欧美日韩黄网欧美日韩日B片|二区无码视频网站|欧美AAAA小视频|久久99爱视频播放|日本久久成人免费视频|性交黄色毛片特黄色性交毛片|91久久伊人日韩插穴|国产三级A片电影网站|亚州无码成人激情视频|国产又黄又粗又猛又爽的

Coffee has a history dating back to at least the 9th century and has been a catalyst for social interaction across cultures and eras. Originally discovered in Ethiopia, coffee beans were brought into the Middle East by Arab traders, spreading to Egypt, Yemen, Persia, Turkey, and North Africa by the 15th century. Muslim merchants eventually brought the beans to the thriving port city of Venice, where they sold them to wealthy Italian buyers. Soon, the Dutch began importing and growing coffee in places like Java and Ceylon (largely through slave labor), and the British East India Trading Company was popularizing the beverage in England. Coffee spread across Europe and even reached America.
Where there has been coffee, there has been the coffeehouse. From the 15th century Middle Eastern establishments where men gathered to listen to music, play chess, and hear recitations from works of literature, to Paris' Cafe le Procope where luminaries of the French Enlightenment such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot came to enjoy a hot cup of joe, coffeehouses have traditionally served as centers of social interaction, places where people can come to relax, chat, and exchange ideas.
The modern coffee shop is modeled on the espresso and pastry-centered Italian coffeehouses that arose with the establishment of Italian-American immigrant communities in major US cities such as New York City's Little Italy and Greenwich Village, Boston's North End, and San Francisco's North Beach. New York coffee shops were often frequented by the Beats in the 1950's. It wasn't long before Seattle and other parts of the Pacific Northwest were developing coffee shops as part of a thriving counterculture scene. The Seattle-based Starbucks took this model and brought it into mainstream culture.
Although coffeehouses today continue to serve their traditional purpose as lively social hubs in many communities, they have noticeably adapted to the times. Rediscovering their purpose as centers of information exchange and communication, many coffee shops now provide their customers with internet access and newspapers. It has become extremely common to see someone sitting at a Starbucks listening to music or surfing the web on his or her laptop. Coffee stores today also maintain a fairly identifiable, yet unique aesthetic: wooden furniture and plush couches, paintings and murals drawn on walls, and soft-lighting combine to give coffee shops the cozy feeling of a home away from home.
Today, big business retail coffee shops are expanding quickly all over the world. Starbucks alone has stores in over 40 countries and plans to add more. Despite its popularity, Starbucks has been criticized and labeled by many as a blood-sucking corporate machine, driving smaller coffee shops out of business through unfair practices. This has even spawned an anti-corporate coffee counterculture, with those subscribing to this culture boycotting big business coffee chains. Increasingly popular coffee stores such as The Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf are also giving Starbucks some stiff competition. In any case, it seems pretty clear that coffee has weaved itself into the fabric of our consumer-oriented culture.
【小題1】 Which of the following is the correct order of coffee spreading in history?
①Egypt         ②America   ③the Middle East   ④Netherlands   ⑤Venice

A．①③④②⑤

B．③①⑤④②

C．①⑤④③②

D．③②⑤④①

【小題2】We can infer from the passage ________.

A．Starbucks has beaten all the competitors

B．there are no changes in the development of coffee culture

C．the taste of coffee has changed a lot

D．Starbucks has some effect on the development of coffee culture

【小題3】The famous coffeehouse “Starbucks” originally come from _______.

A．Seattle

B．Ethiopia

C．Java

D．France

【小題4】 Nowadays, if you come to a coffeehouse, you can _______.

A．play chess with other customers

B．enjoy delicious dishes from South America

C．surf the internet

D．watch a TV play

It was 1504,and Columbus was making another trip to the New World. Columbus and his men needed fresh water and food after three months at sea. They saw an island and went on shore. On the island there were unfriendly Indians who refused to give food to them. Columbus’ men were afraid of the Indians, but he had a clever plan. He used sign language to tell the Indians about his mysterious (神秘的) power to turn off the light in the sky. He knew about a lunar eclipse (月蝕) the next night because the information was in his almanac (天文歷書). Columbus told the Indians, “ Tomorrow night I’ll turn off the light in the sky.” But they didn’t believe him . When the eclipse began the next night ,the Indians became very frightened . They begged Columbus to turn on the light again , and they quickly gave him all the food and water he wanted. Immediately Columbus and his men hurried back to the ship and sailed away in the moonless night.
【小題1】Columbus and his men stopped at the island because_______________.

