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　　The China National Opera(CNO)will give a concert to celebrate its 50th birthday．

　　Different generations of CNO vocalists, like Li Guangxi, Yao Hong and Ma Mei, will present the concert which will feature both songs from famous Chinese operas like“The White-haired Girl”and“The Hundredth Bride”, as well as arias(詠嘆調(diào))of such Western opera classics as“Madame Butterfly”,“La Traviata”and“Rigoletto”．

　　Time/date：7∶30 pm, September 7, 8

　　Location：Tianqiao Theatre

　　Tel：6551-4787, 8315-6170

　　Tickets：60-500 yuan(US ＄7.2-60.2)

　　A concert will be held to feature some recently composed traditional Chinese music works．

　　The concert, given by the Folk Orchestra of the China Opera and Ballet Theatre, will include such pieces as“Memory of Childhood”,“Memorial Ceremony for God”and“Wine Song”．

　　Time/date：7∶30 pm, September 13

　　Location：Concert Hall at the National Library of China

　　Tel：6848-5462, 6841-9220

　　Tickets：30-200 yuan(US ＄3.6-24.1)

　　A concert of traditional Chinese music will be given on the eve of the Moon Festival which falls on September 21^st this year．

　　The concert will feature a number of famous pieces centred on the theme of the moon, such as“Moonlight”,“Spring Night on a Moonlit River”and“Lofty Mountain and Flowing River．”

　　A number of established traditional Chinese music performers, like Zhou Yaokun and Fan Weiqing, will play solos as well as collaborate with the folk music orchestra．

　　Time/date：7∶30 pm, September 21st

　　Location：Grand Theatre of the Cultural Palace of Nationalities

　　Tel：6606-8888, 6606-9999

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閱讀理解

　　Today, people all over the world are moving out of small villages in the country to go and live in big, noisy cities．They are moving from the peaceful hills, mountains, fields, rivers and streams of the countryside to the busy world of streets, buildings, traffic and crowds．This movement from rural areas to urban areas has been going on for over two hundred years．

　　In many countries, the main reason why people come to live in towns and cities is work．After one or two large factories have been built in or near a town, people come to find work, and soon an industrial area begins to grow．There is usually a residential area nearby where the factory workers can live．The families of these workers need schools, hospitals and shops, so many people come to live in the area to provide these services and a city grows．

　　In every major city in the world, there is a business district where the big companies have their main offices．In the United States, this area is usually in the city center．It is here that you can see the huge skyscraper office blocks．The people who work here often travel a long way to work each day．Many of them live in the suburbs of the city, far away from the industrial area and the city center．Some suburbs are very pleasant, with nice houses and big gardens．There are usually parks for children to play in and large department stores where you can buy all you need．

　　But what is the future of the big cities?Will they continue to get bigger and bigger?Perhaps not．Some major cities have actually become smaller in the last ten years, and it is quite possible that one day we will see people moving out of the major cities and back into smaller towns and villages．

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　　As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex．

　　Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department(人事部)is interested in discussions with the employees about pay．

　　If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation(估價(jià))and ways of measuring the performance of its employees．In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers．

　　In job evaluation, all the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description．Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in“points”, which are added together to give a total value for the job．For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems．

　　Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points．

　　In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare the value of each job with those in the job market．It should also consider economic factors such as the cost of living and the labor supply．

　　It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed．Where it is simply to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen; for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed．

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　　The following form shows the result of a survey(調(diào)查)of parents from five countries, who were asked why children are important to them．They were required to choose three main reasons from seven dealing with personal interests, family relations and social responsibility(責(zé)任)．Each number in the form is the percentage(％)of parents who chose that particular item(項(xiàng))as one of their three reasons．Therefore, the most common for Japanese parents are strengthening family ties(Item D, 51％), learning from the experience(Item E, 60％), and raising responsible citizens(Item, G 45％)．

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　　SOUTHPORT, ENGLAND－A British teaching union famous for strange ideas has supported a plan to employ dogs as classroom assistants．

　　At the yearly conference of the Professional Association of Teachers in Southport, northwest England, one person suggested properly trained dogs be able to keep order in primary schools．They can round up lost children and protect those who experience unfortunate“accidents”．Wendy Dyble, a Sheetland Islands woman who teaches children up to age seven, made it clear to her fellow friends that she was not“barking mad”．They obviously believed her, supporting her idea by 16 votes to 13, with a total of 63 abstentions(棄權(quán))．

　　She said big dogs could help round up children, keep them in line, lick up the milk they spill on the floor and provide the extra eyes that a teacher needs to keep order．“A big dog would also be helpful for stopping flights and look for lost property, like gym shoes or dolls,”Dyble said at the conference．“The dog will also be useful in sniffing out(find out)smells that children do not own up to,”she added．“It would be nice for the teacher not to have to go round sniffing each child to find the criminal．”

　　The idea was welcomed by the Dog Defense League but less by bigger teaching unions．A spokesman for Education Secretary, David Blunkett, who is blind, said his guide dog was always popular with pupils when he visited schools．The Professional Association of Teachers, with around 35,000 members, is the smallest teaching union in Britain．It has an honor for occasional strange ideas．

　　Earlier this week, its yearly conference here suggested stopping exams because they lead to stress and introducing selection at the age of 12 based on physical coordination(調(diào)整)and manual(手工的)skill．

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　　What should you think about when you try to find your career?You are probably better at some school subjects than others, These may show strengths that you can use in your work．A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in engineering career．A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work．So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school．On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard．Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value．

　　Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work．You may be good at mental work or cookery(烹調(diào)術(shù))and look for a job where you can improve these skills．

　　If you have had a part-time job on Saturday or in the summer, think what you gained from it．If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers．You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example．Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job．

