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PEOPLE who have had a painful experience may wish they could wipe the memory from their minds. Researchers at Johns Hopkins University, US, say that this may someday be possible.
A drug remains far off, but researchers have laid a foundation with their discovery that proteins can be removed from the brain’s fear center to cut memories forever.
Previous research had already shown that a special behavior therapy (治療) could cut painful memories. But relapse (復(fù)發(fā)) was possible because the memory hadn’t necessarily disappeared.
By looking at that process, Richard Huganir and Roger Clem, two researchers from Johns Hopkins University, discovered a “window of vulnerability (脆弱的窗口)” when proteins are created. The proteins help signals travel within the brain as painful memories are made. Because the proteins are unstable, they can be easily removed with drugs or behavior therapy to cut memories.
Researchers used mice to find the window, but think the process would be the same in humans. They used electric shocks to make the mice fear a certain sound. The sound triggered (觸發(fā)) the creation of the proteins, called calcium-permeable (鈣通透性) AMPARS, which formed for a day or two in the fear centers of the mice’s brains.
The researchers are working on ways to reopen the window by recalling (喚醒) the painful memory and using drugs to remove the protein. They published their report online last month in Science Express.
Their research has drawn interest and concern from experts in mental healthcare.
Kate Farinholt, a mental health expert with the National Alliance on Mental Illness, Maryland, US, said many people suffering from a painful event might benefit from erasing a memory. “Erasing a memory and then everything bad built on that is an amazing idea, and I can see all sorts of potential ,” she said.
But there are a lot of unanswered questions, too.
“Completely deleting a memory is a little scary. How do you remove a memory without removing a part of someone’s life,” Farinholt said. “And is it best to do that, considering that people grow and learn from their experiences?”
【小題1】What have researchers at Johns Hopkins University found recently?  

A．A new drug to erase painful memories from human brains.

B．A special behavior therapy to erase painful memories.

C．Removing certain proteins from the brain can wipe painful memories.

D．Erasing memory damages a patient’s brain functions.

【小題2】What makes it possible to erase painful memories according to Paragraph 4? 

A．The way the brain cells are created.

B．The unstable character of the proteins in the brain.

C．The strength of the signals the proteins send.

D．The drugs that can stop the formation of memories.

【小題3】Which of the following shows the stages of the process done on mice? 
a. removal of fear proteins            b. making mice fear a certain sound
c. fear proteins created in mice brains   d. making mice recall painful memories

A．a(chǎn)-b-c-d

B．d-a-c-b

C．b-c-d-a

D．c-b-d-a

【小題4】What is Kate Farinholt’s opinion of the research? 

A．People may lose the chance to learn from their bad experiences.

B．The research will be a great breakthrough in treating painful memories.

C．People could suffer long-term memory loss.

D．People could forget happy memories as well.

A HOLIDAY jet pilot （飛行員） said that he would land and call the police after a woman refused to stop smoking．
He warned Maureen Harkavy, “Put that cigarette out, or I’ll land the plane and have you arrested．”
Maureen, 47, was so shocked she wrote to the airline’s chairman．But his reply was even ruder．
“You seem to think you have a God-given right to pollute your neighbors’ atmosphere,” wrote John Ferriday of Paramount Airways．
（a）Said Maureen, “I only found out about it when I was checking in．I’m a nervous flyer so I lit a cigarette during the flight．A stewardess （空姐） asked me to put it out, but I said I wanted to carry on as there was no rule against smoking on the plane．” She was just finishing her cigarette when the pilot arrived．
（b） “I’ve never seen such an unpleasant letter．” She said, “I don’t think I’ll ever fly again．” But there was a funny side．Maureen explained, “We were offered duty-free （免稅） cigarette from the stewardess on the plane!”
（c） Mr．Ferriday went on: “Believe me, you haven’t．Especially when you travel on my planes．”
Maureen and her husband Michael were moved to Paramount flight just before they left Portugal．But they were not told of the company’s no smoking policy．
（d） “He was loud and rude,” said Maureen．“He said if I lit another cigarette he would land the plane at Bordeaux and hand me to the French police．”
Later, from her home in Mosely, Birmingham, Maureen wrote to the company and received the rude reply．
【小題1】The second half of the story has been in wrong order．（Parts a-d） Choose the rearranged order which you think is right．

