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An exercise method (Gyrotonics) designed to stretch muscles and improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States. Here's more about Gyrotonics and the man who invented this special form of exercise.
Gyrotonics is a kind of exercise that combines the movements of dancing and swimming with the mental and physical practice called yoga. It helps lengthen muscles, improve balance, and exercise the joints, the parts of the body where bones are joined.
A Hungarian dancer named Juliu Horvath developed this special form of exercise. After he was injured in dancing, Mr. Horvath studied yoga intensely. In the 1980s, he developed a new exercise method as a special kind of yoga to strengthen dancers.
According to Mr. Horvath, his method was based on the octopus(章魚)，monkey and cat. He says these animals have no restrictions. They can move in any direction the Gyrotonic movements to help the human body move more freely.
A special machine made of wood and weights(砝碼) helps guide the body through the Gyrotonics exercises. You sit or lie on a flat board. You put your legs or hands through special cloth handles attached to a line with weights. With the tension created by the weights, you must try to move through the exercises.
Seven kinds of backbone movements form the base of Gyrotonics. For example, you can stretch your back to the left and right or forward and backward. While moving your back, you can also work on arm or leg motions. These movements must be done in a smooth way. Often the motions are circular(圓形的)。
When Juliu Horvath first developed Gyrotonics, he was the only teacher. Since then, he has taught almost 70 trainers. Now, there are more then 800 official schools in the world where you can learn Gyrotonics.
【小題1】This passage mainly focuses on _____.

A．A successful life of Horvath	B．A popular kind of exercise
C．Some advice on health care	D．Some uses of a special machine

【小題2】According to the passage, what made it possible for Horvath to develop Gyrotonics?

A．His dancing-related injury.	B．His failure in practicing yoga.
C．His good skills of dancing	D．His wish to be a Gyrotonics trainer.

【小題3】What do you think inspired Horvath in developing Gyrotonics?

A．His experience in dancing.	B．His use of a special machine.
C． The movements of some animals.	D．The ideas from many trainers.

【小題4】What can we learn from the passage?

A．Many Americans have improved their health through Gyrotonics.

B．In a way, Gyrotonics is an exercise that comes from yoga.

C．You only have to move your backbone when doing the exercise.

D．Gyrotonics courses can be found in most countries worldwide.

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
When we think about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, a pinnacle (頂點(diǎn)) of sheer (純粹的) delight. And those pinnacles seem to get rarer the older we get.
 1   I remember playing police and robbers in the woods, getting a speaking part in the school play. Of course, kids also experience lows, but their delight at such peaks of pleasure as winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved.
For teenagers, or people under 20 the concept of happiness changes.   2   I can still feel the pain of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going to. I also remember the great happiness of being invited at another event to dance with a very handsome young man.
In adulthood the things that bring great joy—birth, love, marriage—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss.   3   For adults, happiness is complex.
 4   But I think a better definition of happiness is “ the ability to enjoy something”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It's easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, even good health.
While happiness may be more complex for us, the solution is the same as ever. Happiness isn't about what happens to us; it’s the ability to find a positive for every negative, and view a difficulty as a challenge.   5  

A．Love may not last; loved ones die.

B．For a child, happiness has a magic quality.

C．Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life.

D．Being happy doesn’t mean that everything is perfect.

E. The dictionary defines “happy” as “l(fā)ucky” or “ fortunate”.
F. It's not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying what we do possess.
G. Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love, and popularity.

That “Monday morning feeling” could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.
The risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2,600 Germans showed that the average person had a 20 per cent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.
Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.
A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.
The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr Stefan Willich of the Free University. “We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol（膽固醇）but we don’t know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can’t give clear advice on how to prevent them,” he said.
Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work.
“When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal（內(nèi)分泌）changes in their bodies,” Willich explained. “All these things can have an unfavourable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot（血凝塊）in the arteries（動(dòng)脈）which will cause a heart attack.”
“When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity,” said Willich.
【小題1】Monday morning feeling, as this passage shows,         .

A．is not so serious as people thought

B．is harmful to working people in developed countries.

C．is the first killer in Germany and Italy.

