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A New Zealand volcano dormant for more than a century has erupted，sending up ash clouds，disturbing flights and closing roads．
Mount Tongariro, one of three volcanoes in the centre of the North Island, became active just before midnight local time, with reports of loud explosions，pouting rocks and steam.
The 1, 978m peak is in a national park popular with hikers. No damages have been reported after the eruption.
Witnesses described a dramatic scene as the volcano erupted.
“I saw this beautiful. big cloud and I thought: ‘Gee that looks like a volcanic plume’. Just as I thought that there was a great big orange flash,” truck driver Bryn Rodda told New Zealand National Radio. “It was quite impressive.”
Mount Tongariro last erupted 115 years ago. And scientists said they did not yet know if this eruption was a single event.
Experts said they were caught by surprise—they had recorded some activity like an earthquake in recent weeks but were not expecting an eruption．
“This might just be a quiet period and we should expect it to start again at any time. So we are watching things Very closely,” volcanologist Michael Rosenberg told TVNZ.
Eruption activity has currently reduced, New Zealand media said．Meteorologists(氣象學(xué)家)said the ash was blowing east towards the Pacific Ocean.
A number of inland flights from the North Island to the South Island had been affected by the volcanic activity, Air New Zealand said.
Police said highways that had been closed because visibility was affected after the eruption are now open.
Some residents in the nearby areas had temporarily left their homes. Officials have not ordered an evacuation(撤離), but advised those affected by the ash cloud to stay indoors and close their doors and windows.
【小題1】What effect did the eruption cause?

A．Flood.

B．Road block.

C．Strong wind.

D．Air crash.

【小題2】What does the underlined word“dormant”in the first paragraph probably mean?

A．Inactive.	B．Movable.
C．Silent.	D．Covered.

【小題3】Which of the following is true of the passage?

A．Some international flights were cancelled after the eruption.

B．All residents had to move away from their homes after the eruption.

C．Some witnesses thought it was very interesting and attractive.

D．Loud explosions caused great damage to the highways and airports.

【小題4】What do the experts expect might happen next?

A．Another eruption.

B．An earthquake.

C．Diseases caused by the ashes.

D．An overall evacuation.

【小題5】Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A．National Park in New Zealand Damaged

B．Nothing Is Impossible.

C．Volcano or Earthquake?

D．Sudden Eruption of a Volcano in New Zealand.

The Beijing government has set out to recruit thousands of university graduates to work as junior officials in rural areas to both improve rural administration and ease the city’s employment problems.
The government plans to recruit 3,000 university graduates this year,1,000 more than last year, to work as assistants to village heads or Party secretaries in suburban areas.
People interested in jobs in Beijing’s rural villages and townships can submit applications to the Beijing Municipal Personnel Bureau or online at www. Bjbys. com from February 1 through March 15.
“We hope university graduates will seize this opportunity to use their knowledge in rural villages and to start their careers,” Sun Zhenyu, deputy director of Beijing Personnel Bureau, told Xinhua News Agency.
The government has promised successful candidates a monthly salary of 2,000 yuan
( $ 250) in the first year, 2,500 yuan ($ 320) the second year and 3,000 yuan ($ 385) the third year, provided their performance is up to the required standards, Sun said.
Wang Lina, who graduated from Beijing Union University last year, was one of the first graduates to find work in the city's countryside. After majoring in industrial and commercial administration, Wang served as the assistant to the village head of Ertiaojie Village in suburban Beijing's Pinggu District. For one project, Wang contacted people at the Beijing Academy of Agricultural Sciences and arranged for the local farmers to receive training in strawberry planting. Her efforts paid off. The village had a plentiful harvest of organic strawberries earlier this year.
Nationwide, about 150,000 university graduates found employment in rural areas last year, according to figures provided by the Ministry of Education.
The ministry predicts that 4. 95 million students will graduate from universities across the country this year, 820,000 more than last year. About 1.4 million of them are unlikely to find jobs when they graduate.
In Beijing, a record 200,000 people are expected to graduate from university this year. Less than half of them are expected to be offered jobs, according to the personnel bureau.
【小題1】The underlined word “recruit” in the first paragraph probably means______.

A．employ

B．force

C．encourage

D．train

【小題2】We can see from the passage that______.

A．once you are hired as a junior official, you can get an endlessly rising salary

B．the government guarantee a gradually high salary for the successful candidates

C．working as junior officials is easy but very meaningful

D．the competition for the job as junior officials is very fierce

【小題3】From the story of Wang Lina we can learn that______.

