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If women are mercilessly exploited(剝削) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.
Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend large sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time changing their old-fashioned dresses. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.
No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with necessary things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or picking her way through deep snow in high heeled shoes.
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability(穩(wěn)定耐用)? That is for you to decide.
【小題1】Designers and big stores always make money_________.

A．by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry

B．because they are capable of predicting new fashions

C．because they attach great importance to quality in women's clothing

D．by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing

【小題2】To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as ___________.

A．a(chǎn) waste of time	B．a(chǎn) waste of money
C．a(chǎn)n expression of taste	D．a(chǎn)n expression of love beauty

【小題3】New fashions in clothing are created for ___________.

A．a(chǎn)n important contribution to society

B．the women's strength of character

C．basic qualities of inconstancy and instability

D．the commercial exploitation of women

【小題4】By saying "the conclusions to be drawn are obvious" (Line One to Line Two, Paragraph Four),
the writer means that ___________.

A．men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion

B．women are better able to put up with discomfort

C．men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers

D．women's inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at

Shopping is not as simple as you think! There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we reach out for that particular brand of product on the shelf.
Coloring, for example, varies according to what the producers are trying to sell. Health foods are packages in greens, yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colors. Ice cream packets are often blue and expensive foods, like chocolates, are gold and silver.
When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.
The size of a product can attract a shopper. But quite often a bottle doesn’t contain as much as it appears to.
It is believed that the better-known companies spend, on average, 70 percent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging.
The most successful producers know that it’s not enough to have a good product. The founder of Pears soap, who for 25 years has used pretty little girls to promote their goods, came to the conclusion: “Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it.”
【小題1】Which of the following may trick a shopper into buying a product according to the text?

A．The cost of its package.

B．The price of the product.

C．The color of its package.

D．The brand name of the product.

【小題2】The underlined part in paragraph 3 means that the colors ________.

A．a(chǎn)ttracted the customers strongly

B．had weak effect on the customers

C．tricked the customers into shopping

D．caused the customers to lose interest

【小題3】Which of the following would be the best title for this text?

A．Choice of Good Products

B．Disadvantages of Products

C．Effect of Packaging on Shopping

D．Brand Names and Shopping Tricks

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
When we walk through the city, we all experience a kind of information overload but we pay attention only to those that are important to us. We don’t stop, we keep our faces expressionless and eyes straight ahead, and in doing so, we are not just protecting ourselves but are avoiding overloading other people as well.
We make use of stereotypes as convenient ways to make quick judgments about situations and people around us. They may not always be accurate, and they can often be dangerously wrong, but they are used regularly.
The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict experience. By using limited clues to provide us with a rapid opinion of other people or places we may choose to limit our communication. We may decide not to go to certain places because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy.
In the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized. It is becoming increasingly common for brand names to be placed on the outside of clothes, and this labeling makes it easy to send out information about fashion and price instantly, and lets other tell at a distance whether an individual has similar tastes and is a suitable person to associate with.
In England, where social grouping or class continues to make social distinctions, clothes, hairstyles, people’s pronunciation and the manner of speaking are all clues to our social group. Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association.
【小題1】People walking in cities ignore the surroundings because _________________.

A．they do not wish to talk to other people

B．everyone else is expressionless

C．the environment is already familiar to them

D．there is too much information to get

【小題2】According to the passage, the main disadvantage of using stereotypes is that they _________.

A．a(chǎn)re likely to lead us into dangerous situations

B．may make us miss some pleasant experience

C．can rarely be relied on

D．make us mentally lazy

【小題3】From the passage we may conclude that _____________.

A．stereotypes can help to understand people fully

B．people are becoming more interested in fashion

C．dressing can send messages about individuals

D．stereotypes can do more harm than good to people

【小題4】It would appear that in England, a person’s class ____________.

A．might be less important in making friends in a city

B．is mainly determined by his pronunciation

C．plays less of a role than it did in the past

D．is something that can be changed easily

Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some degree our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and different surroundings. Thus the limits of persons’ intelligence are fixed at birth, and whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This idea, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some degree something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligent. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two twins, they are very likely to be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this shows that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in touch with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.
【小題1】If a child is born with low intelligence, he can ______.