D．is created by researchers in Germany and Italy

【小題2】To protect people from suffering from heart attack, doctors have paid much attention to    . 

A．people’s working time

B．people’s living place

C．people’s diet and lifestyle

D．people’s nationalities

【小題3】It can be learned from this passage that heart attack has nothing to do with     .

A．blood pressure	B．heart rate
C．hormonal changes	D．blood group

【小題4】If the researchers give us some advice to avoid Monday morning feeling, what might it be?

A．Stop working on Monday

B．Create a pleasant working environment

C．Get up late on Monday morning

D．Go to work with a doctor

Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have, but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food ,get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.
Proper nutrition (營(yíng)養(yǎng)) is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”(燃料).Don't eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein (蛋白質(zhì)) ,like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins (維他命) and minerals. However, don't overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight.
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don't get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little a amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality (人的個(gè)性).Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.
Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span (壽命).Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.
If everybody, were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.
【小題1】According to the passage,_________

A．we should always keep fit

B．if we were healthy, we could spend our days in doing things with less sleep

C．one can eat a lot to stay in good shape

D．one needn't take any exercise if he is healthy

【小題2】In order to keep good health, ___________ .

A．we should eat a lot of sweets

B．one needs a large amount of fat

C．people should eat according to the foods nutrition

D．we must try to sleep now and then

【小題3】Eating more and sleeping less________.

A．can keep healthy	B．is no good for you
C．gets you more energy	D．will keep your personality

【小題4】The writer explains ________in this passage.

A．how to eat

B．the importance of doing exercise

C．how to keep healthy

D．what to eat

【小題5】The title of the article should be___________ .

A．Eating and Exercising

B．How Vitamins Work in Man's Body

C．Staying Healthy

D．Sleeping Well

How many times have you got upset because someone wasn't doing his job，because your child isn't behaving？How many times have you been irritated (惱怒的) when you've planned something carefully and things didn't go as you'd hoped?
This kind of anger and irritation happens to all of us—it’s part of the human experiences.
One thing that irritates me is when people talk during a movie，or cut me off in traffic. Actually, I have a lot of these little annoyances—don't we all？And it isn’t always easy to find peace when you’ve become upset or irritated.
Let me tell you a little secret to finding peace of mind: see the glass as already broken .
See, the cause of our stress, anger and irritation is that things don't go the way we like, the way we expect them to. Think of how many times this has been true for you. And so the solution is simple：expect things to go wrong, expect things to be different than we hoped or planned，expect the unexpected to happen. And accept it.
One quick example: on our recent trip to Japan, I told my kids to expect things to go wrong—they always do on a trip. I told them, “See it as part of the adventure.”
And this worked like a charm. When we inevitably(不可避免地) took the wrong train on a foreign­language subway system, or when it rained on the day we went to Disney Sea, or when we took three trains and walked 10 blocks only to find the National Children's Castle closed on Mondays...they said, “It's part of the adventure！” And it was all OK—we didn't get too bothered.
So when the nice glass you bought inevitably falls and breaks some day, you might get upset. But things will be different, if you see the glass as already broken, from the day you get it. You know it'll break some day, so from the beginning, see it as already broken. Be a time­traveler, or someone with time­traveling vision, and see the future of this glass, from this moment until it inevitably breaks. And when it breaks, you won't be upset or sad—because it was already broken, from the day you got it. And you’ll realize that every moment you have with it is precious.
【小題1】The author would probably agree that________.

A．we should control our anger and irritation

B．we must get well prepared for the future

C．optimism can help us overcome our anger and irritation

D．a(chǎn)nger and irritation is a natural part of our life

【小題2】The purpose of the author is to________.

A．tell us his own experience in life

B．a(chǎn)dvise us how to find peace of mind

C．tell us a happy trip he took with his children

D．a(chǎn)sk us to see things from both sides

【小題3】By the underlined part (in Para.3), the author tells us to________.

A．get ready for the worst result of things

B．enjoy the process of things

C．expect little from life

D．find the relationship between cause and effect

【小題4】The author’s children could enjoy their trip to Japan because________.

A．everything went smoothly

B．they had a lot of adventures

C．they had expected things to go wrong

D．they could soon get used to the customs there

【小題5】We can learn from the passage that the author________.

