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Virginia is set to begin enforcing the toughest drunken-driving punishment, one that will require thousands of first-time offenders­­—whether they were highly drunk or slightly over the limit – to install (安裝) in their cars blood-alcohol testing devices that can lock the ignition. The devices work like this－A driver must blow into a blood alcohol device linked to the car’s ignition. If the result is higher than the legal limit, the car will not start. The device also requires random “rolling retests” once the driver is on the road.
Virginia’s current law requires only repeat drunken-driving offenders or those with a blood alcohol level of 0.15 or higher to have an ignition interlock device in their car.
The new law, which takes effect in July, will roughly increase the number of people required to use ignition interlock devices four times, and offenders will have to pay about $ 480 for a typical six-month installation.
The measure has caused a debate between groups battling drunken driving and those representing offenders. Such groups as Mothers Against Drunk Driving and the Washington Regional Alcohol Program say that Virginia’s 274 alcohol-related road deaths and more than 5,500 injuries in 2010 remained unacceptably high despite years of cracking down on drunken driving. Ignition interlock devices, they say, reduce repeat offenses. But some public defenders and lawyers argue that the devices are too severe a punishment for offenders at the legal blood alcohol limit of 0.08, and that the court system will be burdened by more cases going to trial and lower-income drivers will be affected by the fees.
Del. Sal R. laquinto, who sponsored the bill, had a simple reply for concerns about the costs of the interlock devices: “How much does a life cost?” “Blowing into a tube for six months, you will remember that, ” Iaquinto said, “ and you are not likely to offend again. ”
【小題1】The ignition probably refers to the part in a car where ______.

A．the alarm goes off	B．the car is fueled
C．the key is placed	D．the engine starts

【小題2】Who are required to install the blood-alcohol devices according to the current law?

A．The repeat drunken-driving offenders.

B．The first time drunken-driving offenders.

C．Drivers whose blood alcohol level is below 0.15.

D．The drivers who are not able to pay offence fees.

【小題3】Some groups support the new law because ______.

A．the government can be financed to build roads

B．some traffic deaths and injuries may be avoided

C．lower-income drivers will not afford to drink again

D．the court system is forced to work more effectively

【小題4】The debate aroused by the measure suggests that ______.

A．justice has long arms

B．punishment is the key to all

C．no law is absolutely perfect

D．prevention is better than cure

Your living room
Feng shui is all about balance. Try to arrange sofas and chairs in a square around a circular table. Avoid an L-shaped arrangement as this leaves a missing corner. The centre of the living room should be left clear. Make sure there is a lot of light, which will promote good energy.
Put plants in the corners of the room, as they attract good energy and will energize your health, but not ones with sharp leaves such as yuccas or cactus. Fresh flowers also bring good energy, but throw them away as soon as they begin to die, and don’t have dried flowers.
Mirrors are vital because they reflect energy. Round or oval ones are best, but they should not be opposite each other, nor should they reflect a door, otherwise your good fortune will go out of it.
To promote harmony between the members of your family, have photos of them around the room, preferably smiling. If you want to find a partner, energize the south-west corner of your living room or bedroom by placing a floor light at least 1.75m high there, and turn it on every evening. Surround yourself with decorations and objects in pairs, such as ducks or birds.
To avoid blocking the positive energy in the room, keep everything tidy. Don’t accumulate too many unnecessary things. Take a look at every object, and ask yourself, “Do I really need it? Do I really like it?” If the answer is no, get rid of it.
Your bedroom
You should have the head of your bed placed against a wall, as this gives you a sense of security. Avoid having a bed under a window, as you are exposed to danger and bad energy from outside. If this is impossible, use blinds or heavy curtains to cover the window. Never sleep in a place where you can’t see the door—you should always be able to see someone who’s coming in.
Avoid hanging pictures or lights above your bed, as this leads to a subconscious feeling of threat. Don’t put mirrors opposite the bed either, as they “break up” the image, and therefore the relationship reflected in them.
Keep lighting low and soft, and decorate preferably with dark colors. Do not hang paintings of fierce animals, abstract subjects, or water in the bedroom. Water is very good elsewhere, but in the bedroom it suggests financial loss. Make sure you never put plants in the bedroom, and don’t have a TV facing the bed, or at least cover it when it is not in use.
Your study
Don’t use the same room for your bedroom and your study, as the different energies will be in conflict. If you have to do this, try to separate the areas either symbolically with plants, or with a screen. Put away piles of files or unfinished work—don’t leave them on your desk. Being tidy promotes positive energy. Wherever you study make sure your desk is in the north-east corner, especially if you are preparing for exams, as this area symbolizes education.
A bookcase is bad feng shui, as its sharp corners generate negative “arrows”, and if you have one you ought to put a climbing plant on it to avoid this effect. Cupboards are better than open shelves.
【小題1】 As for lights, which of the following statements is false?

