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We now think of chocolate as sweet, but once it was bitter. We think of it as a candy, but once it was a medicine. Today, chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen dessert, or just a snack. Sometimes it’s an ingredient(配料) in the main course of a meal. Mexicans make a hot chocolate sauce called mole and pour it over chicken. The Mexicans also eat chocolate with spices like chili peppers.

Chocolate is a product of the tropical cacao tree. The beans taste so bitter that even the monkeys say “Ugh!” and run away. Workers must first dry and then roast the beans. This removes the bitter taste.

The word “chocolate” comes from a Mayan word. The Mayas were an ancient people who once lived in Mexico. They valued the cacao tree. Some used the beans for money, while others crushed them to make a drink.

When the Spaniards came to Mexico in the sixteenth century, they started drinking cacao too. Because the drink was strong and bitter, they thought it was a medicine. No one had the idea of adding sugar. The Spaniards took some beans back to Europe and opened cafes. Wealthy people drank cacao and said it was good for the digestion.

In the 1800s, the owner of a chocolate factory in England discovered that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao. It quickly became a cheap and popular drink. Soon afterwards, a factory made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate. Later on, another factory mixed milk and chocolate together. People liked the taste of milk chocolate even better.

Besides the chocolate candy bar, one of the most popular American snacks is the chocolate chip cookie. Favorite desserts are chocolate cream pie and, of course, an ice cream sundae with hot fudge sauce.

1.It was ________that discovered sugar could remove the bitter taste of cacao.

2.According to the passage which of the following statements is true?

3.The Spaniards think that cacao was a medicine because________

4.Which is the right time order of the events regarding chocolate?

a. Chocolate became a cheap and popular drink in England.

b. A factory made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate.

c. The Spaniards started drinking cacao.

d. It was found that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao.

e. A factory mixed milk and chocolate together.

5.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A federal agency on Tuesday called for a ban on all cellphone use by drivers -- the most far-reaching recommendation up to now — saying its decision was based on a decade of investigations into distraction-related(與分散注意力有關的) accidents, as well as growing concerns that powerful mobile devices are giving drivers even more reasons to look away from the road.

As part of its recommendation, the National Transportation Safety Board is urging states to ban drivers from using hands-free devices, including wireless headsets. No state now has made laws to ban such activity, but the Board said that drivers faced serious risks from talking on wireless headsets, just as they do by taking a hand off the wheel to hold a phone to their ears.

However, the concern was heightened by increasingly powerful phones that people can use to send e-mails, watch movies and play games.

"Every year, new devices are being on sale." she said. "People are attracted to update their Facebook page, to play music with cellphone, as if sitting at a desk. But they are driving a car."

The agency based its recommendation on evidence from its investigation of numerous crashes in which electronic distraction was a major contributing factor.

Ms. Hersman said she understood that this recommendation would be unwelcome in some circles, given the number of drivers who talk and text. But she compared distracted driving to drunken driving and even smoking, which required wholesale cultural shifts to change behavior.

"It's going to be very unpopular with some people." she said. "We're not here to win a popularity contest. We're here to do the right thing. This is a difficult recommendation, but it's the right recommendation and it is time."

The agency's recommendation is not required for states to adopt such a ban. And it won't likely be agreed upon by state lawmakers who are unwillingly to anger those who have grown accustomed to using their device behind the wheel.

The ban also deserves attention because it is the first call by a federal agency to end the practice completely, rather than the partial ban that some lawmakers have put in place by allowing hands-free talking.

1.The ban on all cellphone use by drivers was put forward______.

2.From the second paragraph we know that now______.

3.We can know from the passage that______.

4.Ms Hersman thinks that distracted driving, drunken driving and smoking______.

5.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

We all remember seeing hitchhikers, standing by the side of the road, thumb, sticking out, waiting for a lift. But it is getting rare nowadays. What killed hitchhiking? Safety is often mentioned as a reason. Movies about murderous hitchhikers and real-life crime have put many drivers off picking up hitchhikers. That no single women picked me up on my journey to Manchester no doubt reflects the safety fear: a large, strangely dressed man is seen as dangerous.

But the reason may be more complex: hitchhiking happens where people don’t have cars and transport services are poor. Plenty of people still hitchhike in Poland and Romania. Perhaps the rising level of car ownership in the UK means the few people lift hitchhiking are usually considered strange. Why can’t they afford cars? Why can’t they take the coach or the train?

Three-quarters of the UK population have access to a car; many of the remainder will be quite old. The potential hitchhiking population is therefore small. Yet my trip proves it’s still possible to hitchhike. The people who picked me up were very interesting-lawyer, retired surgeon, tank commander, carpenter, man who live in an isolated farmhouse and a couple living up in the mountains. My conclusion is that only really interesting people are mad enough to pick up fat blokes in red, spotted scarves. Most just wanted to do someone a good turn; a few said they were so surprised to see a hitchhiker that they couldn’t help stopping.

The future of hitchhiking most likely lies with car-sharing organized over the Internet, via sites such as hitchhikers.org. But for now, you can still stick your thumb out (actually, I didn’t do much of that, preferring just to hold up my destination sign) and people-wonderful, caring, sharing, unafraid people-will stop.

In the UK, with its cheap coaches and reasonable rail service, I don’t think I’ll make a habit of it. But having enjoyed it so much, I’m ready now to do a big trip across Europe and beyond. In the 1970s a female friend of my wife’s hitchhiked to India. How wonderful it would be to have another go, though Afghanistan might be a challenge. I wish I’d got that tank commander’s mobile number.

1.The author tried to hitchhike but was rejected by single women drivers because          .