A．often gets angry in his life

B．can adjust his state of mind accordingly

C．a(chǎn)lways expects others to act in his way

D．a(chǎn)lways suffers from his anger and irritation

Not all think laughter is the best medicine, but it seems to help．So scientists carried on a new study of diabetes （糖尿�。� patients who were given a good dose of humor for a year to prove it．
Researchers divide 20 high-risk diabetic patients into two groups．Both groups were given standard diabetes medicine．Group L viewed 30 minutes of humor of their choice, while Group C, the control group, did not．This went on for a year of treatments．
By two months into the study, the patients in the laughter group had lower level of the hormones epinephrine （腎上腺素）, considered to cause stress, which is known to be deadly．After the 12 months, HDL cholesterol rises 26 percent in Group L but only 3 percent in Group C．In another measure, C-reactive proteins, a maker of heart disease, drop 66 percent in the laughter group but only 26 percent in the control group．
“The best doctors believe that there is a physical good brought about by the positive emotion, happy laughter,” said study leader Lee Berk of Loma Linda University．And other research has found that humor makes us more hopeful．Still, more study is needed, Berk said．The research by Berk found that humor can bring about similar changes in body chemistry, which was proved in the new study．The research result will be presented this month at the meeting in the US．Research at the University of Maryland School of Medicine shows that laughter causes the inner lining of blood vessels to expand, increasing blood flow in a way thought to be healthy．
“Lifestyle choices have an important effect on health and these are choices which we and patients should pay attention to, rather than prevention and treatment,” Berk said in a statement this week．
【小題1】Why did the scientists carry on the new research?

A．To find out if laughter was good to health．

B．To discover the best medicine to cure diabetes．

C．Because the number of diabetic patients is the largest in the world．

D．Because diabetic patients need more laughter than other patients．

【小題2】After 12 months into the study, ___________．

A．C-reactive proteins increase 66 percent in Group C

B．the level of the hormones epinephrine stays the same in both groups

C．the level of the hormones epinephrine has dropped

D．C-reactive proteins reduced 66 percent in Group L

【小題3】The underlined part “HDL cholesterol” in Paragraph 3 must be _______．

A．something bad to our health	B．something good to our health
C．a(chǎn) kind of wonderful medicine	D．a(chǎn) kind of dangerous disease

【小題4】In what way does laughter benefit people’s health?

A．Blood is made thick by laughter．

B．Laughter makes blood vessels thin．

C．Laughter increases blood pressure．

D．Laughter makes blood flow fast．

【小題5】According to Berk, we should _________．

A．choose lifestyles carefully

B．change our lifestyles

C．prevent our lifestyles in advance

D．pay less attention to the positive emotion

There is an English saying: “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into (調(diào)查) laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health. Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial (有益的).
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated (忍受) the pain for the longest time was the groups which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which reduce both stress (緊張；壓力) and pain.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics (診所), in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
【小題1】The underlined phrase “took the saying seriously” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.

A．treat the saying as important	B．treat the saying as interesting
C．treat the saying as dangerous	D．treat the saying as funny

【小題2】The main idea of the passage is _______.

A．laughter and physical exercises have similar effects on the human body

B．smile can produce the same effects as laughter

C．pain can be reduced by laughter

D．laughter is the best medicine

【小題3】Doctors hold laughter clinics _______.

A．to give better condition to their patients

B．in order to improve patients’ health

C．to make patients smile

D．to prove smile and laughter have the same effect

The poorer mental function seen among alcoholics，many of whom also regularly smoke cigarettes，may be partly due to the long term effects of nicotine(尼古丁)，new research suggests.
“People who are also smokers are at a much higher risk，” Dr.Jennifer  M.Glass of the University of Michigan's Addiction Research Center said. In her study，“Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking，” she said.
This finding may seem counterintuitive(違反直覺的)，since many smokers show that they feel quicker and focused after smoking. Indeed，research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure. Chronic(慢性的)smoking，however，is known to have the opposite effect. Studies show that up to 87 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes.
Yet，few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive(認(rèn)知的)lack reported among alcoholics. To search for that association，Glass and her colleagues examined brain function among 172 men from the same area，including 103 men who abused alcohol. The team found that men with higher scores on the lifetime alcohol problems scale(LAPS)and those who reported a higher number of pack years of smoking both had lower IQ scores.
Upon further research，the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated  with weaker word and space reasoning.
Thus，though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers，it did seem to account for some of the effects，the report indicates.
【小題1】What is the passage mainly about?