A．A partner may come with a tall burning floor light in the south-west corner of your room.

B．Good energy can be promoted if there is a lot of light in the living room.

C．Bright lighting in the bedroom can light your mood.

D．It is not a good idea to hang lights above your bed.

【小題2】A bed should be put according to the following rules EXCEPT         .

A．the head of your bed should be placed against a wall

B．having a bed under a window should be avoided

C．mirrors should not be opposite the bed

D．your bed can’t face the door for the sake of privacy

【小題3】To avoid bad luck, the author will probably agree with the statement that         .

A．it is economical to sleep and study in the same room

B．fresh flowers ought to be put on the bookcase with sharp corners

C．blinds or heavy curtains can be used to cover the window if your bed is under a window

D．you can accumulate items as you please

【小題4】 Which do you think is the best title for the passage?

A．Feng shui—a magical power.

B．How does positive and negative energy come to you?

C．Change your room to change your life.

D．How to reorganize your furniture.

Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournament involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.
He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.
【小題1】The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.

A．review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup

B．a(chǎn)nalyse the causes of errors made by football referees

C．set a standard for football refereeing

D．reexamine the rules for football refereeing

【小題2】The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________.

A．slightly above average	B．higher than in the 1998 World Cup
C．quite unexpected	D．a(chǎn)s high as in a standard match

【小題3】The findings of the experiment show that ________.

A．errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball

B．the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors

C．the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely errors will occur

D．errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot

【小題4】The word “officials” (Para. 4) most probably refers to ________.

A．the researchers involved in the experiment

B．the inspectors of the football tournament

C．the referees of the football tournament

D．the observers at the site of the experiment

【小題5】What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?

A．The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.

B．Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.

C．A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.

D．An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.

When it comes to human resources, hiring highly-skilled staff is not usually enough for a company to function successfully. Besides the knowledge in their particular fields, employees must always have additional skills-----those of co-operation. In the case that work tasks can only be carried out by communicating with people, accepting common decisions, solving problems, sharing information and helping one another, teamwork skills are important.
While some jobs may require talent, the ability to work as a team is learned. There are no complicated formulas(規(guī)則); you don't need to have any special qualities or exceptional mental abilities. Individuals can be effective as a team if they have developed certain behaviors or habits of communication. Many companies, clubs and organizations use team building activities. Team building activities may include a number of teamwork elements. They are aimed at encouraging active participation in task accomplishment while all members have their roles as individuals and are able to co-operate towards a common goal as a team.
Many team building activities focus on problem solving and discussing team issues; thus argument as a way to common consensus (共識) is encouraged. Team building activities often involve recognition and identification of team member skills, talents, knowledge, and experiences which allow the team members to learn more about each other and fully utilize (利用) those skills where appropriate（合適的）. Many team activities are focused on developing keys to trust during challenging times.
【小題1】In the author's opinion, which of the following is important for a company to be successful?