A．a(chǎn), c, b, d

B．c, a, b, d

C．c, a, d, b

D．d, a, b, c

【小題2】The pilot warned Maureen Harkavy ____________________．

A．to throw her cigarette out of the plane, or he would get her off the plane．

B．to stop smoking, or he would bring down the jet and hand her to the police．

C．not to light another cigarette after her first one．

D．to stop smoking, or he would bring her to justice．

【小題3】Maureen Harkavy ______ on the plane．

A．a(chǎn)ccepted the warning

B．a(chǎn)greed to the warning

C．refused to do what she was told to

D．was so shocked that she wrote to the airline’s chairman

【小題4】In the answer letter to Maureen Harkavy, the airline’s chairman ____ ．

A．made an apology to her for his worker’s rudeness

B．made sure that he would solve the problem

C．said that she had the right to smoke on his plane

D．a(chǎn)ctually completely agreed with what the pilot said

There was simply too much news and too much information freely available on the net．But was it accurate? Whose opinion should we trust? A survey found that 60% of UK adults think it is worth paying for a "good newspaper", and most of those said they believed more of what they read in the paid-for newspapers．
Here was something newspapers understood—here was what they could offer: news plus comment and opinion．
And the Internet now offered opportunities．A newspaper was just that: news printed on paper．But the Internet now offered newspapers different places to print, and in different media．
This may explain why the readership of newspapers online in the UK is very different from people who read printed newspapers．
The most popular newspaper in the UK is The Sun and is also the most popular newspaper in the world．The "mid—market" audience mainly reads The Daily Mail．Of the "quality" newspapers, the most popular is the Daily Telegraph．
Online, it’s a different story．The most popular site is The Mail, which has 2．3 million "browsers" every day．And the next most popular site is The Guardian.
【小題1】’Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Printed newspapers are disappearing．

B．The most popular newspapers has the most popular newspaper website as well．

C．People from other countries also enjoy reading British newspapers．

D．The free news on the Internet makes people unwilling to buy newspapers．

【小題2】What conclusion can we draw from the passage?

A．People no longer believe what the Internet tells them．

B．Printed newspapers are out of date．

C．Different readers may have their various reading taste．

D．Printed newspapers can not deal with the challenge from the Internet．

【小題3】What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The UK has the most popular printed newspapers in the world．

B．The condition of British newspapers in the information age．

C．Printed newspapers face a sever challenge．

D．The latest developments in online news sites．

【小題4】From the survey we can see that the British are generally_____ to the news on the Net．

A．traditional

B．conservative

C．cautious

D．carefree

Dog owners now have a little help understanding their furry friends．A new device（裝置） called Bow-Lingual “translates” dog barks into English, Korean or Japanese．Bow-Lingual Japanese inventors spent much time and money analyzing dog barks．They found that dog noises can be broken down into six different emotions: happiness, sadness, frustration, anger, assertion and desire．
Part of the Bow-Lingual device hangs on the dog’s collar．The other part is a handle-held unit for the owner．When the dog barks, the unit displays translated phrases．
Some people have scoffed at Bow-Lingual．“Who would pay $120 to read a dog’s mind?” they ask．
But those who have purchased（購(gòu)買） Bow-Lingual praise the device．Pet owner Keiko Egawa, of Japan, says it helps her sympathize（同情） with her dog Harry．“Before we go to the park, he always says he wants to play,” says Egawa, “and after a walk, he always says he is hungry．”
Bow-Lingual is not yet available（可用的） in Chinese．So you’d better keep studying Studio Classroom, or soon your dog may know more English than you do!
【小題1】This passage is mainly talking about _____．

A．Bow-Lingual’s inventors	B．dog barks and their different emotions
C．talking dogs	D．a(chǎn) little help for dog owners

【小題2】Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Dog owners now can understand their dogs better．

B．Bow-Lingual enables dogs to talk in English, Korean or Japanese．

C．People who have used Bow-Lingual say it helps them better understand their dogs．

D．More and more Chinese dog owners would keep studying Studio Classroom in order to know more English than their dogs．

【小題3】What does “scoffed at” mean in the fourth paragraph?

