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  Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for two weeks. When he came to analyze their embarrassing errors, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groups.

    One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly.” It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. “But somehow the action got reversed（顛倒）in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures.”

   Twenty percent of all errors were “test failures” — mainly due to not verifying the progress of what the body was doing. A man about to get his car out of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them on — much to his surprise. A woman reported, “I got into the bath with my socks on.”

   The commonest problem was information “storage failures”. People forgot the names of people whose faces they knew, went into a room and forgot why they were there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.

   The research so far suggests that while the central processor of the brain is liberated from second-to-second control of a well-practiced routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be gotten by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors.

1.The purpose of the professor’s research is to __________.

    A. show the difference between men and women

    B. sort and explain some errors in human actions

    C. find the causes which lead to computer failures

    D. compare computer functions with brain working

2.Which of the following might be grouped under “programme assembly failures”?

    A. A woman went to a shop and forgot what to buy.

    B. A man returning home after work left his key in the lock.

    C. A lady fell as she was paying attention to each step her feet were taking.

    D. An old man, with his shoes on, was trying to put on his socks.

3.The underlined word “verifying” (in paragraph 3) can be replaced by “_______”.

    A. improving          B. changing     C. checking       D. stopping

4.According to the passage, the information “storage failure” refers to “_______”.

   A. information collecting system being destroyed

   B. one’s total memory being removed

   C. the loss of part of one’s memory for a time

   D. the separation of one’s action from words

I made a pledge (發(fā)誓) to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a loving husband and father. Totally loving. No ifs, ands or buts.

The idea had come to me as I listened to a talk on my car radio. The speaker was quoting a Biblical (圣經(jīng)) passage about husbands being thoughtful of their wives. Then he went on to say, “Love is an act of will. A person can choose to love.” To myself, I had to admit that I had been a selfish husband. Well, for two weeks that would change.

And it did. Right from the moment I kissed Evelyn at the door and said, “That new yellow sweater looks great on you.”

“Oh, Tom, you noticed,” she said, surprised and pleased. Maybe a little puzzled.

After the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Evelyn suggested a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, but then I thought, “Evelyn’s been alone here with the kids all week and now she wants to be alone with me.” We walked on the beach while the children flew their kites.

So it went. Two weeks of not calling the Wall Street firm where I am a director; a visit to the shell museum though I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, that’s how the whole vacation passed. I made a new pledge to keep on remembering to choose love.

There was one thing that went wrong with my experiment, however. Evelyn and I still laugh about it today. On the last night at our cottage, preparing for bed, Evelyn stared at me with saddest expression.

“What’s the matter?” I asked her.

“Tom,” she said in a voice filled with distress, “do you know something I don’t?”

“What do you mean?”

“Well… that checkup I had several weeks ago… our doctor… did he tell you something about me? Tom, you’ve been so good to me… am I dying?”

It took a moment for it all to sink in. Then I burst out laughing.

“No, honey,” I said, wrapping her in my arms. “You’re not dying; I’m just starting to live.”

1.In the first paragraph, “No ifs, ands or buts” probably mean ________.

A. unnecessarily       B. unconditionally        C. impossibly             D. unintentionally

2.From the story we may infer that Tom drove to the beach cottage ________.

A. alone             B. with his family           C. with Evelyn  D. with his children

3.During the two weeks on the beach, Tom showed more love to his wife because ________.

A. she looked lovely in her new clothes                    

B. she was seriously ill

C. he was determined to be a good husband

D. he had made a lot of money in Wall Street

4. By saying “I’m just starting to live,” Tom means that ________.

A. he is beginning to feel regret for what he did to his wife before

B. he lived an unhappy life before and is now starting to change

C. he is just beginning to understand the real meaning of life       

D. he is just beginning to enjoy life as a loving husband

任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。

Do we need an “Ivy League(常春藤聯(lián)盟)”?

China may soon have its own “Ivy League”, with a union of top universities.

The term originally referred to an athletic conference of eight top universities in the northeastern US. The Chinese version, which was officially started in mid-October, consists of nine famous universities, including Peking, Tsinghua, Zhejiang and Fudan.               The union is supposed to result in student exchange programs, recognition of academic achievements, and other joint programs.

The news of this Chinese “Ivy League” has received mixed responses from the public and press. Some negative critics have dismissed it as yet another example of the wishful copying of international practices without fully understanding them. Others say that the “Ivy League” is not necessary but that the union is a good idea, one that could promote academic development.

So what’s your opinion on a Chinese “Ivy League”? Do we need one?

Yes. Ivy League or not, nine of China’s best universities cooperating is a good thing.

These universities combining resources could create a better environment for students and for research. It could also save a lot of time and resources because it would mean fewer unnecessary investments for some of the universities.

Allowing students to move to or have exchanges with other universities could broaden their horizons, improve their social skills and create more employment opportunities. The results could be more important than lessons and achievements.

The term “Ivy League” carries a sense of academic excellence, tradition and reputation. If borrowing such a term could encourage students’ and professors’ mental state and improve Chinese higher education, then there’s no reason not to do it.

No.Universities should do some work on increasing cooperation instead of copying an “Ivy League” model.

Many Chinese universities already have such cooperation with each other. If this cooperation were associated with the “Ivy League”, it would just distract (分散) attention and resources and have a negative effect.

These Chinese universities are all state-run and most get their funding from the government. They’re quite similar to each other in many ways and more cooperation wouldn’t bring about as much potential ability as between , say, public and private, or Chinese and foreign universities.

China should find its own way to develop world-class universities instead of by copying some foreign practices. We have our own unique conditions and foreign lessons often don’t apply well here.

書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）

假定你是李華，看到班上有部分同學(xué)在完成作業(yè)時(shí)，不自己獨(dú)立完成而是抄襲他人的作業(yè)，針對這種現(xiàn)象，請你以My opinion on copying others’ homework為題談?wù)勀阕约旱目捶ā?/p>

注意：1、短文必須包括所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；

2、短文標(biāo)題與開頭已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)：

3、詞數(shù)： 150字左右。

My opinion on copying others’ homework

It is known to us all that some students copy others’ homework. _______

Having studied in America for three years, the young man didn’t change much, ________ a bit fatter.

  A. only to get       B. only getting       C. to have got        D. having been got

With all the money ________, the man had to make a living by begging.

  A. run out          B. to run out         C. used up       D. to use up

It was Mr Zhang that helped us out of the trouble. Without his help, we ______ it so easily.

  A. can’t manage                     B. mustn’t have managed   

C. couldn’t have managed             D. couldn’t manage

________ is know to us all is that the old worker, for _______ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his seventies.

  A. As; whom       B. What; whose        C. It; whose        D. What; whom

The ground is wet all over, so I’m sure it must have rained last night, ________?

  A. wasn’t it        B. didn’t it           C. isn’t it           D. doesn’t it

I’m sorry to tell you that we will not tell you the results of the survey until we have looked through all the _______.

  A. directions      B. instructions       C. data        D. standards