2.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

3.The “fat blokes in red, spotted scarves” in Paragraph 3 most likely means    .

4.According to the author, future hitchhikers are more likely to                .

5.From the last paragraph, we know that the author         .

閱讀下列應用文及相關信息，并按照要求匹配信息。

首先請閱讀下列人們在工作和生活中出現的一些身體不適癥狀：

A. How much sleep you need

Sleep cycles & stages, lack of sleep.

Getting the hours you need to sleep consist of a series of distinct cycles and stages that restore and refresh your body and mind.

Even minimal sleep loss takes a toll on your mood, energy, efficiency and ability to handle stress.

B. Panic attacks and panic disorder

A panic attack is a sudden surge of overwhelming anxiety and fear. Left untreated, panic attacks can lead to panic disorder and other problems. They may even cause you to withdraw from normal activities. But panic is treatable and the sooner you seek helps, the better.

C. How to stop worrying

Continuous doubts and fears are paralyzing, not motivating or productive. Worrying can be, when it spurs you to take action, helpful to solve a problem. You need self-help strategies for anxiety relief.

D. Generalizes anxiety disorder

Everyone gets worried sometimes, but if you have a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), worries and fears are so constant that they interfere with your ability to function and relax..

E. What you need to know about anti-anxiety drugs

Under guidance from a health professional, medication can relieve some of the symptoms of anxiety, but it requires non-drug treatments to produce lasting changes and continuing relief from anxiety. Medication doesn’t cure the underlying problem and is usually not a long-term solution. Anxiety medications also come with side effects and safety concerns, including the risk of addiction..

F. Understanding stress

Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress isn’t always bad. In small doses, it can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best. But when you’re constantly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pay the price.

以下是相關人物介紹， 請把人物與其要求對的身體不適癥狀匹配起來。

46．Jane seldom goes out. Her heart may pound violently and she may stop breathing. She may feel dizzy and sick to her stomach. She may even feel like she’s dying or going crazy. That may even cause her to withdraw from normal activities. With the help of her doctor, she can reduce or eliminate the symptoms of panic and regain control of her life.

47. Thomson is a middle-aged architect.  He used to be quick-minded and could come up with good ideas in group meetings. But recently, he finds it difficult to have a good design and he has much more hesitation before taking action, which worried him a lot. After lots of thinking, Thomson decides to try solving his problem himself first.

48. James is a 100% workaholic. As the boss of a small firm competing with other big companies, James feels that he’d better work 24/7 or he may never succeed, or even worse, fail. So he and his employers often work overtime. But lately, James finds himself not as efficient as before and even dozes off during the day. He is always tired and sleepy. Worse still, he is under a lot of stress.

49．Linda is a single working mum who is showing symptoms of anxiety. She is talking to her doctor and she is weighing the benefits of taking drugs against its drawbacks. Her doctor insists that other therapies and lifestyle changes may help her. So she must make a careful decision whether to take drugs or change her lifestyle.

50. Sandy is a journalist of a fashion magazine, who has to spend a lot of time looking for interesting news and stories every day. She has to present high-quality articles before deadlines and her boss, the chief editor, is quite demanding and harsh on her. She used to think that stress urged her to work more productively but now it seems more than she can take.

請根據以下內容給校報寫一篇英語短文，介紹我市“天然氣車輛（natural gas vehicles）”的情況。

[寫作要求]

只能用5個句子表達全部內容。

[評分標準]

句子結構準確，信息內容完整，篇章連貫。

閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。

Does Jay Belong in a textbook?

The fact that there are pop lyrics (明星作品) in textbooks show’s that students’ tastes are now being considered.

Yin Yue: Pop singers represent a part of our culture. That popular songs are selected for our books is a sign of progress. What’s more, this move will bring pop culture in contact with traditional culture.

Yu Kuntian: It’s not a bad idea. Pop songs in Chinese textbooks show that the authorities are trying to cater for teenagers. It may not have been a good idea to choose Jay Chou, but it is a start.

Pop songs in textbooks will mislead students.

Li Ning: It’s terrible. What we need are classics to improve our literary skills, not badly-written lyrics. As far as I am concerned, they have no place in our formal studies.

Teng Fan: I don’t think it’s a good idea. When educators include Jay Chou’s songs in Chinese textbooks, they are saying that he represents a literary standard to aspire (渴望) to. Also, including his lyrics means excluding work of more obvious merits(價值)。

【寫作內容】

1. 以約30個詞概括上文的內容；

2. 以約120個詞表達你對明星作品是否應該被教科書采用的看法，并包括如下要點：

(1) 你是否認為明星作品應該被教科書采用？原因是什么？

(2)你認為如今的教科書的選材是否需要什么改變？

【寫作要求】

1. 在作文中可以使用自己親身的經歷或虛構的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內容， 但不得直接引用原文中的句子。

2. 作文中不能出現真實姓名和學校名稱。

【評分標準】

概括準確，語言規(guī)范，內容合適，篇章連貫。

The movie Transformers 3 brought in 1.2 billion dollars in 2011, which was ________ new height in ________ director’s career.

   A. a; a        B. a; the     C. the; a      D. the; the

—Why, my new computer is rubbish! Five hours has passed and it still hasn’t finished the downloading.

  —Don’t worry. You know, sometimes the Internet ________ be very slow.

  A. can         B. may           C. should     D. must

Young children are often advised not to spoil their appetite by eating sweets ________ the three meals.

  A. among       B. during         C. between  D. through

According to the original design, the plant would be able to _______ at least 8,000 pianos a year.

  A. bring out     B. take out         C. put out              D. work out