A．the sooner you go to the countryside, the sooner you will be successful

B．local farmers can get big harvests if they learn more knowledge

C．university graduates can also realize their value in rural areas

D．Wang had great difficulty in helping villagers planting organic strawberries

【小題4】The last two paragraphs aim to tell us that______.

A．more and more graduates will work as junior officials

B．the universities should not have so many students

C．there are more and more graduates in recent years

D．it is not easy for graduates to find jobs nowadays

【小題5】Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

A．What is the best career?

B．Graduates go to the countryside.

C．Job hunting for university graduates.

D．A good choice for university graduates.

Some young Cambodians are learning a new sport — skateboarding. The country’s first skateboard park is located on the grounds of a local charity group at the edge of Phnom Penh, the capital.
Sports like Khmer boxing and soccer are wildly popular in Cambodia. But Chea, who has been skating for 6 months, says skating has already become his favorite sport.
The skaters are learning tricks like launching off a jump or half-pipe and flying through the air on their narrow wooden boards.
A non-governmental organization called Skateistan Cambodia organizes weekly programs at the park. Skateistan started its work in Afghanistan years ago. Rory Burke is working with the group which expanded to Cambodia last year.
Rory Burke points out, “Yeah, it’s definitely not a typical Cambodian pastime (消遣). And I think the idea of ‘why skateboarding’ is that it’s not been done before here. We want to use skateboarding as something saying, ‘Hey, this is new, this is something different.And that kind of itself becomes a little bit of hook. People see it and they think and they say, ‘Wow, what is that?’ and they want to get involved. ”
Skateistan partners with local groups that work with young people. The park is on the grounds of the group known as PSE, where children attend school and learn a trade. There are almost one hundred twenty participants. They all come from troubled lives.
Seventeen-year-old Sang Rotha is a student at PSE. “Sometimes I don’t do well in subjects like math,” he says, “I feel bad when I find it hard to keep up with my lessons. So that is why I skateboard ---to improve my bad feelings. ’，
He says he began skateboarding more than a year ago. Before he started training, it seemed very easy. But it was very difficult to learn tricks, and he got hurt a lot from falling off.
Rory Burke says learning to deal with the difficulties is part of the lesson for these young skateboarders.
【小題1】 According to the passage, PSE is a group ______.

A．that works with Cambodian students

B．for young Cambodians to learn a trade

C．for young Cambodians in troubled lives

D．for young Cambodians taking skateboarding

【小題2】 What is said about skateboarding in the passage?

A．It was born in Afghanistan years ago.

B．It is easy for young Cambodians to learn.

C．It is as popular as Khmer boxing in Cambodia.

D．It is a good sport to help get good feeling again.

【小題3】The underlined part alittle bit of hook probably means ______.

A．something strange

B．something quite new

C．something different

D．something attractive

【小題4】 It can be inferred from the passage that skateboarding is becoming ______.

A．a(chǎn) sport liked by most young Cambodians

B．a(chǎn)n increasingly popular sport in Cambodia

C．a(chǎn) sport used to better young Cambodians’ life

D．a(chǎn) good way to train young Cambodians’ learning skills

If Confucius were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.
While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It’s nothing personal. Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.
But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.
In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities.  More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy. Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. 
So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.
Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.
As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.
【小題1】 The opening paragraph is mainly intended to _________.

A．provide some key facts about Confucius

B．a(chǎn)ttract the readers’ interest in the subject

C．show great respect for the ancient thinker

D．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations

【小題2】We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students_________.

A．fight for a chance to learn Chinese

B．try to get high scores in Chinese exams

C．have a great interest in studying Chinese

D．take an active part in Chinese competitions

【小題3】 What is the best title for the passage?

A．Forgotten Wisdom in America

B．Old Thinker with a Big Future

C．Chinese Culture for Westerners

D．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language

【小題4】 The passage is likely to appear in _________.