A．Shouted at．	B．Questioned about．
C．Laughed at．	D．Doubted about．

【小題4】The writer of this passage is most likely to be _____．

A．a(chǎn) reporter	B．a(chǎn) dog owner
C．a(chǎn)n advertiser	D．a(chǎn)n expert on dog barks

The China Daily newspaper group is looking for English-language senior business editors, senior copy-editors, copy-editors and graphic designers to strengthen its international team．We offer a competitive salary package, free accommodations with useful things paid for, 90 percent medical reimbursement （補(bǔ)償）, seven days of paid leave, eleven public holidays and a return ticket to the country of residence．
Senior Business Editor
You must：
●assist the Business editor in setting goals and working on achieving them;
●be an excellent team person who can generate ideas and think creatively, be able to rewrite totally if needed and give advice to junior staff;
●ideally be working or have worked in a position of responsibility and understand what leadership involves;
●have had at least five years’ editing experience working on editing the Business Desk and be familiar with industry software．
Business Copy-editor
You must:
●work on shifts in the Business Desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print;
●edit or rewrite copy and give smart headlines and titles;
●have had at least two years’ editing experience working on editing desks and be familiar with industry software．
Copy-editor
You must:
●be good at editing or rewriting copy and writing interesting headlines and explanations;
●be able to work on shifts for different pages, and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print;
●have had two years of editing experience working on copy desks, and be familiar with industry software．
Senior Graphic Designer
You must:
●have excellent skills in information graphics;                   
●be good with illustrations and freehand drawings;
●be experienced in newspaper or magazine layouts（排版）；
●have a good sense of typography;
●have good news judgment;
●be well-skilled with Macintosh software: In design; Illustrator, Photoshop;
●be fluent in English．
●For enquiries or to apply, write to job @ chinadaily．com.cn
【小題1】Which is NOT required about copy-editor?

A．Being familiar with industry software．

B．Having two years of editing experience．

C．Having a good sense of typography．

D．Writing interesting headlines and captions．

【小題2】Which position doesn’t need the editing experience?

A．Senior Business Editor．	B．Business copy-editor．
C．Copy-editor．	D．Senior Graphic Designer

【小題3】Which of the following can be used as the title of the advertisement?

A．China Daily Needs New Members

B．China Daily Is very Interesting

C．China Daily Is an International Team

D．China Daily Has Good Working Conditions

【小題4】If you are admitted into China Daily, you can enjoy all the following EXCEPT

A．free accommodations

B．seven days leave without pay

C．a(chǎn) return ticket to the country of residence

D．eleven public holidays

This is the VOA Special English Education Report. A few weeks ago, we talked about the Test of English as a Foreign Language, or TOEFL. A listener in Cambodia named Thida asks if American colleges and universities also accept the IELTS exam. IELTS is the International English Language Testing System. It was developed by the University of Cambridge ESOL examiners.
Cambridge ESOL says the test measures true-to-life ability to communicate in English for education, immigration or employment. The IELTS tests listening, reading, writing and speaking skills. It uses a mixture of accents and spellings, including British English and American English.
The test is used by government agencies, schools and professional organizations in one hundred and twenty countries. And, yes, that includes the United States. The many American schools that accepted the IELTS can be found on the Web at felts.org.
Some schools accept both the TOEFL and the IELTS, but the graduate school at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, for example, says it prefers the IEITS.
The listening and speaking parts are the same for everyone who takes the IELTS, but people have a choice of reading and writing tests -- either academic or general training.
The listening test takes thirty minutes. There are forty questions based on a recording. The reading test takes sixty minutes. Students answer forty questions based on three written passages.
The writing test also takes sixty minutes. Students have to write two essays. One essay has to be at least one hundred and fifty words long and the other at least two hundred and fifty words. The shorter one is description of something; the longer one has to support and argument.
The speaking test takes less than fifteen minutes. The score is based on a recorded talk between the student and a test examiner.
And that's the VOA Special English Education Report, written by Nancy Steinbach. If you have a general question for our series, write to special@voanews.com. I'm Barbara Klein.
【小題1】What does TOEFL stand for?

A．The Voice of America	B．The International English Language Testing System
C．The Test of English as a Foreign Language
D．The Test of English as a Native Language

【小題2】The International English Language Testing System commonly takes _______ in all.

A．less than 160 minutes	B．more than 165 minutes
C．no more than 160 minutes	D．less than 166 minutes

【小題3】 According to the passage, we can infer _______.

A．IELTS is efficient and necessary if you want to go to English-speaking countries
B．IELTS is completely different from TOEFL
C．every American needs to accept TOEFL	D．IEITS isn't used more widely than TOEFL

【小題4】What is the main idea of the passage?

A．How can the readers write papers to the VOA programme?

B．It talks about some ways to pass TOEFL.

C．It introduces IELTS.

D．How can the readers pass two kinds of tests?