A．Specialized knowledge.	B．Highly-skilled staff.
C．Exceptional talent.	D．Teamwork skills.

【小題2】According to the second paragraph, co-operation skills______.

A．require special qualities and abilities

B．a(chǎn)re learned while working in a team

C．need exceptional mental abilities

D．a(chǎn)re quite complicated to learn

【小題3】Team building activities are good for______.

A．hiring employees with special talent

B．encouraging employees to co-operate

C．helping employees work independently

D．training employees in their special fields

【小題4】What is the best title of the passage?

A．Team Building	B．Problem Solving
C．Communication Skills	D．Company Management

Chinese people are now spending more time surfing the net than watching TV, according to results of a survey by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) published Thursday.
The survey, of citizens of five Chinese cities, found that 79 percent of interviewees use the internet for information, and 55.1 percent to read news on the internet. About 63 percent of the interviewees use e-mail. The average times spent surfing the net and watching TV were 2.73 hours and 1.29hours, respectively.
Only 10.4 percent reported use the internet primarily to send and receive email; 65.9 percent read online news; 62.2 quite often play games on-line. More and more people have taken an interest in the entertainment opportunities online. Up to 56.5 percent of interviewees quite often download music, and 53.5 percent get entertainment messages from the internet.
Yet the survey found that television is still the dominant mass medium. Seventy-nine percent of interviewees choose to watch TV to get information, and another 75 percent take newspapers as important as TV.
Five major web sites in the Chinese language, namely Sina, Sohu, Netease, Baidu and Yahoo are still ranked top ones by web users, and those that voted for Sina as the best among them were 30.9 percent.
Authorized statistics showed that web users in China have already exceeded 100 million, second to that of the United States.
【小題1】Which of the following is not true?

A．Chinese people are now spending more time surfing the net than watching TV.

B．There are more Chinese people using the internet for information compared with those reading news on the internet.

C．There are more people using e-mail compared with those searching information on the internet.

D．There are more people using e-mail compared with those reading news on the internet.

【小題2】The survey shows that     .

A．Only 10.4% reported use the internet to send and receive email.

B．Less than half of the people use the internet for enter fain-ment.

C．All of the people reported like to play games on-line.

D．Most of the people reported read online news.

【小題3】Which will you choose if you want to chat with your friends on the internet?

A．TV

B．Sina

C．telephone

D．QQ

【小題4】The underlined word “exceeded” means        .

A．increased to

B．increased by

C．risen

D．decreased

A serious problem for today's society is who should be responsible for our elderly and how to improve their lives. It is not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want for our society. I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem.
First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose. But when a company must take life-long responsibility for its employees, it may suffer from a commercial disadvantage due to higher employee costs.
Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual. This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement. This does not seem a very fair model since some people have enough trouble paying for their daily life without trying to earn extra to cover their retirement years. This means the government might have to step in to care for the poor.
In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions. Furthermore, some institutions should be created for senior citizens, which can help provide a comfortable life for them. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly viable answer. The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young.
One further solution is that the government or social organizations establish some working places especially for the elderly where they are independent.
To sum up, all these options have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations.
【小題1】What is the passage mainly about?

A．The problems faced by the old in society.

B．Why we should take responsibility for the old.

C．How we can improve the lives of the old.

D．Where the old can go to get their pensions.

【小題2】 The underlined word "viable" most probably means"       ".

A．impossible

B．practical

C．useful

D．important

【小題3】What is the writer's main purpose in writing this article?

A．To point out the need for government support for old people.

B．To make general readers aware of the problems of retired people.

C．To discuss some possible solutions to an important social problem.

D．To instruct retired people on how they can have a happier life.

【小題4】The text is most likely to be found in a book about____.  

