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It seems hard to watch someone yawn and not to yawn ourselves. Even reading about yawning can make you do it. Now, a new study has found why yawning has such a powerful force.

Yawning when others yawn, the study suggests, is a sign of pity and a form of social connection. Kids don’t develop this deeply rooted behavior until around age four, the study found. Kids with autism (自閉癥) are less likely to catch yawns. In the most serious cases, they never do. Yawning might help doctors to see whether the children are developing rightly. The work could also lead to a better understanding of the ways that people communicate and connect.

"Emotional infection seems to be a born thing that connects us together," said Molly Helt, a graduate student in psychology at the University of Connecticut. "Yawning may be part of that." Inspiration for her study came when she tried to get her own autistic son to clear his ears on an airplane. She repeatedly yawned at him, hoping he would yawn back. He never did.

"The fact that autistic kids don’t do it might mean they’re really missing out on that emotional connection with people around them," she said. "The biggest thing people try to figure out after birth is how we become humans and understand that humans have minds that are different from others’," she added. "Autistic people never seem to understand that."

Like infectious laughter and crying, scientists have found that yawning is a shared experience that promotes social connection. Helt said it could fight stress after a period of being nervous and spread a feeling of calm through a group.

1.What does the new study suggest, according to the first two paragraphs?

A．It is easy to stop yawning when you see others yawn.

B．Yawning has some mysterious force which is related to God.

C．Children follow others in yawning just after they are born.

D．Yawning is a form of communication.

2.According to Molly Helt, _________________.

A．emotions are infectious, but yawning is not

B．yawning helps clear ears on planes

C．humans differ from animals because they communicate with others

D．yawning is a kind of emotional connection among humans

3.Which of the following is NOT true about yawning?

A．It is natural to yawn back if people around you yawn.

B．Some kids are too young to yawn after others.

C．Yawning can be used to test children’s development.

D．Kids with autism yawn easily when others yawn.

4.The author implies in the last paragraph that ________.

A．it is bad manners to yawn on some social occasions

B．yawning can make people feel relaxed

C．yawning is different from infectious laughter and crying in theory

D．the more you yawn, the happier you will be

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A. Making yourself knowledgeable first.

B. Adapting yourself to the foreign country.

C. Making the lessons fun and interesting.

D. Catching the attention of the beginners.

E. That teaching English to beginners is challenging.

F. Making sure of the requirements of teaching abroad.

1.______Teaching English to adult learners is a challenging thing. But learning how to teach English to be-ginners could be much more challenging especially if you’re teaching abroad. There are special considerations that you’ll have to keep in mind, and a little more patience to spare.

2._______When you teach any foreign language to young learners, it means that you are not only going to have to teach the subject as you would in a typical classroom. Because of the age of the learners, you will have to constantly keep them interested. Children have short attention span, so you have to give extra effort to keep their attention to the subject.

3.________As much as it is important to teach the language to your learners, it is also important that you know they are willing to learn and that they enjoy your classes. If you make your classes fun and full of activities and other games that promote learning and communication, the actual teaching part will be a piece of cake. Your students will always look forward to the next lesson, and they’ll look at learning English as a fun experience.

4.________If you teach English abroad, the number of things to consider is increased. For one thing, you will have to use the teaching methods that are accepted by a foreign audience. You will have to learn the culture of the country. Naturally, you will also have to adjust to the life of living abroad.

5.________Of course, if you would like to teach English abroad, there might be additional tests and certificates that will be required of you. You may be required to take TOEFL and take up ESL. To be sure of all the requirements, make sure that you discuss all of these during the application process early on.

They leap from helicopters or speeding boats, bringing aid to swimmers who get into trouble off Italy’s popular beaches.

Hundreds of specially trained dogs from Italy’s corps of canine(犬類的) lifeguards set out each summer to help swimmers in need of rescue.

These "life dogs" wear a harness that victims can grab to be dragged back to shore, and unlike human lifeguards, they can easily jump from helicopters and speeding boats to reach swimmers in trouble.

With millions flocking to Italy’s crowded beaches each summer, the Italian Coast Guard says it rescues about 3,000 people every year —and their canine helpers have saved several lives.

It takes three years for the canines to reach expert rescue status, and currently 300 dogs are fully trained for duty, said Roberto Gasbarri, who directs the Italian School of Canine Lifeguards program.

"Dogs are of good physical strength. They can increase the speed at which victims are rescued," Gasbarri said.

"The dog becomes a sort of intelligent lifebuoy(救生圈). It is a buoy that goes by itself to a person in need of help, and comes back to the shore also by himself, choosing the best landing point and swimming through the safest currents," he said.

The school will train any breed, as long as they weigh at least 30 kilograms, but New found lands and golden retrievers are most commonly used because they are good at swimming. Each dog works together with a human lifeguard, who also acts as the animal’s trainer.

"Being retrievers, they set out to pick up anything we tell them, be it a human being, an object, or a fish, and they bring it back to the shore," said lifeguard Monia Luciani. "They do not associate it with a physical activity, but it is rather a game for them."

1.The dogs wear a harness so that __________.

2.The dogs are helpful to _________.

3.Why does the school usually choose to train the New found lands and golden retrievers?

___________________________________.

4.How do the dogs regard the pickup training?

____________________________________.

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

孩子長大成人后就不應(yīng)該依靠父母了。（independent）

他的沉默暗示出他不喜歡你總是抱怨工作。(imply)

過去的十年里，我們國家的科技有了很大的發(fā)展。(decade)

老師獨特的演講方式已經(jīng)引起了我們的興趣。(arouse)

缺乏信心一直以來是他失敗的關(guān)鍵，現(xiàn)在他終于下定決心改變自己。（determined）

The buildings in this modern city are growing tall, some even reaching over 400 meters _______ height.

A．a(chǎn)t               B．for               C．in               D．on

---Do you know when she _________?

---Sorry, I don’t. But I’ll let you know when she _________.

A．comes, comes                          B．comes, will come

C．will come, will come                     D．will come, comes

 Some intelligent and successful people find _____ difficult to succeed in language learning.

A．them             B．it                C．themselves        D．itself

If you ask me, I would say that I won’t mind ______abroad to enrich my knowledge.

A．taking            B．to take            C．to be taken        D．being taken

_______ she seems to put on a smiling face every day, she hasn’t really got over the shadow of exam failure.

A．Because          B．As               C．Whether          D．While