

　　I don't know about the other eleven children．Speaking for myself I can say：it was the most important single thing of my life．From then on, I have been asking this question to myself when I have to make a decision．

　　Because of this, Mrs．O’Neil has become the most unforgettable teacher for me in my whole life．I often think of this：if Mrs．O’Neil had scolded us as many other teachers often did, would I go on cheating every day?

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閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。

　　Everyone needs friends．We all like to feel close to someone．It is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh and do things with．Surely, there are times when we need to be alone．We don't always want people around．But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend．

　　No two people are the same．Sometimes friends don't get along well, which doesn't mean that they no longer like each other．Most of the time they will go on being friends．Sometimes friends move away, then we feel very sad．We miss them much, but we can call them and write to them．Maybe we would never see them again, and we can make new friends．It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them．Families sometimes name their children after a close friend．Many places are named after men and women, if they are friendly to people in a town．Some libraries are named this way．So are some schools．We think of these people when we go to these places．

　　There's more good news for people, if they have friends．These people live longer than those people if they don't have friends．Why? It could be that they are happier．Being happy helps you stay well．Or it could be just knowing that someone cares, if someone cares about you, you take better care of yourself．

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閱讀理解

　　Meeting people from another culture can be difficult．From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal(信號)．Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship．

　　Different cultures emphasize(強調)the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree．For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust．Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in "small talk", usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job．In many European countries-like the UK or France-people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office．

　　Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures．I once made a speech in Thailand．I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence．The people present just stared at me and smiled．After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much．In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary．

　　Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems．Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly．We think that they are rude．In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly．

　　People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other．However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment(多元文化環(huán)境)will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other．

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　　Andrew Ritchie, inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle, once said that the perfect portable bike would be “l(fā)ike a magic carpet…You could fold it up and put it into your pocket or handbag”．Then he paused：“But you'll always be limited by the size of the wheels．And so far no one has invented a folding wheel．”

　　It was a rare-indeed unique-occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right．A 19th-century inventor, William Henry James Grout, did in fact design a folding wheel．His bike, predictably named the Grout Portable, had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces．All the bits fitted into Grout's Wonderful Bag, a leather case．

　　Grout's aim：to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train．Now doesn't that sound familiar? Grout intended to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel：his bike was a huge beast．And importantly, the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage：in Grout's day, tyres were solid, which made the business of splitting a wheel into four separate parts relatively simple．You couldn't do the same with a wheel fitted with a one-piece inflated(充氣的)tyre．

　　So, in a 21st-century context, is the idea of the folding wheel dead? It is not．A British design engineer, Duncan Fitzsimons, has developed a wheel that can be squashed into something like a slender ellipse(橢圓)．Throughout, the tyre remains inflated．

　　Will the young Fitzsimons's folding wheel make it into production? I haven't the foggiest idea．But his inventiveness shows two things．First, people have been saying for more than a century that bike design has reached its limit, except for gradual advances．It's as silly a concept now as it was 100 years ago：there's still plenty to go for．Second, it is in the field of folding bikes that we are seeing the most interesting inventions．You can buy a folding bike for less than ￡1,000 that can be knocked down so small that it can be carried on a plane-minuscule wheels, of course-as hand baggage．

　　Folding wheels would make all manner of things possible．Have we yet got the magic carpet of Andrew Ritchie's imagination? No．But it's progress．

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閱讀理解

　　Nearly everyone is shy in some ways．If shyness is making you uncomfortable, it may be time for a few lessons in self-confidence．You can build your confidence by following some suggestions from doctors and psychologists．

　　Make a decision not to hold back in conversations．What you have to say is just as important as what other people say．And don't turn down party invitations just because of your shyness．

　　Prepare yourself for being with others in groups．Make a list of the good qualities you have．Then make a list of ideas, experiences, and skills you would like to share with other people．Think about what you would like to say in advance．Then say it．

　　If you start feeling self-conscious in a group, take a deep breath and focus your attention on other people．Remember, you are not alone．Other people are concerned about the impression they are making, too．

　　No one ever gets over being shy completely, but most people do learn to live with their shyness．Even entertainers admit that they often feel shy．They work at fighting their shy feelings so that they can face the cameras and the public．Just making the effort to control shyness can have many rewards．But perhaps the best reason to fight shyness is to give other people a chance to know more about you．

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　　Since the early 1990s, the Internet has greatly changed the way people communicate．But some teachers think the changes are not all for the better．

　　Eleanor Johnson, an English professor at Columbia University in New York, says, “I think text messaging has made students believe that it is far more acceptable than it actually is to just make spelling and grammatical mistakes．”She says her students over the past several years have increasingly used less formal English in their writing．She says words and phrases like “you know” now appearing research papers．And she now has to talk about another problem in class-incorrect word use．

　　Professor Johnson doubts a strong connection between the rise of communication online and an increase in writing mistakes．But she admits there may not be much scientific proof, at least not yet．

　　David Crystal, a British language expert, says the actively changing nature of the Internet makes it difficult to stay unchanged in studying its effects．But he believes its effect on language is small．He says, “The main effect of the Internet on language has been to increase the expressive richness of language, providing the language with a new set of communicative content that didn't exist in the past．”