　　Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself．You may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures．It is bitter to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist．Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background．You should not feel sorry about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work．

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　　The Galapagos a far-away archipelago(群島)and largely untouched by man, is now facing a problem．Its local people, who live on the island of Santa Cruz, want to develop the business and tourist potential(旅游資源)of the island．Recently, they are locked in a bitter struggle with the naturalists who work at the Charles Darwin Centre, also on Santa Cruz．The naturalists want to protect the island’s wildlife which is already suffering as a result of human activity．

　　The animals’ great threat used to be sailors who, hundreds of years ago, robbed the islands for food．They wiped out about 250,000 Giant Tortoises．For example, on Pinta, one of the smallest islands, there are no Giant Tortoises left at all．The last survivor, an 80-year-old Giant Tortoise called Lonesome George, lives under the protection of naturalists at the Darwin Centre．

　　Today, the island’s animals are no longer hunted for food．But other dangers have replaced the threat from sailors．Goats, for example, introduced over the years by man, have gone wild．With no natural enemies, their number has reached 10,000 on the largest of the Galapagos islands, Isabella．They are eating huge quantities of plants, and robbed the remaining Giant Tortoises of food．The problem is now so bad that the National Park Service has hired hunters to kill the goats in order to save the Giant Tortoise from dying out．

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　　Let’s step back in time．As a child whose family lives along the Nile thousands of years ago, your name would be made up of several words．Each morning you would wake up to the sun-not an alarm clock-and start the day with prayer to the main god of your town．You would wear good luck charms to make things go well and make the gods happy．

　　After a big breakfast, which has to last you until the evening meal, you would go to work with your parents．Boys would go with their fathers and girls with their mothers, learning the jobs their parents did and helping them with their work．Only scribes and doctors went to school．When payday comes, your parents receive baskets full of food and clothing from the people they work for．Your family doesn’t miss having money, because there is no such thing．

　　Boys learn the songs the men sing to make their work enjoyable．Girls and women are often musicians and gymnasts, celebrating life through music and dance．

　　When harvest time comes, everyone helps in the field．Girls toss grain and corn high in to the wind to clean it．Boys bundle crops and put them inside baskets．There is lots of work to do in old Egypt, but also time for play．On the way back from the fields you might stop for a swim in the Nile River or one of the canals．

　　If you were sick you would be taken to a priest in the temple called The House of Life．The priest would feel your head and then his own, so he could compare the temperatures．If you were sick, he would stand over you and chant a magical spell, speaking directly to your illness．Then he might give you healing plants or potions to eat which often smelled or tasted very bad．Ancient Egyptian doctors figured that awful medicine might make the illness want to leave the child’s body．Some herbs and plants that these ancient doctors used are still used today－like drinking chamomile tea for an upset stomach．

　　Your family pet might be a little monkey that followed you around all day, a protective goose, a cat, or a dog．Pet owners would often have their pets mummified at death．

　　Common toys in ancient Egypt were：balls made of linen rags wrapped around each other, tied with string, and painted; games like checkers; dolls made of cloth and clay; and little animal pull toys made of wood．

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　　TODAY, Friday, November 12

　　JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby Arms．Upper Richmond Road West, Sheen．

　　DISCO Satin Sounds Disco．Free at The Lord Napier, Mort lake High St．, from 8a．m．to 8p.m. Tel：682－1158．

　　SATURDAY, November 13

　　JAZZ Lysis at The Bull’s Head, Barnes．Admission 60p．

　　MUSICAL HALL at The Star and Garter, Lower Richmond Road, Putney, provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall company．Good food and entertainment fair price．Tel：789－6749．

　　FAMILY night out?Join the sing-along at The Black Horse．Sheen Road, Richmond．

　　JAZZ The John Bennett Big Band at The Bull’s Head, Barnes．Admission 80p．

　　THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion．Tel：789－4536

　　SUNDAY, November 14

　　DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m．

　　FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms．The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio．Non-remembers 70p．Tel：688－4626．

　　HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bull, Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen．

　　THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion．

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　　Years ago, when I started looking for my first job, wise advisers advised, “Barbara, be enthusiastic!Enthusiasm will take you further than any amount of experience．”How right they were!

　　“Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm．”Wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson．It is the paste that helps you hang on there when the going gets tough．It is the inner voice that whispers,“I can do it!”When others shout,“No, you can’t!”It took years and years for the early work of Barbara Mclintock, a geneticist who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in medicine, to be generally accepted．Yet she didn’t stop working on her experiments．Work was such a deep pleasure for her that she never thought of stopping．

　　We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiastic wonder and it is this childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such youthful air, whatever their age．At 90, cellist Pablo Casals would start his day by playing Bach．As the music flowed through his fingers, his stooped shoulders would straighten and joy would reappear in his eyes．As author and poet Samuel Ulman once wrote,“Years wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul．”

　　Enthusiastic people also love what they do, regardless of money or title or power．Patricia Mellratl retired director of the Missouri Repertory Theater in Kansas City, was once asked where she got her enthusiasm．She replied,“My father, long ago, told me，I never made a dime until I stopped working for money．”

　　If we cannot do what we love as a full-time career, we can as a hobby．Elizabeth Layton Wellsville，Kan，was 68 before she began to draw．This activity ended periods of depression that troubled her for at least 30 years and the quality of her work led one critic to say,“I am tempted into a genius．”

　　We can’t afford to waste tears on“might-have-been”．We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after“what-can-be”．We need to live each moment whole-heartedly, with all our senses－finding pleasure in the sweet smell of a back-yard garden, the simple picture of a six-year-old, the beauty of a rainbow．

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