A．social science	B．historical events
C．political problem	D．political systems

As prices and building costs keep rising, the“do-it-yourself”(DIY)trend(趨勢)in the U.S. continues to grow.
“We needed furniture(家具)for our living room,” says John Ross,“and we just didn’t have enough money to buy it. So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs.” John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high. The Rosses took a 2-week course for $280 at a night school. Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house.
Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. He has a full time job at home as well as in a shoe making factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for $420.“I was deeply upset about it. Now I’ve finished a car repair course, I should be able to fix the car by myself.”
John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living. If you
want to become a “do-it-yourselfer”, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.
【小題1】We can learn from the text that many married people_________.

A．find it hard to pay for what they need

B．have to learn to make their own furniture

C．take DIY courses run by the government

D．seldom go to a department store to buy things

【小題2】When the writer says that Jim has a full-time job at home, he means Jim_________.

A．makes shoes in his home

B．does extra work at night

C．does his own car and home repairs

D．keeps house and looks after his children

【小題3】Jim Hatfield decided to become a do-it-yourself when__________.

A．his car repairs cost too much

B．the car repair class was not helpful

C．he could not possibly do two jobs

D．he had to raise the children all by himself

【小題4】What would be the best title for the text?

A．The Joy of DIY	B．You Can Do It Too!
C．Welcome to Our DIY Course	D．Ross and Hatfield Believers in DIY

Hanukkah
Hanukkah (光明節(jié)) is a Jewish festival. It is celebrated on the 25th day of the Jewish month of Kislev (猶太教歷), which is usually sometime in December. It is often called the festival of lights. The festival celebrates the time, over 2,000 years ago, when the Jewish people fought against an emperor who would not let them follow their own traditions and religion. When the Jewish people won back their temple in Jerusalem, they found there was only enough holy oil to keep the sacred light burning for one day. However, to their surprise, this small amount of oil kept the light burning for eight days and nights, until the people had time to make more oil.
At the center of the Hanukkah celebrations is a candlestick (called a Menorah) that holds nine candles. On the first night of Hanukkah the first candle is lit, and each day this candle is used to light another candle, until on the eighth day, the last day, all the candles are lit. During Hanukkah, people go to the synagogue (猶太教堂) to pray and to remember the miracle (奇跡) of the holy oil. Hanukkah is a time for family and friends to come together. People exchange gifts and greeting cards, and children go to parties. Parents often give their children money at Hanukkah. Potato cakes, called latkes, are a traditional Hanukkah food.
【小題1】For how many days does Hanukkah last?

A．7

B．10

C．9

D．8

【小題2】According to the passage, what is necessary when celebrating Hanukkah nowadays?

A． Candles.

B．Money.

C．Oil

D．Cards.

【小題3】What does the Menorah remind Jewish people about?

A．The war that they fought 2,000 years ago.

B．The God that they honored best.

C．The miracle of the holy oil that happened 2,000 years ago.

D．The church they built 2,000 years ago.

【小題4】The passage mainly tells us about _____.

A．the history of Hanukkah and how it is celebrated

B．why Jewish people celebrate Hanukkah

C．why Jewish people protect their traditions

D．the miracle of the holy oil in the Jewish temple

I heard many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching (緊握) at one another’s hands for reassurance.
They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up huddled (聚在一起) round listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon (蠶繭) into a larger cocoon.
It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. And many of today’s parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.
But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don’t care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come — with the people who respect you for who you are. That is the only kind of popularity that really counts.
【小題1】 In this passage, the author wants to tell _______.

A．teenagers to try to pursue their real selves

B．readers to try to be popular with people around

C．parents to try to control and guide their children

D．people to try to understand and respect each other

【小題2】The author disapproves of rebelling teenagers _______.

A．growing away from their parents	B．following the popularity trend
C．walking a new way on their own	D．turning to their friends for help

【小題3】The phrase “ larger cocoon” at the end of the second paragraph refers to _______.

A．the distractive and variable society	B．the dazzling music world
C．the parental care and love	D．the popularity wave in the society

【小題4】What does the author think of advertisements?

A．Convincing.	B．Instructive.
C．Influential.	D．Authoritative.