A．they wanted to meet the Indians there

B．they hoped to get supplies of food and water

C．they had never been on the island before

D．they had planned to visit it

【小題2】The Indians ___________ Columbus and his men.

A．were glad to see	B．were kind to
C．welcomed	D．were not kind to

【小題3】Columbus ________ to tell the Indians that he had mysterious power.

A．used movements of hands and expressions in his face

B．spoke in the language of the Indians

C．drew a lot of signs

D．wrote in the language of the Indians

【小題4】“The light in the sky ” here means __________.

A．the sun

B．the moon

C．the stars

D．the daylight

【小題5】The Indians gave Columbus food and water because they _________.

A．believed Columbus was a man with mysterious power

B．were interested in Columbus’ trip

C．wanted to help Columbus

D．were clever

Everyday, 340 million people speak it. One billion people are learning it and it is said that by 2050, half of the world’s population will be using it. What are we talking about? That global language—English.
The English language started in Britain in the 5th century. It is a mixed language. It was built up when German. Scandinavian and French invaders settled in England and created a common language for communication.
Today it is the official language of the UK, the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa and Ireland as well as many islands in the Caribbean . Many other countries and regions use it for politics and business, for example, India. Pakistan, Nigeria and the Philippines. English is also one of the official languages of Hong Kong.
But global advertising and pop music mean that in most countries, you will see or hear some English. Thanks to McDonalds, we all know about "burgers". "fries" and "milkshakes". Songs by Madonna, Britney Spears and Celine Dion are in English. We can sing along, even if we do not understand what we are singing!
English is a messy (雜亂的) language. Every year, dictionaries include new words that talk about popular culture, for example, computer-related words such as "blogging", "download" and "chatroom". Also included are words that teenagers use. Who does not know "cool", "OK" and “hello” ?
Other languages also influence English. Many English words come from French. Words like "cafe" and expressions like "c'est la vie" (that is life) are all part of the English language. On the other hand, the French language includes English words like "le weekend" and "le camping". German words are also part of English. Words like "kindergarten" come from the German language.
Recently, British people have become interested in "yoga". But the word comes from an ancient Hindu language in India.
【小題1】The English language has a history of  ______.

A．over 2000 years

B．over 500 years

C．over 1500 years

D．over 1000 years

【小題2】The underlined expression “thanks to ” can be replaced by ______.

A．because of

B．thankful to

C．not until

D．a(chǎn)s if.

【小題3】Which of the following statements is true about the language of English ?

A．It has been changing all the time.

B．It has borrowed words from all the other languages.

C．French words are used by the English because dictionaries have French words.

D．Singers and film stars have the greatest influence on language.

【小題4】 Many countries and regions use it for politics and business except______.

A．the USA

B．Nigeria

C．the Philippines

D．Norway

People can enjoy visiting some major imperial temples (帝王廟宇) where emperors worshipped nature on various sacred days?
Temple of Moon (Yuetan)  
Built in 1530，the roughly 8 hectare Temple of Moon，or Yuetan Park，to west of the imperial city was the site of imperial sacrifices to the moon.
In the past decades, bushes and fruit trees have been planted here．In 1969，a 180 meter--all television broadcasting tower was erected in the park，taking up about one eighth of its total space?
Opening hours：6 am～9 pm
Location：6 Yuetan Beijie，Xicheng District．Buses to get there：15，19，823．
Temple of Earth (Ditan)
The Temple of Earth，or Ditan Park，near the North Second Ring Road，is where emperors prayed to the earth for favorable weather and national prosperity．Built during the Ming Dynasty in 1 530，it is the only existing place to worship the earth．
The surrounding areas have become an open space for people to engage in leisurely activities．Since the late 1980s，traditional temple fair have been held here regularly during the Chinese lunar new year．
Opening hours：6 am～9 pm
Location：A2 Di’anmenwai，Chaoyang District．Buses to get there: 104，108，116，or take the subway to get off at Yonghegong to go north.
Temple of Sun (Ritan)
The Temple of Sun，or Ritan Park，in eastern Beijing，is located near the Jianguomen area and adjacent(鄰近的) embassy district．It is a short walk from the Yong'anli subway station on the Line 1．The altar (祭壇) was built in l530 as a place for emperors to make ritual sacrifices to the sun．
It features expansive gardens and a small lake．A mural (壁畫)wall, the park’s main scenic attraction now，was a piece of artwork created about 20 years ago to draw more sightseers．The park is also known for its blossoming lotuses．
Opening hours：6 am～9 pm
Location：6 Ritan Beilu，Chaoyang District．Buses to get there：1，4，28，43，57．120．
【小題1】What kind of people is the text mainly written for?