A couple of years ago, those who forecast that oil price would reach $ 100 a barrel were seen as doomsters. However, now some are predicting $ 200 a barrel.
Had economists been told that oil price would barely pause at $ 100 before reaching the recent peak of nearly $ 127, they would no doubt have forecast terrible economic consequences. But the global economy, though interrupted by the high price of energy, is still chugging along. Meanwhile, inflation has picked up, but the headline rates of inflation (通貨膨脹率) in most developed countries are nowhere near the levels seen in the 1970s and 1980s.
There are three explanations for the oil price’s unclear impact. The first is that nowadays developed economies are more efficient in their use of energy, thanks partly to the increased importance of service industries and the diminished role of manufacturing(制造業(yè)). According to the Energy Information Administration, the energy intensity of America’s GDP fell by 42% between 1980 and 2007.
A second theory is that the oil-price rise has been steady, not sudden, giving the economy time to adjust. Giovanni Serio of Goldman Sachs points out that in 1973 there was a severe supply shock because of the oil embargo(石油禁運(yùn)), when the world had to cope with 10%-15% less crude almost overnight. Not this time.
The third explanation turns the argument on its head; rather than oil harming the global economy, it is global expansion that is driving up the price of oil.
The most important factor is the shift in favor of the developing economies. America has responded to high price in familiar fashion: UBS forecasts that demand will drop by 1.1% this year and will be no higher in 2010 than it was in 2004. But the demand from China and other emerging markets is more than offsetting(抵消) this shortfall.
【小題1】What is the passage mainly talking about?

A．The prediction of economists.	B．The situation of economy
C．The increase of oil price	D．The American response to high price

【小題2】How many explanations for the oil price’s impact are mentioned in the passage?

A．Two

B．Three

C．Four

D．Five

【小題3】What can we conclude from the passage?

A．In USA, the demand for oil in 2010 will be very high.

B．In USA, the demand for oil in 2010 will be higher than it was in 2004.

C．In USA, the demand for oil in 2010 will be as high as it was in 2004.

D．In USA, the demand for oil in 2010 will be as low as it was in 2004.

OSLO — Excited with pride, Norwegians sang in the streets of Oslo on Sunday, celebrating Norway’s National Day and the country’s Eurovision Song Contest victory.
Hundreds of Norwegians sang along to Alexander Rybak’s winning song Fairytale as they walked in the country’s traditional National Day parade (游行) celebrating the Norwegian constitution.
Alexander Rybak — called “Alexander the Great” by the Norwegian media — won a great victory in the Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) by gaining the most votes in its 53-year history in Moscow on Saturday.
Alexander has played violin and piano since he was five years old, and he also composes his own music and sings. In 2006 he won the Norwegian talent show Kjempesjansen with his own song Foolin. Alexander has performed with one of the world’s most celebrated violinists, Pinchas Zukerman, won the Anders Jahres Culture Price and has been the concertmaster for Norway’s largest symphony orchestra (交響樂隊(duì)) for youths, Ung Symfoni.
Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg said there was clearly something special about the 23-year-old and his folk music. “This is a phenomenal performance by a young and talented musician,” Stoltenberg said in a statement.
Rybak is expected to draw a large crowd of fans to Oslo’s Gardermoen airport when he arrives next Sunday, after having invited all his countrymen from the stage in Moscow.
With Rybak’s win, Norway will host next year’s Eurovision finals, a show that reaches a television audience of over 100 million people. Norway’s Minister of Culture, Trond Giske, promised that Norway would put on a splendid show next year but without spending as much as Moscow, which spent 24 million euros this year. “I don’t think that is necessary,” he told national broadcaster NRK.
The win was Norway’s third. The Nordic country also won the Eurovision Song Contest in 1985 and 1995.
【小題1】What do Norwegians usually do on the country’s National Day?
A. Sing Fairytale.   B. Have a parade.  C. Hold a song test.  D. Watch the ESC. 
【小題2】Which of the following statements about Rybak is TRUE?
A. He has a lot of fans all over the world.
B. He is the first Norwegian to win the ESC.
C. He is called “Alexander the Great” when he was born.
D. He showed a great talent for music before this ESC.
【小題3】The underlined word “phenomenal” in Para. 5 means “____”.

A．very unusual and impressive	B．too special to be understood
C．with an educational purpose	D．a(chǎn)ble to draw a large audience

【小題4】What’s Trond Giske’s opinion?

A．Norway will host next year’s Eurovision finals.

B．It doesn’t require too much money to win the finals.

C．Norway is determined to win next year’s Eurovision finals.

D．It doesn’t require a lot of money to make the finals splendid.

【小題5】The main idea of the text is that ______________________________.

