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閱讀理解

　　The key to reaching or staying at a healthy weight is regular exercise and good eating habits．Teens should get 60 minutes or more of physical activity a day．Note the word“activity”．As long as you’re getting your body moving, it dosen’t have to mean doing complicated exercises or going to the gym every day．All that matters is that each week you get the right balance of activity, including aerobic(有氧健身法的)，strength building, and flexibility(柔韌性)exercise．Make exercise a habit by scheduling some every day．

　　On days when you have soccer practice or an aerobics class, you may have no trouble exercising for an hour or more．But most of us are busy, and 60 minutes a day of activity seems like a lot of time．The good news is that it’s OK to divide it into shorter“exercise breaks” throughout the day．

　　Just as you might have a healthy snack to stop yourself getting hungry, exercise snacks can keep energy level high．So get up 15minutes early and do some yoga or other stretching(伸展)activity．Fast walk or jog for 15 minutes at lunch．Do the same thing after school ---or walk or bike home．Add to that taking the stairs, gym class, and walking between classes during the day, and your’ve probably reached your 60 minutes．

　　Here are 5 simple ways to make an exercise lifestyle change：

　　1．Start today．Go outside for a walk．

　　2．Take the stairs instead of the elevator．

　　3．Instead of driving, walk or bike to places like school or a friend’s house．

　　4．Vacuum(用真空吸塵器清掃)your room, wash the car, or mow the lawn．

　　5．Limit your time watching TV, using the computer, or playing video games－and when you do play, try interactive games that get you moving．

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　　On June 5, 1981 the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, U．S．a(chǎn)nnounced the presence of a rare, infectious disease in five American homosexuals(同性戀)．Soon doctors were finding similar cases all over the country and the world．The AIDS epidemic(流行病)had officially begun．By 1983 it was clear that AIDS had spread around the world．More than twenty years later, AIDS has left twenty-six million dead and another forty million infected． AIDS has become the worst medical disaster ever experienced by mankind．

　　Hundreds of young people between the ages of 20 and 45 died each week during the early years of the U．S．AIDS．More than 600,000 cases of AIDS have been reported since 1981 in the United States, and it is estimated that there may be as many as 900,000 Americans infected with HIV．

　　Though the rate of HIV infections continues to increase in the United States, the number of AIDS cases has fallen sharply since 1996, when antiretroviral drugs came onto the market．Unfortunately, the AIDS epidemic continues today in Africa and much of Asia, where antiretroviral treatment is not available and health care is far from enough．AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and the No．1 cause of death due to infectious disease．

　　HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was first separated in 1983 by a team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris．That discovery made it possible to develop a test for AIDS and trace back to victims who may have died before doctors were aware of the disease．

　　However, scientists still don't know exactly how and where AIDS started．Finding the source of AIDS could be important in developing a vaccine(疫苗)and be important in mapping the future course of the epidemic．

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　　Feeling tired lately? Has the doctor said he couldn’t find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong．

　　Then consider this, you might be in a state of subhealth．(亞健康的狀況)

Subhealth, also called the third state or grey state, is explained as a border line state between health and disease．According to an investigation(調查)by the National Health Organization, over 45％ of subhealthy people are middle-aged or elderly．The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam time．

Symptoms(癥狀)include a lack of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia(失眠), and poor memory．Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs．

　　The key to preventing and recovering form subhealth, according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits, alternate work with rest, exercise regularly and take part in open-air activities．

　　As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar．They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and fish because they are rich in nutritional elements－vitamins and trace elements(微量元素)－that are important to the body．

　　Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive system．They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health．

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　　A man once said how useless it was to put advertisements in the newspapers．“Last week,”said he,“my umbrella was stolen from a London church．As it was a present, I spent twice its worth in advertising, but didn’t get it back．”

　　“How did you write your advertisement?” asked one of the listeners, a merchant(商人)．

　　“Here it is,” said the man, taking out of his pocket a slip(紙片)cut from a newspaper．The other man took it and read,“Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening, a black silk umbrella．The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings(先令)on leaving it at No．10 Brand Street．”