【小題5】According to the author, what might happen when a teenager stands up against the popularity wave and follows his/her own path?

A．He/She falls behind the time.	B．He/She loses good friends.
C．He/She faces all kinds of criticism.	D．He/She gains valuable popularity.

As China becomes increasingly urbanized (城市化), it has to find space for its urban and rural citizens as both groups become increasingly integrated. Experts suggest a possible model way may be “re-inventing” a “garden city”.
China’s mega-cities are bursting at the borders and the country is now undergoing the quickest and biggest urbanization in the history of mankind. It is estimated that by 2025, China will have 400 million more people living in its cities, raising its urban population to 900 million. Besides, new satellite towns are mushrooming on the urban fringes while city ring roads are rippling outwards into the countryside at amazing speed. Satellite maps collected by Professor Joshua Bolchover at the University of Hong Kong bring the problem sharply into focus. They track the changing rural-urban framework in the past 30 years, and suggest that cities are cruelly destroying surrounding rural land and rapidly reducing the amount of arable (可耕種的) land, which gives way to new residential blocks, new industrial zones, new financial centers and the other inevitable signs and signatures of economic growth.
This, however, is not sustainable growth pattern, especially when China has the world’s largest population to feed. So concerned urban planners are starting to note the social and physical effects of diaspora (大移居) when replaced rural communities are forced into the cities.
On the other hand, a trend of thought is gradually taking shape and this is the concept of the “garden city”, a combination of country and city that is being proposed by architects and city planners. Hua Li, from Tao Architects, is among the many professionals with such a voice. His argument is supported by a long-term study on this subject. As Hua says, the answer is to preserve patches of productive farmland within urban boundaries. Less transportation means we have fresh agricultural products at lower costs and less carbon emission in the city. And urban farmland can also be showcased for agricultural tourism and education.
The concept is already practiced at the grassroot level. Agriculture has gone into the air, up to roof and balcony in some communities in the cities. It’s common to see organic “hanging garden” on the roof of some traditional courtyard home. According to some people, the rooftop project translate to tangible (=" practical)" benefits, such as safe, nutritious vegetables, a cooler home in summer. Some say thanks to the tomatoes they plant that are natural insect killers, there’re fewer mosquitoes. Apart from these, it also contributes to better bonding with neighbors. Zhang, a doctor in Beijing, began creating his hanging garden five years ago. Since his garden became home to 30 kinds of vegetables and fruit --- all enough to feed his family, neighbors have enjoyed dropping by for a relaxing chat or just to see how well the lovely vegetables and fruit are doing.
Although people like Zhang are still rare and the greening of roof space with vegetables and fruit takes skill and energy, with more positive media exposure and advanced technology there is the prospect that garden city will become common practice in the near future. By then, cities will no longer look so gray when seen from the satellites.
【小題1】Some experts suggest re-inventing a “garden city” because ______.

A．it is the only model way to save the cities

B．it helps stop destroying the rural areas

C．increasing urbanization takes place in China

D．China has the largest population to feed

【小題2】What is the purpose of paragraph 2?

A．To show the experts’ concern about the increase of population.

B．To persuade people into supporting economic growth in cities.

C．To explain the reasons for the change of rural-urban framework.

D．To inform the readers of the consequences of quick urbanization.

【小題3】In Hua Li’s opinion, a combination of country and city will ______.

A．benefit the environment and lower living costs

B．become a project that needs a long-term study

C．lead to more rural communities being replaced

D．a(chǎn)ttract more farmers to take tours in cities

【小題4】Zhang is mentioned (Paragraph 5) to show that ______.

A．he achieves his dream to own a hanging garden

B．hanging gardens are becoming more popular

C．the garden contributes to a better neighborhood

D．he is a pioneer to practise the gardening concept

【小題5】As for the concept of the “garden city”, the writer feels ______.

A．desperate

B．hopeful

C．disappointed

D．concerned