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A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.

They found that almost all of the categories (類別) showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.

“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media—movies, radio, drama—had more emotional content than books.”

Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.

During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.

“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression (壓抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”

(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

1.A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except

2.According to Dr Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that

3.What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?

4.While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they werenot sure that

Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.今年元旦我們玩得很開心。(enjoy)

2.舅舅昨天寄給我一張卡片，祝賀我18歲生日。(congratulate)

3.經(jīng)過多年的建設(shè)，這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)現(xiàn)在和地震前一樣充滿了活力。(as...as)

4.演出以一段五十多歲的人耳熟能詳?shù)慕?jīng)典音樂開始。(familiar)

5.她一看完那個(gè)關(guān)于已滅絕物種的電視節(jié)目，就立志加入野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)組織。(No sooner)

Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

上海博物館擬舉辦一次名畫展，現(xiàn)就展出場(chǎng)所（博物館還是社區(qū)圖書館）征集公眾意見，假設(shè)你是王敏，給上海博物館寫一封信表達(dá)你的想法。你的信必須滿足以下要求：

1. 簡(jiǎn)述你寫信的目的及你對(duì)場(chǎng)所的選擇；

2. 說明你的理由（從便利性，專業(yè)性等方面對(duì)這兩個(gè)場(chǎng)所進(jìn)行對(duì)比）。

Volunteering gives you a chance____ lives, including your own.

A．change           B．changing          C．changed          D．to change

Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs   you could have problems

A．or               B．a(chǎn)nd              C．but              D．So

Shakespeare’s play Hamlet  into at least ten different films over the past years.

A．had been made                         B．was made

C．has been made                         D．would be made

       the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.

A．Find             B．Finding           C．To find            D．Found

 --- Do you think Mom and Dad   late?

--- No, Swiss Air is usually on time.

A．were             B．will be            C．would be          D．have been

 I have an appointment      Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.

A．to               B．off               C．with              D．from

Many countries are now setting up national parks     animals and plants can be protected.

A．when            B．which            C．whose            D．where