A．a(chǎn) biography	B．a(chǎn) history paper
C．a(chǎn) newspaper	D．a(chǎn) philosophy textbook

Poor families in some countries spend as much as eighty percent of their money on food. Rising prices in recent months have created the worst food crisis(危機(jī)) in more than thirty years. The United Nations World Food Program says high food prices could push one hundred million people into hunger.
Nathan Childs is an expert on rice markets. He notes that the harvest for the latest growing season was the largest on record. But India, Vietnam and others have restricted exports(限制出口) to keep prices down at home and protect supplies.
Thailand’s agriculture minister says his country will never restrict rice exports. He told the Reuters news agency Thursday that Thailand has enough supplies to meet demand at home and for export.
Thailand is the world’s largest rice exporter. Recent signs of an increase in supplies have helped ease record prices for Thai rice. Prices rose last week above one thousand dollars a ton.
Vietnam, the second biggest exporter, has banned(禁止) exports until June. And Vietnamese officials have now warned that non-food traders who buy rice for speculation(投機(jī)活動)will be severely punished.
Some experts say speculation is a necessary part of market activity. But the head of the U.N. Environment Program blames it for the high food prices. “We have enough food on this planet today to feed everyone.” Achim Steiner told the Associated Press.
Earlier, a member of the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission didn’t accept the idea that speculators are the main cause. Bart Chilton blamed reduced harvests and grain supplies and the falling value of the dollar.
U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called heads of major international agencies to a meeting this week in the Swiss capital, Bern. He says high food prices could harm world trade, economic growth, social progress and political security.
【小題1】What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Vietnam has banned rice exports to other countries.

B．Thailand is the largest rice exporter in the world.

C．Some families are too poor to afford enough food.

D．Rising prices of food have led to the world food crisis.

【小題2】Which country restricted food exports according to the passage?
A. Thailand.    B. Switzerland.    C. Vietnam.    D. The USA.
【小題3】All of the following are the results of rising prices of food EXCEPT ____.

A．the worst food crisis

B．reduced harvests and grain supplies

C．people spending more money on food

D．pushing one hundred million people into hunger

【小題4】What is the reason for the speculation according to the head of the U.N. Environment Program?

A．High food prices.

B．The falling value of the dollar.

C．Enough rice supplies in some countries.

D．Restricted food exports in some countries.

London taxis, with their friendly drivers who actually know where they are going, are ranked best in the world, according to an annual taxi poll(調(diào)查).
The survey by travel website hotels.com found London taxis, despite being the most expensive, beat rivals across the globe to head the list for the third consecutive years, scoring a total of 59 percent in votes on several categories by travellers.
London taxi drivers were voted both friendliest and most knowledgeable. Drivers in the English capital must pass a rigorous examination called The Knowledge to earn their taxi licence.
New York’s yellow taxis came second in the list, scoring 27 percent which was up 10 percentage points from last year even though Manhattan’s cab drivers tied with Parisian taxi drivers as the rudest.
Travellers said New York had the most available taxis.
Cabbies in Rome were voted the worst drivers in the world with almost one in 10 travellers thinking the Italian capital had the world’s worst taxi drivers when it came to the quality of driving.
“Travelling by taxi is one of the first experiences that many travellers have upon arrival in a new city. In fact, the research found that cabs are by far the most popular method of travelling from the airport to their hotel,” a spokesman for hotels.com said in a statement.
The global poll scored city based taxis for their levels of cleanliness, value, quality of driving, knowledge of the area, friendliness, safety and availability.
Rounding out the top five were Tokyo with a total score of 26 percent, Berlin with 17 percent, and Bangkok famed for its tuk-tuks scoring 14 percent.
Madrid’s taxis were ranked sixth in the poll, followed by Copenhagen and Dublin with 11 percent and Frankfurt and Paris with 10 percent.
Taxis in Sydney fell short of the top 10, scoring badly in the areas of value for money, availability and knowledge of the area.
The survey for hotels.com, part of the Expedia group, was conducted among over 1,900 travellers between May 11-28 this year.
【小題1】What does the underlined word “rigorous” in the third paragraph mean _______?

A．official

B．lawful

C．strict

D．important

【小題2】The writer introduced the result of the survey by _____.

A．listing the ranks of the taxi service of the European cities

B．listing the ranks of the taxi service of the cities concerned

C．different kinds of reading forms and famous travel websites

D．interviewing the taxi drivers and travellers of the cities

【小題3】Rome’s taxi drivers are lack of _______.

A．driving skills	B．good manners
C．the sense of cleanliness	D．the sense of safety

【小題4】What does the writer want to tell us?

A．The global taxi drivers should be trained strictly.

B．The global taxi drivers should be given an exam.

C．The global taxi drivers have different driving skills.

D．The global big cities’taxis service is scored by a travel website.