A．Parents．

B．Students．

C．Tourists．

D．Teachers-

【小題2】You can take a No．______ bus if you want to visit The Temple
of  Sun                    

A．19

B．104

C．108

D．120

【小題3】If you want to worship the earth，you must go to _____.

A．Yuetan Park

B．Ditan Park

C．Ritan Park

D．Beilu Park

【小題4】The purpose of building a mural wall in Ritan Park was to_____．

A．defend the park	B．prevent people from coming into the park
C．a(chǎn)ttract more sightseers	D．make ritual sacrifices to the sun

CANYOUIMAGINEHOWHARDITWOULDBETOREADSENTENCESLIKETHIS? The ancient Greeks wrote this way. The lack of punctuation marks(標(biāo)點符號) probably didn’t bother good readers, though. As they read, they just put pauses where they fit best. Also at this time, sentences switched directions. A sentence read from left to right. The next one read right to left, and then left to right again, etc.
The ancient Romans sometimes punctuated like this: They·put·a·point·between·each·word·in·a·sentence. The word punctuation actually comes from this idea and the Latin word punctum, which means a prick(刺).
When the 5^th century arrived, there were just two punctuation marks: spaces and points. The space separated words and while the points showed pauses in reading. Then in the 13^th century, a printer named Aldus Manutius tried to standardize punctuation. He always used a period for a complete stop at the end of a sentence. He used a slash (/) to indicate a short pause. Over time, that slash was shortened and curled, and it became the modern comma.
Since that time, other marks have enlarged the punctuation family. The exclamation mark comes form the Latin word xt. It was originally formed by putting an upper-case(大寫字母) I on the lower-case xt. The Latin word xt means “exclamation of joy.” The question mark originally started out as the Latin word question, meaning question. Eventually, scholars put it at the end of a sentence to show a question. Over time, it became a symbol formed by putting a lower-case q on an o.
Punctuation is still changing today. New marks are coming into existence, and old punctuation marks are used in new ways. Take for example, the “interrobang.” This 1962 invention combines the question mark and exclamation mark for times when writers want both. For example, “She did what?” or “How much did you pay for that dress?” Obviously, the interrobang is not widely used or recognized – yet. But its invention shows that English is not yet finished with its punctuation.
【小題1】Which of the following is a comma?

A．,

B．:

C． ;

D．!

【小題2】What’s the first paragraph mainly about?

A．The history of punctuation.

B．The introduction of punctuation.

C．The very beginning of punctuation.

D．The ancient Greek way of writing without punctuation.

【小題3】Please put the following events in the order they happened.
a. The exclamation mark and question mark came into the punctuation family.
b. Comma came into existence.
c. Romans put a dot between words to separate words.
d. A period was used to end a sentence.
e. The “interrobang” was invented.

A．cbdae

B．dcbae

C．dbcea

D．cdbae

【小題4】What is the most possible situation for “She did what?”?

A．You are told she gave her baby boy a good beat.

B．You are wondering what she did to save the poor boy.

C．You want to know what she did for a living after fleeing to a foreign country.

D．You demand someone else tell you what in the world happened to her.

【小題5】 According to the article, we learn ________.

A．punctuation didn’t come into being until the 5th century.

B．no one can really tell what new marks we may have in the future.

C．the invention of “interrobang” is a failure since it is not widely used.

D．both the exclamation mark and the question mark come from Greek words.

Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors (統(tǒng)治者) and generals and soldiers, while the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured (施肥)a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers.
People think a great deal of them, so much that on all the highest pillars (紀念柱)in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages（野蠻人）; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently — this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done — is not being civilized.  People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. And not only has it won, but, because it has won, it has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that power is right.
This is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated (disabled). And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets — while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life — nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.
【小題1】In the opening sentence, the author indicates that           .

A．most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers

B．history book tell us far more about conquerors, generals and soldiers than actual creators of civilization

C．those who rally helped human civilization forward is not mentioned in history books at all

D．conquerors, generals and soldiers should be least mentioned in history books

【小題2】According to the passage, most people believe that the greatest countries are those that    .