A．become a genius

B．not reach his intelligence in his life

C．reach his intelligence limits in rich surroundings

D．still become a genius if he should be given special education

【小題2】In Paragraph 2, the underlined sentence “if we take two unrelated people at random from population” means “______.”

A．if we pick any two persons

B．if we take out two different persons

C．if we choose two persons who have relations

D．if we choose two persons with different intelligence

【小題3】The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows ______.

A．the part that birth plays

B．the importance of their relations

C．the importance of their intelligence

D．the role of environment on intelligence

【小題4】The best title of the passage can be “______”.

A．Surroundings	B．Intelligence
C．Dependence on Environment	D．Effect of Education

Why Rent Textbooks?
Renting textbooks is a relatively new idea for everyone. Back in the old days, the idea of renting one never existed since the books are affordable or readily available in libraries. But the time has changed and with the changes in educational system and various economic challenges happening across the globe, the price of textbooks increased.
Given such fact, textbook renting is now a new fashion among college students. Research was made to find out if renting helps one save money and time rather than buying new textbooks and realized that it really is. Let’s examine carefully further and see why renting books is a cost-effective way to still get to have your textbooks without shelling too much money from your pocket.
Gives value for your money
You don’t have to buy all of your textbooks. Those non-major subjects, are better acquired through renting. It saves one money and helps you give out the money you save on some other personal possessions you need in college.
Renting textbooks allows you to save at least 50% off the standard retail (零售) price for each item. You can tell, with a little research, that renting is a lot cheaper compared to buying used books aside from looking way better than the former.
Saves time
You can save a great deal of time when renting a textbook. Instead of browsing your way for hours trying to look for better deals online, you can simply go to a popular book renting marketplace online and just order away. There is literally no need to skimming for hours and see where you can find a great deal. Often, the rental company gives you prepaid postage slip just to get you going and do the same when you decide to return the book.
This process not only saves you time, it also saves other resources like gas if you decide to go to the nearest bookstore to buy books or spend hours using electricity just to find a good deal.
User Friendly
Aside from being able to save money and time, renting textbooks brings convenience to all users. Imagine trying to scan the virtual bookshelf and checking on comments of previous users and figuring out which ones got bad comments and which had great ones. It could be fun at first but if you are short of time, the process can become annoying.
If you rent books, you will only be needing the book’s ISBN number and find it right away. No more time-wasting site search. Type in the ISBN number, order the book, and wait for it to get shipped to your home.
【小題1】The reason why people haven’t the habit of renting textbooks in the old days is that ______.

A．the educational system has not changed by now

B．people can afford books or get books easily in libraries

C．different economic challenges happen across the world

D．the price of textbooks is much higher than that of nowadays

【小題2】The underlined word “shelling” in paragraph 2 means “______”.

A．saving

B．spending

C．removing

D．wasting

【小題3】The following statements are the reasons why textbook renting is now a new fashion among college students EXCEPT ______.

A．One can save a great deal of time in browsing for better deals online

B．It brings convenience to all the users apart from saving money and time

C．The process saves other resources if you don’t go to the nearest bookstore

D．It saves one money and helps him spend money on what he need most in college

【小題4】The passage mainly tells us that ______.

A．renting textbooks allows you to save a lot of money

B．renting a textbook can also save you a great deal of time

C．textbook renting was a relatively new fashion among college students

D．textbook renting is a money-saving, fun, and, convenient way for college students

If cars had wings, they could fly and that just might happen, beginning in 2012. The company Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its car-plane, the Transition, to customers by the end of 2012.
“It’s next ‘wow’ vehicle,” said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh. “Anybody can buy a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris don’t fly.”
The car-plane has wings that unfold for flying-a process the company says takes one minute-and fold back up for driving. A runway is still required to take off and land.
The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies, although it is both. The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations, and with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations.
The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly. They say it saves you the trouble from trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then you’re good to go. When you land, you hold up the wings and hit the road. There are no expensive parking fees because you don’t have to store it at an airport-you park it in the garage at home.
The car-plane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers. Thrrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under the bad weather instead of flying into marginal(臨界的) conditions.
The Transition’s price tag: $194,000. But there may be additional charges for options like a radio, , a transponder or a GPS. Another option is a full-plane parachute.
“If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option.” Gersh said.
So far, the company has more than 70 orders with deposits. “We’re working very closely with them, but there are still some remaining steps,” Brown said.
【小題1】We can learn from the first two paragraphs that _________.

