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William Henry Bragg was born at Westward，Cumberland，on July 2,1862.He was educated at Market Harboroagh Grammar School and afterwards at King William’s College，Isle of Man.Elected as a minor scholar of Trinity College，Cambridge，in 1881，he studied mathematics under the well?known teacher，Dr E．J.Routh.He studied physics in the Cavendish Laboratory during a part of 1885，and at the end of that year he was elected to the Professorship of Mathematics and Physics in the University of Adelaide，South Australia.

His research interests dealt with a great many fields and he was skilled at picking up a subject，almost casually，making an important contribution，and then dropping it again.However，the work of Bragg and his son Lawrence in 1913～1914 founded a new branch of science of the greatest importance and significance，the analysis of the crystal structure by means of X?rays.It is true that the use of X?rays as an instrument for the systematic revelation of the way in which crystals are built was entirely due to the Braggs.This was recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize jointly to father and son in 1915.

He was an honorary Doctor of some sixteen universities，and a member of the leading foreign societies.Many other medals and awards were bestowed upon him among which may be mentioned the Rumford Medal in 1916 and the Copley Medal (its premier award) in 1930.

He was the author of many books，including Studies in Radioactivity，X?Rays and Crystal Structure，The World of Sound，Concerning the Nature of Things，Old Trades and New Knowledge，An Introduction to Crystal Analysis，and The Universe of Light.His favorite hobby was golf.After a life of astonishing productiveness，Sir William Bragg died on March 10,1942.

1.William Henry Bragg was awarded the Nobel Prize because________.

A．he succeeded in using X?rays to find out the crystal structure

B．he was the first to use X?rays to help to do his experiment

C．he determined to learn everything well and then gave them up

D．he was successful in his research work with the help of his son

2.According to this passage，William Henry Bragg was interested in all the subjects EXCEPT________.

A．mathematics? B．physics

C．medicine? D．sports

3.Which one of the following is TRUE according to this passage?

A．Bragg became a professor in the University of Adelaide in 1885.

B．Bragg won the Rumford Medal and the Copley Medal in the same year.

C．Bragg gained great achievements in many fields，including society.

D．Bragg and Lawrence wrote the book X?Rays and Crystal Structure.

4.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A．William Henry Bragg’s Productive Life

B．William Henry Bragg：A Famous Author

C．Bragg and His Son—Two Great Scientists

D．X?rays and the Crystal Structure

Several parents and children escaped the summer heat and enjoyed a refreshing “Leap Into a Good Book”．About 30 children and parents gathered as volunteers for both agencies.

After the readings，refreshments (點(diǎn)心) were offered and children and parents were given books，a gift bag and a bookmark with information on adult literacy (讀寫能力) programs.

Learn to Read of Northwest Florida Inc.and Even Start coordinated the event with hopes that combining their programs will help target functionally illiterate adults and their families.A functionally illiterate adult is one who has reading skills below a seventh?grade level.That often means they have difficulty filling out job applications，understanding a lease，reading medication labels or to their children.

Merelin Hernandez,9，a fourth?grader at Warrington Elementary School，understands the importance of reading.She also says it makes her happy when she is bored.“Reading helps me go to another grade，”she says.“I feel proud when I get a B because then I know I am reading well.”Monae Walker,7，a student at Oakcrest Elementary School，says reading teaches her and makes her happy.

Learn to Read of Northwest Florida Inc.provides one?on?one tutoring for basic reading and writing skills to adults 16 and older who are not in school.Tutors go through a 12?hour workshop and tutor their students 3 hours per week.The program currently has 150 active tutors.

Even Start is a family education program at McMillan Learning Center，which offers adult education classes and infant，toddler and prekindergarten services at no cost to families.Linda Harris，a teacher in charge of the Escambia Even Start program，says the program equips parents so they can help their children.

1.The event “Leap Into a Good Book”________．

A．was mainly held by Learn to Read

B．targeted functionally literate parents

C．was attended by about 30 volunteers

D．was held to enjoy reading in summer

2.According to the passage，a functionally illiterate adult________.

A．has skills below a seventh?grade level

B．has never got school education

C．has no ability to recognize English words

D．can’t fill out a job application

3.According to the passage，Monae Walker________.

A．was attending the one?on?one tutoring

B．was a school?leaver

C．was having a good time there

D．read books with her parents

4.According to the passage，Even Start can________.

A．make parents able to help their children

B．educate children how to use words

C．offer some services for families in life

D．offer a good place for children

As you can see，water works hard in your body every day.That’s why it’s important? to give your body the water it needs to carry out all its different jobs.On a regular day，your body loses 2 to 3 quarts of water—enough to fill a 2?liter soda bottle.You probably guess that water is lost when you sweat—especially?? on a hot day.

But your body also loses water in an almost invisible way—evaporation (蒸發(fā))．Water escapes from your body through your skin and in your breath.How？Your breath contains droplets (小滴) of water that are usually too tiny to see.They become visible for a quick second in the cold when you can “see your breath”．But water evaporates this way all year round.Your skin also contains water，which escapes in tiny droplets that go into? the air.The water in your skin evaporates into the air，but fortunately，your body can replace the water it loses so your skin doesn’t dry out.

Eating and drinking is one way to replace the water your body loses.Most foods have a lot of water in them，especially fruits and vegetables.Grapes，watermelons，oranges，and cantaloupes are delicious and full of water.

But you can’t rely_on food alone to get that water back，and that’s why it’s also a good idea to drink water? every day.You might have heard someone say that people need to drink 6 to 8 cups (1.4 to 1.9 liters) of water each day.Depending on how much? water you’re getting from foods and other liquids,6 to 8 cups might not be necessary.If you eat a lot of fruits and vegetables，or you like to eat soup every day，you’ll get some of the water your body needs.

1. You should drink enough water every day because________.

A．your body needs too much water

B．water does all kinds of jobs in your body

C．your body loses a lot of water every day

D．the more water you drink the better you feel

2. Water in your body loses by the following ways EXCEPT________.

A．breathing? B．evaporating

C．sweating? D．eating

3. Your body has to give enough water to your skin in order to________.

A．keep the water in your skin clean

B．stop your skin from drying out

C．stop the water from losing

D．keep your skin clean all the time

4. What does the underlined phrase “rely on” in the fourth paragraph mean?

A．Eat up.? B．Receive.

C．Depend upon.? D．Digest.

People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often________rather than based on fixed criteria.????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? (2013·湖北，27)

A．appropriate? B．conscious

C．arbitrary? D．controversial

It’s said that the power plant is now________large as what it was.(2013·安徽，33)

A．twice as? B．as twice

C．twice much? D．much twice

He didn’t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle.Instead，he made a________contribution to help the community.????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? (2013·湖北，28)

A．commercial? B．generous

C．comparable? D．profitable

Don’t defend him any more.It’s obvious that he________destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? (2013·湖北，29)

A．accidentally? B．carelessly

C．deliberately? D．clumsily

It may not be a great suggestion.But before________is put forward，we’ll make do with it.????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? (2013·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ，9)

A．a good one? B．a better one

C．the best one? D．a best one

Everything seemed to be going ________for the first two days after I moved to New York.????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? (2013·遼寧，27)

A．vividly? B．generally

C．frequently? D．smoothly

This is by far________movie that I have ever seen.(2013·遼寧，33)

A．an inspiring? B．a much inspiring

C．the most inspiring? D．the more inspiring