　　“Now,” said the merchant,“I often advertise, and find that it pays me well．But the way in which an advertisement is expressed is of extreme importance．Let us try for your umbrella again, and if it fails, I’ll buy you a new one．”

　　The merchant then took a slip out of his pocket and wrote：“If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesn’t wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No.10 Brand Street．He is well-known．”

　　This appeared in the paper, and on the following morning, the man was astonished(震驚的)when he opened the front door．In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors that had been thrown, and his own was among them．Many of them had notes fastened to them saying that they had been taken by mistake, and begging the loser not to say anything about the matter．

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　　We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job．This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech．

　　So, you have to give a speech-and you’re terrified．You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience．Later you think,“Thank goodness, it’s over．I’m just no good at public speaking．I hope I never have to do that again．”

　　Cheer up! It doesn’t have to be that bad．Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making．Ask yourself the purpose of your speech．What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject．Spend plenty of time doing your research．Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow．Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly．Never forget your audience．Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them．Treat your audience with respect．They will appreciate your thoughtfulness．

　　Just remember： be prepared．Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion．Be brief．Say what you have to say and then stop．And be yourself．Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience．

　　If you follow these simple steps, you’ll see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking．In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens．

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閱讀理解

　　Being able to multitask－doing several things at the same time－is considered a welcome skill by most people．But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again．

　　What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(電子產(chǎn)品)as they study．While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their ipods．In a sense, they spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask．

　　Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members．As young people give so much attention to their own worlds, they seem to have no time to spend with the other people around them．They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at family table．

　　Multitasking also affects young people's performance at university and in the workplace．When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反應)．However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive．Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills．They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills．Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work．

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閱讀理解

　　When I was a child, I often dreamed of the time when I could leave home and escape to the city．We lived on a farm, in the winter especially, we were quite cut off from the outside world．As soon as I left school, I packed my bags and moved to the capital．However, I soon discovered that my life has its disadvantages too．

　　One big disadvantage is money．It costs so much to go out, not to mention basics like food and housing．Another disadvantage is pollution．I suffer from asthma(哮喘), and the air is so dirty that I am afraid to go outside．Then there is the problem of traveling round．Although I have a car, I seldom use it because of the traffic jams．One choice is to go by bicycle, but that can be quite dangerous．

　　Of course there are advantages．First, there is so much to do in the city, whatever you tastes in culture or entertainment(娛樂活動)．Besides, there are wonderful jobs and greater chances of moving to a more important job or position．Finally, if you like shopping, the variety of goods is very surprising－and, what is more, shops are often only a short walk away．

　　Is life better then, in the city? Perhaps it is, when you are in your teens(十幾歲)or twenties．However, as you get older, and especially if you have small children, the peace of the countryside may seem preferable．I certainly hope to move back there soon．

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閱讀理解

　　I arrived at my mother's home for our Monday family dinner．The smells of food flew over from the kitchen．Mother was pulling out quilt(被子)after quilt from the boxes, proudly showing their beauties．She was preparing for a quilt show at the Elmhurst Church．When we began to fold and put them back into the boxes, I noticed something at the bottom of on box．．I pulled it out．“What is it?”I asked．

　　“Oh?”Mon said,“that's Mama's quilt．”

　　I spread the quilt．It looked as if a group of school children had pieced it together： irregular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right．

　　“Grandmother made this?”I said, surprised．My grandmother was a master at making quilts．This didn't certainly look like any of the quilts she had made．

　　“Yes, right before she died．I brought it home with me last year and made some changes,”she said．“I'm still working on it．See, this is what I've done so far．”

I looked at it more closely．She had made straight a crooked line．At the center of the quilt, she had stitched(縫)a piece of cloth with those words：“My mother made many quilts．She didn't get all line straight．But I think this is beautiful．I want to see it finished．Her last quilt．”

“Oh, this is so nice, mom,”I said．It occurred to me that by completing my grandmother's quilt, my mother was honoring her own mother．I realized, too, that I held in my hands a family treasure．It started with the loving hands of one woman, and continued with the loving hands of another．

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