A．car-planes will be popular in 2012-4-6

B．people might drive a car-plane in 2012

C．both the Transition and Ferrari can take off and land

D．Richard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts

【小題2】It takes the car-plane one minute to _________.

A．fold and unfold its wings	B．unfold wings for flying
C．land in the airport	D．meet flying safety regulations

【小題3】According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. The car-plane needs a runway to take off and land.
B. To meet aircraft regulations, the company has been working with FAA.
C. The car-plane may fly as high as normal planes.
D. People can park the car-plane in the garage at their home.

You are busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let’s assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma(畢業(yè)文憑) represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?
More and more people are turning to an utter deception(欺騙)  like this to land their first job or to move head in their careers. For personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars(注冊主任)at most well-known colleges say that they deal with dishonest claims like these at the rate of about one per week.
Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly. One lvy League school refers to them as “special cases”, One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says these claims are made by “no such people”.
To avoid complete lies, some job seekers claim that they “attended” or “were associated with” a college or university. After careful checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being as sociated with” a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of  the century—that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow.
If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a fake diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University”. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue”. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.
【小題1】The writer mainly wants to tell us that _______.

A．college degrees can now be purchased easily

B．it is very hard for people to find jobs

C．lying about college degrees is becoming a widespread problem

D．employers are no longer interested in applicants’ actual performances

【小題2】The underlined word “utter” in the second paragraph means “______”.

A．thorough

B．careful

C．incomplete

D．spoken

【小題3】Once finding applicants with false diplomas, most colleges would _________.

A．keep the records of them	B．drive them out of college
C．a(chǎn)void direct conflicts with them	D．a(chǎn)ccuse them of such behavior

【小題4】We can learn from the passage that ________.

A．US employers value their job applicants with a degree from top universities

B．University of Purdue and Purdue University are the same school

C．people with fake diplomas can get their first jobs in the US easily

D．people pay the same price for a fake diploma from different universities

For five days, Edmonton's Downtown Park is transformed into one huge stage where artists are able to share their talents, and where people are able to celebrate and enjoy themselves. Since its beginning  in 1980, the Edmonton Folk Music Festival has been commemorating（紀念）the true feeling of what folk music is all about and that's the traditional togetherness（友愛）that is felt when people gather to share stories and feelings through song．
This year will be the sixth year when volunteer Riedel will be offering up her time to the festival. "People coming off a busy spring and summer have a moment of relaxation ," Riedel said．"It's really east to relax, and it's great seeing family and friends have fun together．" These families and friends all come from all different kinds of musical tastes．People who take pleasure in Blues are there, so are people who love Bluegrass．This festival does its best to develop everyone's musical interests．
With so many years of experience, the festival has become a well-oiled machine, and does whatever it can to make attendees feel as possible．There are free water stations throughout the venue（舉辦地）for people to fill up their travel cups．When people buy food, reusable dishes are given a $2 plate fee, but that is returned when the plate is brought back．
The festival has completely sold out of tickets, and in record time．But with big names such as Van Morrison and Jakob Dylan, it’s easy to see how that was going to happen．There is no parking area during the festival, so using the Park & Ride system or Edmonton Transit is highly recommended．A bike lock-up area is provided and will be available Thursday until Sunday one hour before the gates open until 45 minutes after the gates close．
The Edmonton Folk Music Festival begins on Wednesday, Aug．4 with Van Morrison playing the special donation fund （基金）concert, and will finish up on Sunday, Aug．8．
【小題1】The Edmonton Folk Music Festival is held mainly to ___________．

A．gather people with different musical tastes

B．remind people of the real sense of folk music

C．exhibit good voices of great talents in folk music

D．collect old stories of folk music

【小題2】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? 