A．the Eurovision Song Contest belongs to the world

B．National Day is being celebrated in Norway

C．Crazy fans expect to meet their idol at the airport in Norway

D．Norway celebrates a Eurovision win on National Day.

Saturday, October 7th, was a marathon of sad tasks for Anna Politkovskaya. Two weeks earlier, her father, a retired official in the department of foreign affairs, had died of a heart attack as he emerged from the Moscow Metro while on his way to visit Politkovskaya’s mother, Raisa Mazepa, in the hospital. She had just been diagnosed(診斷) with cancer and was too weak even to attend her husband’s funeral. “Your father will forgive me, because he knows that I have always loved him,” she told Anna and her sister, Elena Kudimova, the day he was buried. A week later, she had an operation and since then Anna and Elena had been taking turns helping her deal with her grief.
Politkovskaya was supposed to spend the day at the hospital, but her twenty-six-year-old daughter, who was pregnant, had just moved into Politkovskaya’s apartment, on Lesnaya Street, while her own place was being prepared for the baby. “Anna had so much on her mind,” Elena Kudimova told me when we met in London, before Christmas. “And she was trying to finish her article.” Politkovskaya was a special reporter for the small newspaper Novaya Gazeta, and, like most of her work, the piece focused on the terror that can be seen all over the southern republic of Chechnya. This time, she had been trying to report repeated cruel acts done by people faithful to the Prime Minister, Ramzan Kadyrov, who are in favour of Russia. In the past seven years, Politkovskaya had written dozens of accounts of life during wartime; many had been collected in her book “A Small Corner of Hell: reports from Chechnya.” Politkovskaya was far more likely to spend time in a hospital than on a battlefield, and her writing bore frequent witness to robbery, and the uncontrolled cruelty of life in a place that few other Russians—and almost no other reporters—cared to think about.
【小題1】 Politkovskaya’s father died of ______.

A．tiredness

B．a(chǎn) disease

C．a(chǎn)n attack

D．a(chǎn)n accident

【小題2】From the text we know that Raisa Mazepa ______.

A．didn’t love her husband

B．didn’t attend her husband’s funeral

C．was having an operation the day her husband was buried

D．was too sad to attend her husband’s funeral

【小題3】The underlined word “emerged” most likely means ______.

A．came out

B．went into

C．looked into

D．left for

【小題4】How many family members of Anna are mentioned in the passage?

A．Three.

B．Four

C．Five

D．Six

【小題5】Which of the following words can best describe Politkovskaya’s character?

A．curious

B．easy-going

C．careless

D．responsible

February 28^th, 2009 2:54 am GMT
I have to say that am shocked at just how bad the new music is. This cannot be the same band that produced great albums such as HTDAAB and ATYCLB! This is awful! They either do not care anymore, or have completely lost it. I never thought U2 would become irrelevant, but they have officially become one of those bands that you will now say, “Remember when they were great?”
----- Posted by Ronald Harris
February 28^th, 2009 8:29 pm GMT
Total drivel, Mr Harris. The new album is great, far better than the safe, cynical HTDAAB and ATYCLB. U2 have become inventive again, like they were in the 1990s. thank goodness!
----- Posted by Dan
March 3^rd, 2009 12:09 pm GMT
Agree, Dan. The new album is the best since Actung Baby. Magnificent is an anthem in the waiting, Breathe is unbelievable, and Stand Up Comedy is absolutely outstanding----- to name just three! Loving the new sound, pure class as usual.
----- Posted by Martin
March 4^th, 2009 7:43 pm GMT
Totally agree with you guys. This album is unbelievable. Breathe is definitely a great song, same with Moment of Surrender. I bet their upcoming tour will be amazing. If you haven’t bought the CD yet, you should. I bought mine on Amozon.com for $3.99. I couldn’t believe it.
----- Posted by Josh Briggs
【小題1】According to Ronald Harris, U2’s new album is _________.

A．pretty good

B．so bad

C．the same as before

D．completely fresh

【小題2】 whose comment is contrary to the others?

A．Martin’s

B．Dan’s

C．Josh Briggs’

D．Ronald Harris’

【小題3】Martin and Josh Briggs both like the song _________.

A．Magnificent

B．Moment of Surrender

C．Breathe

D．Stand Up Comedy

【小題4】 Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?

A．Most fans felt disappointed at the new album.

B．The new album is available on the Internet.

C．The people who made comments are fans of U2.

D．U2’s upcoming tour may be a great success.

【小題5】The passage is most probably from ________.

A．a(chǎn) concert poster

B．a(chǎn) TV review

C．a(chǎn) newspaper

D．the Internet