Anger at the practice of demanding dowries, which can lead to violence against brides, has caused a takeoff of "Angry Birds" called "Angry Brides" that aims to highlight the illegal practice still common in many South Asian countries.
Dowries -- such as jewelry, clothes, cars and money -- are traditionally given by the bride's family to the groom and his parents to ensure she is taken care of in her new home.
The custom was outlawed more than five decades ago. But it is still widely practiced, with the groom's family demanding even more money after marriage, leading to mental and physical abuse that can drive the woman to suicide.
"The Angry Brides game is our way of throwing a spotlight on the nuisance (陋習(xí)) of dowry," said Ram Bhamidi, senior vice president and head of online marketing for Shaadi.com, a matrimonial (婚姻的) website with two million members.
"According to a 2007 study, there is a dowry-related death every four hours in India. We condemn this and have consistently run campaigns on social media to help create awareness of the issue."
The name of the app, available on the group's home page, is a spinoff from the globally popular "Angry Birds" game. Its home page shows a red-clad, eight-armed woman resembling a powerful female Hindu goddess. Underneath, there is a caption: "A woman will give you strength, care and all the love you need ... NOT dowry!"
To play the game, users have to try and hit three dodging grooms -- a pilot, builder and doctor. There is a wide array of weapons to choose from, including a stiletto shoe, a frying pan, broomstick, tomato and loafer.
Each groom has a price tag, starting at 1.5 million rupees ($29,165). Every time the player hits a groom, his value decreases and money is added to the player's Anti-Dowry Fund, which is saved posted on their Facebook page.
"Since we launched the game last week, more than 270,000 people have liked the app. Both men and women seem to be playing it," said Bhamidi.
【小題1】What caused "Angry Brides" to appear online?

A．Women's rights' being seriously abused．

B．Anger at the practice of demanding dowries．

C．The bride's giving a great many dowries．

D．The popularity of Angry Birds online．

【小題2】Which of the following is True about "Dowries"?

A．The custom of giving dowries has been in practice for five decades．

B．Lack of abundant dowries may lead to the bride's being in violence．

C．The illegal practice of dowries is still popular in many African countries．

D．More dowries the bride gives mean a high social status of her family．

【小題3】The underlined word "spinoff” probably means_____________．

A．relation

B．connection

C．copy

D．fake

【小題4】Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the game "Angry Brides"?

A．There are a variety of weapons to choose from．

B．Ram Bhamidi thinks highly of the game．

C．Men players don't find the game enjoyable．

D．The game character looks like a Hindu goddess．

【小題5】What is the text mainly about?

A．Women's unfair treatment in the marriage．

B．The popularity of the game "Angry Brides"．

C．The groom's demanding too many dowries．

D．How to build an equal relation in the marriage．

One of the world's richest men has taken a close interest in one of man's most basic functions: visiting the toilet．Bill Gates’ charitable organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, is looking for inventors to design the loo of the future, which, they hope, would improve sanitation for millions of people around the world．
So, what's wrong with the traditional flush toilet? Firstly, it wastes a huge amount of potential drinking water．Secondly, they are more likely to cause pollution．This is a real problem in many areas of the developing world, where, according to United Nations’ estimates, unsafe sanitation causes half of all hospitalizations．Younger people are particularly at risk．Illnesses which cause diarrhea are responsible for the deaths of about 1．5 million children a year．Finally, standard lavatories simply aren't practical in remote areas．
The challenge set by Bill Gates was to come up with a latrine which works without running water, electricity or aseptic tank．It also needed to operate for less than 5 cents．28 designs were displayed at the recent event of the Toilet Fair in Seattle, USA．Among them was one which turned human waste into electricity using microwaves, another which converted human waste into charcoal, and yet another which used urine for flushing．
But the winner was a solar-powered design which generated hydrogen gas and electricity．The team from the California Institute of Technology（CIT）picked up a prize of $ 100,000.
But clearly Bill Gates doesn't feel he's flushing money down the toilet．After the Seattle event he said, "We couldn't be happier with the response we've gotten," Gates has even promised $370 million more to the future toilet project．They hope to field test more prototypes over the next three years．
【小題1】Why is Bill Gates paying people to invent new toilets?

A．Because he wants to test people's sense of creativity．

B．Because he wants to improve sanitation for many people．

C．Because he thinks the traditional ones are out of fashion．

D．Because he can't design this kind of things himself．

【小題2】Which of the following is NOT a problem with the traditional flush toilet?

A．They waste too much water．	B．They might cause diseases．
C．They are not always practical．	D．They are too complicated to use.

【小題3】The underlined word "latrine" in the third paragraph might have similar meanings to the word "__   " in the text．

A．loo

B．sanitation

C．diarrhea

D．prototype

【小題4】The team from CIT won the prize because their design        .