A．Riedel has volunteered for the festival for at least 5years．

B．It’s hard for people to appreciate Blues．

C．It costs people a little to fill up their cups from water stations．

D．People have to pay $2 for a plate of food．

【小題3】We can learn from the passenger that____．

A．people can get tickets easily for the festival

B．the Edmonton Folk Music Festival is well organised.

C．driving one’s own car to the festival is highly recommended

D．bikes are available at the festival from Wednesday to Sunday

【小題4】What would the best title for the passenger?

A．Folk Music of Blues

B．One Festival Family for All

C．Festival for family Gathering

D．Edmonton’s Downtown Park

Close your eyes and imagine you are living in the next two centuries or more. You’ll be living in a world filled with smart robots, which will be helping you to take care of your children, or your elderly parents in your home. You’ll live much longer thanks to the medicine made by genetic (基因的) science. And mankind may be going farther in space than ever before ––you will be living on the moon or Mars.
How should we view the changes that wait for us in the future? Should we be optimistic about the years ahead, or worried about what the future holds? Some scientists and experts are having a discussion about how technology, science and society will develop in the future.
“I’m looking forward to the day when more technology will come to my life,” says John Searle, a professor at the University of California Berkeley Philosophy, “because I think further research in such areas as genetics, physics, chemistry and medicine will help us to overcome poverty, improve health, and make life longer.”
Hugh Herr, at MIT’s Biomechatronics Group, considers very powerful weapons as concern over the future. Another is the growing role of technology in our lives.“Machines taking over what humans do is not a good thing,” Herr says.
That is a similar concern shared by Daniela Cerqui, a social and cultural scientist. “I am afraid that the long-term future we are building will have no space left for human beings,” says Cerqui. “The main values of our society are related to information that must progress as quickly as possible, and computers are much better than humans in these tasks .”
【小題1】The first paragraph mainly tells us ________.

A．how science will develop in the next two centuries

B．how people will live in a modern society

C．what life would be like in the future

D．what computers will bring to our society

【小題2】What is John Searle’s attitude towards the future of technology?

A．Worried.

B．Optimistic.

C．Uncertain.

D．Disappointed.

【小題3】The underlined word “That” in the last paragraph refers to______.

A．the poverty problem in the future

B．machines taking over what humans do

C．the technology of weapons

D．the health problem of humans

【小題4】What would be the best title for the passage?

A．The future––full of hope or concern?

B．Great changes will take place in the future

C．The relationship between technology and humans

D．The role of robots and computers in the future

Cheating can happen in a lot of different ways. When people cheat, it’s not fair to other people, like the kids who studied for the test or who were the true winners of a game.
Many people like the action of cheating. It makes difficult things seem easy, like getting all the right answers on the test. But it doesn’t solve the problem of not knowing the material and it won’t help on the next test --- unless the person cheats again.
Some people lose respect for cheaters and think less of them. The cheaters themselves may feel bad because they know they are not really earning that good grade. And, if they get caught cheating, they will be in trouble at school, and maybe at home, too.
Some kids cheat because they’re busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without spending the time studying. Other kids might feel like they can’t pass the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a “good reason” for cheating, cheating isn’t a good idea.
If you were sick or upset about something the night before and couldn’t study, it would be better to talk with the teacher about this. And if you don’t have enough time to study for a test because of swim practice, you need to talk with your parents about how to balance swimming and school.
A kid who thinks cheating is the only way to pass a test needs to talk with the teacher and his or her parents so they can find some solutions(解決辦法) together. Talking about these problems and working them out will feel better than cheating.
【小題1】The author thinks that when kids cheat in class,________.

A．it is unfair to other people

B．it does harm to their heath

C．teachers should punish them

D．teachers shouldn’t stop them at once

【小題2】Some students like cheating mainly because_________.

A．the material in the test is very difficult

B．they want to do better than the others

C．cheating can make hard things seem very easy

D．they have little time to study their lessons

【小題3】The fourth paragraph mainly tells us______.

A．cheating isn’t a good idea

B．why kids cheat in the test

C．some kids can’t pass the test without cheating

D．some kids don’t spend the time studying

【小題4】In the passage those cheaters are advised to_______.

A．spend more time on school than on sports

B．find good solutions instead of cheating

C．try hard to be intelligent rather than lazy

D．a(chǎn)sk their classmates for good methods of study