A．built the highest pillars for their conquerors

B．were ruled by the greatest number of conquerors

C．won the greatest number of battles against other countries

D．were beaten in battle by the greatest number of other countries

【小題3】In the author’s opinion, the countries that conquered a large number of other countries are
             .

A．certainly both the most powerful and most civilized.

B．neither the greatest nor the most civilized in any way.

C．possibly either the most civilized or the most powerful in a way.

D．likely the most powerful in some sense but not the most civilized.

【小題4】The meaning of the last sentence in Paragraph 2 is that         .

A．fighters believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.

B．only those who are powerful have the right to go to war.

C．those who are right should fight against those who are wrong.

D．only powerful nations might win the right to rule weak ones.

Channel Islands tourist guide


Friendly communities, a rough coastline and gentle, untouched scenery make the islands ideal for anyone who wants to ‘get out there’ and explore on foot or by bike.
England tourist guide
England is the largest country in Britain, and home to the largest city in Europe, 600 miles of beautiful coastline, and a population almost three times that of Australia.
Isle of Man tourist guide
A country rich in natural history, beautiful scenery and first-class historical sites with attractions for all age groups and interests.
London tourist guide
London needs little introduction. This lively, multi-cultural capital is a world leading destination city．London is full of history, heritage and culture, yet one of the most fast-moving, cosmopolitan(世界性的) cities on the planet．
Northern Ireland tourist guide
Exciting cities with shopping, nightlife and festivals, outdoor activities, wonderful food and untouched peaceful and private places where you can relax．
Scotland tourist guide
Scotland is everything you imagine – whisky, golf and wealth of castles and historic sites. The Highlands area is one of the last wildernesses in Europe.
Wales tourist guide
Wales is different from other parts of Britain and just 2 hours from Heathrow Airport. With 400 castles, yet only one official motorway, you have to take things at a gentle pace.
【小題1】What is special about England?

A．It is the largest country in Europe．

B．It enjoys a beautiful coastline of 600 miles．

C．It is one of the last wildernesses in Europe．

D．It has a large population similar to Australia．

【小題2】If you want to visit castles, you are supposed to go to _______．

A．Channel Islands and Isle of Man	B．Isle of Man and London
C．Northern Ireland and Wales	D．Wales and Scotland

【小題3】The passage can be classified as           .

A．a(chǎn)n advertisement	B．a(chǎn) geography article
C．a(chǎn) report	D．a(chǎn) diary

It’s amazing what a little free beer can accomplish. In 1997 the small Danish island of Samso, located in the Kattegat Strail, won a contest hosted by the Danish Ministry of Environment and Energy. Samso, then known for its dairy and pig farms, would become Denmark’s showcase for sustainable power, eventually going carbon-free. How that would happen, however, was far from clear, since the government initially offered no funding, tax breaks or technical expertise(專門知識).
Given that almost all its power came from oil or coal — and the island’s 4,300 residents didn’t know a wind turbine(風(fēng)力發(fā)電機) from a grain silo(谷倉) — Samso seemed an strange choice. Soren Hermansen, though, saw an opportunity. A restless native son who grew up on a family farm, Hermansen was teaching environmental studies at a local school when he heard about Samso’s award. He volunteered to be the first — and only — participant. “I realized this could happen,” he says. “This was realistic.” He may have been the only one who thought so.
Hermansen knew Samso islanders were conservative, but that could be an advantage: once he convinced enough potential first movers to act, the rest would follow. So Hermansen showed up at every community or club meeting to campaign for the renewable-energy project. He pointed to the island’s unexplored potential for wind power and the economic benefits of making Samso energy-independent. He sometimes brought free beer.
It worked. The islanders bought shares in new wind turbines to build 11 large land-based turbines, enough to meet the entire island’s electricity needs. Not satisfied with that, they supported the construction of 10 huge offshore turbines，which provide power that the island’s dependence on cars and ferries needs. Today Samso isn’t just carbon-free — it actually produces 10% more clean electricity than it uses, with the extra power fed back into the national electricity network at a profit.
Hermansen has become a green angel, traveling from country to country telling the story of Samso’s success when he’s not at home running the Energy Academy, a research center for clean power. But he’s the first to say that the real credit belongs to the islanders，and that Samso’s lesson is that environmental change can only come from the ground up.
【小題1】What was Hermansen’t response to the Samso’s winning the contest?

A．He regarded it as a chance.

B．He was not satisfied with the award.

C．He thought it was strange.

D．He thought it was reasonable.

【小題2】From the second paragraph we can learn that __________.