A．can change human waste into electricity

B．can turn human waste into charcoal

C．can produce power with solar energy

D．can use urine for flushing

【小題5】If people "flush money down the toilet", they are       .

A．showing off their wealth	B．a(chǎn)ngry with their working conditions
C．wasting money for nothing	D．expressing their great determination

BERLIN （AP）----A tiger escaped its enclosure at Cologne Zoo in western Germany on Saturday and killed a female keeper before being shot dead by the zoo's director, police said．
The tiger slipped through a passage between the enclosure and a neighboring storage building, where it fatally attacked the 43-year-old keeper, said police spokesman Stefan Kirchner．
"It appears the gate wasn't properly shut," Kirchner told The Associated Press．
The zoo was evacuated and a SWAT （特警） team was called in, police said．But before it arrived, the zoo's director managed to kill the tiger by climbing onto the storage building and shooting it through a skylight using a rifle．
Kirchner said it was unlikely that members of the public had witnessed the incident. "This is the darkest day of my life," the zoo's director, Theo Pagel, was quoted as saying by Cologne newspaper Express．
The paper said on its website that the Siberian tiger was a 4-year-old male called Tltai that came to Cologne Zoo from an animal park in England．In November it fathered three cubs with a 7-year-old Siberian tiger called Hanya, according to the zoo's website．
Police said the zoo reopened after Saturday's incident, which occurred around noon．However, a planned late-night opening of the zoo has been canceled．
Cologne Zoo is one of the oldest in Germany．It was founded in 1860 and houses some 10,000 animals consisting of more than 700 different species．
【小題1】Which of the following can be the best title of the news text?

A．Tiger Escapes, Kills Keeper in German Zoo

B．Tiger Escapes in German Zoo, Shot Dead

C．German Zoo Keeper Shot Escaped Tiger

D．People Killed in Oldest Zoo in German

【小題2】According to the police, what was the direct reason for the incident?

A．The zoo keeper was a new hand．

B．A gate was not closed appropriately.

C．The zoo had neglected the secret passage.

D．It was very dark when the incident happened.

【小題3】What did the zoo do after the incident?

A．They honored the killed person in a way.

B．They paid SWAT for their timely help.

C．They returned the tiger’s three cubs to England.

D．They called off the late-night opening.

【小題4】How did the zoo director feel after the incident?

A．Proud.

B．Disappointed.

C．Sad.

D．Angry.

【小題5】What can we learn about Cologne Zoo?

A．It keeps a large variety of species.

B．It is one of the largest in German.

C．It has a history of more than 700 years.

D．No such incident has happened before.

The city of Rome has passed a new law to prevent cruelty to animals. All goldfish bowls are no longer allowed and dog owners must walk their dogs,
"The civilization of a city can be measured by this," said Monica Cirinna, the councilor(議員 ) behind the new law.
"It's good to do whatever we can for our animals who in exchange for a little love fill our existence with their attention," she told a Rome newspaper.
The newspaper reported that round bowls don't give enough oxygen for fish and may make them go blind.
"Rome has tried to protect fish more than anywhere else in the world. It stands out for recognizing that fish are interesting animals who deserve our respect and compassion every bit as much as dogs and eats and other animals,” said Karin Robertson, a director of the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.
Last year a law was passed in Italy that gives people who desert pets big fines (罰款) and prison sentences. Since then local governments have added their own animal protection rules.
The northern city of Turin passed a law in April to give pet owners fines of up to $ 598 if they do not walk their dogs three times a day.
The new law in Rome also says that owners mustn't leave their dogs in hot cars or cut their dogs' tails to make them look lovelier. The law also gives legal recognition to the "cat ladies" who feed homeless cats. The cats live all over the city from ancient ruins to modem office car parks.
【小題1】The new law passed in Rome will             .

A．help improve fishing environment

B．guarantee better conditions for goldfish

C．stop people from catching goldfish

D．discourage keeping goldfish at home

【小題2】People in Rome believe that the civilization of a city can be judged by its      .

A．exchanges with' other cities

B．protection for ancient ruins

C．a(chǎn)wareness of animal protection

D．recognition of animal lovers

【小題3】The underlined word" compassion" in Paragraph 5 is the closest in meaning to   .

A．pity

B．praise

C．support

D．popularity

【小題4】People may break the law in Turin if they

A．keep their dogs or cats in cars

B．feed homeless animals in car parks

C．raise their cats near ancient ruins

D．shut their dogs home all day long