　　Erin Jansen, founder of an online dictionary of Internet and text messaging terms, says his new technology has not changed existing language but has greatly added to the vocabulary．“Basically it is a freedom of expression,” she says, “If it is helping them write more or communicate more, that is great．That is what teachers and educators want-to get students communicating．”

　　But Erin Jansen and David Crystal agree with Eleanor Jonson on at least one thing．Teachers need to make sure students understand the uses and rules of language．

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　　Recently a professor of philosophy in the United States has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life．He has discovered that how we deal with money in our day to day life has more meaning than we usually think．One of the exercises he has asked his students to do is to keep a record of every penny they spend for a week．From the way they spend their money, they can see what they really value in life．

　　The professor says our relation with others often becomes clearly defined(明確)when money enters the picture．You might have wonderful friendship with somebody and you think that you are very good friends．But you will know him only when you ask him to lend you some money．If he does，it brings something to the relationship that seems stronger than ever before．Otherwise it can suddenly weaken the relationship if he doesn't．

　　Since money is so important to us, we consider those who are rich to be very important．The professor interviews some rich people in his research for his book．Question：What is the most surprising thing you have discovered about being rich?Answer：The most surprising thing is why people give me so much respect．I am nothing．I don't know much．All I am is rich．

　　People just have an idea of making more and more money, but what is it for?How much money do I need for any given purpose in my life?In his book，the professor uncovered an important need in modern society：to bring back the idea that money is a tool rather than the end．

　　Money plays an important role in the material world，but expecting money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life．

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　　An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old son．Suddenly a crow(烏鴉)landed on their window．

　　The father asked his son, “What is that?”

　　The son replied, “That is a crow．”

　　After a few minutes, the father asked his son for the second time, “What is that?”

　　The son said, “Father, I told you just now．It is a crow．”

　　After a little while, the father asked his son the same question for the third time, “What is this?”

　　This time his son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again?I have told you already．‘IT IS A CROW．' Are you not able to understand this?”

　　A minute later the father went to his room and came back with a diary, which he had kept since his son was born．On opening a page, he asked his son to read that

　　page：

　　Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow suddenly landed on the window edge．My son asked me 23 time what it was, and I replied him 23 times that it was a crow．I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question．I did not at all feel angry, but instead felt affection for my son．

　　If you parents reach old age, do not look at them as a burden, but speak to them gently, and be kind to them．From today say this aloud, “I want to see my parents happy forever．They have cared for me ever since I was a little child．They have always showered me with love．I will take care of my old parents in the BEST way no matter how they behave．”

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　　Why is setting goals important?Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in life．Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen．

　　Successful people imagine how their life should be and set lots of goals．By setting goals you are taking control of your life．It's like having a map to show you where you want to go．Think of it this way．There are two drivers．One has a destination in mind(her goal)which can be found on a map．She can drive straight there without any wasted time or wrong turns．The other driver has no goal or destination or map．She starts off at the same time from the same place as the first driver, but she drives aimlessly around, never getting anywhere, just using up gas．Which driver do you want to be?

　　Winners in life set foals and follow through on then They decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and setting goals Unsuccessful people just It's up to you to find out what your goals really are You are the one who must decide what to achieve and in what direction to aim your life．

　　Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more likely to achieve it．Written goals can be reviewed regularly, and have more power．Like a contract with yourself, they are harder to neglect(忽略)or forget．Also when you write your goals in a particular way, you are able to make yourself continuously aware of situations that will bring you nearer to your goals．

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閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。

　　The largest-ever chariot pit(戰(zhàn)車坑)of relics with carts and horse bones has been discovered in Henan Province．It may lead to the uncovering of chariot pit groups that could be a key to understanding Chinese civilizations that existed more than 2, 000 years ago．

　　Experts said the relics are dated more than 300 years earlier than the famous warriors(武士)in Shanxi Province．What excited the experts were two other projects that located two huge pits with similar features．

　　“It is absolutely a miracle．These relics indicate that there could be a tomb group in this area, which is likely to be important for China's archaeological(考古學的)studies, ” said Ma Juncai, a leading relic researcher in the province．

　　In ancient China, carts, sheep, spoons and so on were buried to ensure that dead peope had a happy afterlife．The number and quality of the sacrifices indicated the social status of the dead．The custom was carried into Qin Dynasty．Emperor Qinshihuang's tomb, located near Xi’an, the capital of Shanxi Province, is accompanied by thousands of wood or clay figures of warriors and horses．The tomb is probably the most well-known．

　　The discovered pit measures 10.4 meters long, 8.4 meters wide and 5 meters deep．It holds 20 carts in different sizes．The smallest one is 1.05 meters long and 1.3 meters wide．

　　Experts think that 40 horses are likely to be found as well．Careful plans need to be made to deal with the demanding uncovering．“The clay is very weak and a small misstep can destroy the whole project．That's why we need to take every step very carefully to protect these cherished cultural relics, ” Ma said．

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