A．many Samso islanders participated in the green project actively

B．most Samso islanders were against the renewable energy project

C．Samso has a long history of making use of renewable energy

D．a(chǎn)t first people showed little interest in the renewable energy project

【小題3】Why did Hermansen show up at every community or club meeting?

A．It was his duty to keep the islanders informed of government policies.

B．He wanted to convince the islanders to use clean power instead of oil or coal.

C．He wanted to persuade the islanders to be involved in the wind power project.

D．He wanted to share his beer with other islanders.

【小題4】What can we learn about Hermansen’s personality from the last paragraph?

A．He is practical.	B．He is courageous.
C．He is modest.	D．He is ambitious.

As far back as 700 B. C, man has talked about children being cared for by wolves. Romulus and Remus, the legendary（傳說的）twin founders of Rome, were said to have been cared for by wolves. It is believed that when a she-wolf loses her litter, she tries to get human child to take its place. This seemingly foolish and unreasonable idea did not become believable until the late nineteenth century when a French doctor actually found a ten-year-old boy having nothing on wandering in the woods. He didn’t walk upright, could not speak understandably, nor could he relate to people. He only growled（嗥叫）and stared at them. Finally the doctor won the boy’s confidence and began to work with him. After many long years of devoted and patient teaching, the doctor was able to get the boy to clothe and feed himself, recognize and say a number of words, as well as write letters and form words.
【小題1】The French doctor found the boy ________.
　　A. wandering in the woods 　　　B at his doorstep
　　C. growling at him 　　　　　　 D. speaking understandably
【小題2】In this passage, the word “l(fā)itter” in line 3 most nearly means ________.

A．garbage

B．master

C．hair

D．baby animals

【小題3】The doctor was able to work with the boy because ________.

A．the boy had never lost his mind	B．the boy trusted him
C．the boy liked to dress up	D．the boy worked very hard

【小題4】Which of the following statements is not true?

A．She-Wolves have been said to replace human children for their lost litter.

B．Examples of wolves caring for human children can be found only in the nineteenth century.

C．The French doctor succeeded in training the boy to enjoy the human life somewhat.

D．The young boy never was able to speak perfectly.

【小題5】In this passage, the word “relate to” most nearly means ________.

A．tell

B．understand

C．listen to

D．write to

Empty Deserts
In the 19^th century Americans from the eastern states moved out west to settle in the rich new lands along the Pacific coast. The most difficult part of their trip was crossing the “Great American Desert in the western part of the United States by horse and wagon.
The western desert can be very dangerous. There is little water and there are few trees. But the desert also has scenery of great beauty. Tall towers of red and yellow stone rise sharply from the flat sandy valley floor. The scene has been photographed many times and appears in movies and in TV.
In Arizona, man made dams across the Colorado River have made two large lakes in the middle of the dry desert country. At Lake Powell, the red stone arch of Rainbow Bridge rises high above the blue lake.
There are few roads. Many areas of Lake Powell’s shore can only be reached by boat or on foot. But hikers in this empty desert land sometimes find very old native American pictures, painted on the rocks.
In Death Valley, California, the summer temperature rises to 130 degrees. There is less than two inches of rain each year. Death Valley is the lowest place in America---- 925 meters below sea level. In the 1800s, many travelers died when they tried to cross this waterless valley in the terrible heat.
Although the desert is dry and seems empty, there is plenty of life if you look closely. Small insects, snakes and rats have learned how to live in the desert heat. They live under ground and come out at night, when it is cool. Plants such as cacti need very little water.  When it does rain in the desert (sometimes only once or twice a year), plants grow quickly, and flowers open in a single day. For a short time, the desert is covered with brilliant colors.
【小題1】In the 19^th century, Americans moved from the east to the west because they ______.

A．enjoy the trip	B．wanted to make their home there
C．wanted to find new grassland there	D．had no water to drink

【小題2】From the passage, we can conclude that ______.

A．the western desert is a good place for people to live in

B．there is little water but there are many trees in the desert

C．the desert is dangerous but it is full of life

D．till now, people know little about the desert

【小題3】 If you want to find some old native American pictures painted on the rock you must go ______.

A．on foot

B．by boat

C．by car

D．by plane

【小題4】In the 1800s many travelers died in Death Valley because of ______.

A．illness	B．high temperature
C．cold weather	D．poisonous water

【小題5】In the desert, animals will die ______.

A．if they move about	B．if they cannot make holes underground
C．if they come out at night	D．if they drink much water