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Why are we addicted to upgrades? According to Donald Norman, American author of the book The Design of Everyday Things, “planned obsolescence”（計(jì)劃性報(bào)廢） is the trick behind the upgrading culture of today’s consumer electronics industry.

The New York Times cited Norman last month, saying that electronics manufactures strategically release new upgrades periodically, both for hardware and software, so that customers on every level feel the need to buy the newest version.

“This is an old-time trick– they’re not inventing anything new,” he said.

Thomas Wensma, a Dutch designer, despises the “planned obsolescence” of companies, as recently reported by UK-based The Guardian.

Wensma said this is a wasteful system through which companies – many of them producing personal electronics – release shoddy products simply because “they know that, in six months or a year, they’ll put out a new one”.

But the new psychology of consumers is part of this system, as Wensma said to the newspaper: “We now want something new, something pretty, the next shiny thing.”

____________________

“It’s to the damage of the consumer and the environment,” as the New York Times quoted Norman. “But perhaps to the betterment of the stockholder.”

In its most recent fiscal(財(cái)務(wù)的) year, Apple’s profit margin was more than 21 percent, reported the Los Angeles Times. At Hewlett-Packard, the world’s biggest PC manufacturer, it was only 7 percent.

“Steven Jobs pushed the principle of ‘planned obsolescence’ to new heights,” the newspaper commented on the company’s profits and marketing strategy. “Apple’s annual upgrades of its products generate sales of millions of units as owners of one year’s MacBook or iPhone line up to buy the newest version, even when the changes are incremental.”

Peer pressure

As to Li Jijia, the need for upgrading his smart phone comes mainly from friends and classmates. When the majority of friends are switching to the latest devices, he worries about feeling left out.

“Some apps and games require better hardware to run,” said Li. “If you don’t join in, you lose part of the connection to your friends.”

1.Donald Norman believes that electronics makers strategically release new upgrades periodically because __________.

A．customers need the latest version          B．technology is developing so fast

C．they want to invent something new          D．they can make a lot of money

2.Thomas Wensma’s attitude to the “planned obsolescence” is __________.

A．positive           B．negative          C．indifferent         D．neutral

3.What subtitle can best fit into the blank in the text?

A．Huge profits                           B．Apple’s principle

C．Environmental damage                   D．Marketing strategy

4.The writer takes the example of Li Jijia to show that __________.

A．the new psychology of consumers is also to blame for the wasteful system

B．young people are always fond of something new, pretty and shiny

C．if you don’t upgrade your smart phone, you will lose contact with your friends

D．needs of consumers help to promote the development of electronics industry

閱讀下列各小題，根據(jù)漢語提示，用句末括號(hào)內(nèi)的英語單詞完成句子，并將答案寫在答題上的相應(yīng)題號(hào)后。

1.__________________ that you may have made the wrong choice?（occur）

你是否曾經(jīng)想到過也許你做出的是錯(cuò)誤的選擇？

2.The explosions at the Boston Marathon are reported __________________ and over a hundred injuries. (cause)

據(jù)報(bào)道，波士頓馬拉松爆炸事件導(dǎo)致了三人死亡和一百多人受傷。

3.He has given us several phone calls, ___________________ his sincerity and determination. (convince)

他給我們打了好多通電話，這讓我們相信了他的真誠和決心。

4.Before becoming prime minister, Mrs Thatcher ____________________ several cabinet posts. (occupy)

在成為首相之前，撒切爾夫人已出任過好幾個(gè)內(nèi)閣職位。

5.________________ in the investigation was a great shock for everybody. (confirm)

調(diào)查中所證實(shí)的事情讓每個(gè)人大吃一驚。

6.Tom opened the door, and there _________________ who he had seen twice. (stand)

湯姆打開門，門口站著一個(gè)女孩，他曾見過兩次。

7.His desire that __________________ actually keeps everybody away from him. (obey)

他想要每個(gè)人都順從他，事實(shí)上卻使得每個(gè)人都遠(yuǎn)離他。

8.It was not until months later _________________ living all alone without family and friends around. (adapt)

直到數(shù)月之后他才適應(yīng)了沒有家人和朋友在身邊獨(dú)自生活。

9.The more he insisted he was innocent, ________________ believe him. (seem)

他越堅(jiān)稱自己無辜，他們似乎越不相信他。

10.In those rough times mistakes, which _______________, were crowding in at the same time and my life was totally messed up. (avoid)

在那些諸事不順的日子里，本可以避免的錯(cuò)誤全都同時(shí)發(fā)生了，我的生活完全一團(tuán)糟。

請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示，結(jié)合你生活中的一個(gè)事例，用英語寫一篇短文。

There is a crack in everything, and that is how the light gets in.(Leonard Cohen, a Canadian singer)

注意：①無須寫標(biāo)題，不得照抄英語提示語；

②除詩歌外，文體不限；

③內(nèi)容必須結(jié)合生活中的一個(gè)事例；

④文中不得透露個(gè)人姓名和班級(jí)；

⑤詞數(shù)為120左右。

Actually it’s one’s _____________ rather than one’s diploma that counts when applying for a job. The HR manager attaches importance to your practical abilities.

A．commitment       B．competence       C．potential          D．patent

It struck me like a blow when I saw his ___________ on the legal document which sold our house to another family.

A．identifications                          B．initials

C．recognitions                           D．characteristics

 At the end of the term, you should reflect yourself over what you have ____ and what is left undone, and make up your new year plan.

A．a(chǎn)ccumulated       B．a(chǎn)ccommodated     C．a(chǎn)ttained           D．a(chǎn)bandoned

After years’ study with the help of Professor Henry Higgins, Eliza was able to________various levels of English usages, such as standard and substandard.

A．indicate           B．differ             C．distinguish         D．mark

Jack narrowly fell off the cliff, but managed to__________ until help came.

A．keep on          B．hang on           C．live on            D．count on

 Wang Haijian, Hubei bombing principal, was shot to death for his leading role in __________ a homemade bomb near a branch of state-owned China Construction Bank in Wuhan on Dec. 1, 2011.

A．set off            B．set aside          C．set down          D．set out

Of all the __________ entertaining TV programs nationwide, So You Think You Can Dance on Shanghai Dragon TV is my favorite. I’ll definitely tune in on Sunday evening.

A．moral            B．a(chǎn)rbitrary          C．conventional       D．current