A．Cigarette smoking contributes to decreased IQ and thinking.

B．Alcohol abuse is to blame for the poorer mental function.

C．Most of the alcoholics are also heavy smokers.

D．Non-smokers mostly have higher IQ scores.

【小題2】The underline sentence “Chronic smoking, however, is known to have opposite effect” in paragraph 3  suggests:

A．Chronic smoking can improve mental functioning.

B．Chronic smoking has an immediate influence on mental functioning.

C．Chronic smoking has side effect on mental functioning improvement.

D．Chronic smokers feel quicker and focused after smoking.

【小題3】From the passage we can learn that .

A．cigarette smoking is not related to reasoning

B．nicotine exposure can improve mental functioning temporarily

C．the long term effects of nicotine cause alcoholics

D．men with lower scores on the LAPS have lower IQ scores

【小題4】It can be inferred from the passage that .

A．many alcoholics suffer a great deal from smoking

B．giving up smoking is significantly challenging for the alcoholics

C．a(chǎn)lcoholics who do not smoke much have higher IQ scores

D．other factors can cause the poorer mental functioning besides smoking

【小題5】The purpose of this passage is .

A．to warn us of the bad effects of smoking on IQ and thinking

B．to tell us why people are addicted to smoking

C．to give us some advice on how to improve IQ and reasoning

D．to compare the bad effects of alcohol and cigarette

Some students get so nervous before a test, they do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock has studied these highly anxious test-takers.
Sian Beilock: “They start worrying about the consequences. They might even start worrying about whether this exam is going to prevent them from getting into the college they want. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources.I talk about it as your cognitive horsepower that you could otherwise be using to focus on the exam.”
Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.
Sian Beilock: “what we think happens is when students put it down on paper , they think about the worst that could happen and they reappraise the situation. They might realize it’s not as had as they might think it was before and, in essence(本質(zhì)上), it prevents these thoughts from popping up when they’re actually taking a test.”
The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
The researchers added to the pressure. They told the students that those who did well on the second test would get money. They also told them that their performance would affect other students as part of a team effort.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of twelve percent worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of five percent.
Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.
Prefessor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not.
Sian Beilock: “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention, all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. Those students most likely to worry were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these testing situations.”
But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam or presentation? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance. 
【小題1】What may happen if students have the problem of test anxiety?

A．Test anxiety can improve students’ performance to some degree.

B．Students’ attention and memory resources run out when worried.

C．Students may not be admitted into their favorite college if worried

D．Test anxiety is sure to cause students to fail the test.

【小題2】Which of the following if TRUE?

A．In the first math test, students who sat quietly performed better.

B．In the second math test, students who wrote about their feelings did worse.

C．Some college students are highly anxious test-takers while others are not in the tests.

D．The result in the math test agrees with that in the biology test.

【小題3】What does the underlined phrase “popping up” mean?

A．Giving out

B．Fading away

C．Becoming clearly

D．Appearing suddenly

【小題4】what is most probably Sian Beilock?

A．A psychology professor.	B．A philosophy researcher.
C．A politics professor	D．A tutor

【小題5】What is the main idea of the passage?

A．It is a common practice for students being worried before a test.

B．Being worried before tests does harm to students’ performance.

C．Anxious students overcome test anxiety by writing down fears.

D．It is important for students to overcome test anxiety.

American society is not nap (午睡)-friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, “There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep”. Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: “Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven.”
Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping,” says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.
Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an “American sleep debt” which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, President Clinton is trying to take a ha1f-hour snooze (瞌睡) every afternoon.
About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have “a mid afternoon quiet phase,” also called “a secondary sleep gate.” Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.
We Superstars of Snooze don't nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift.Rather, we “snack” on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.
【小題1】It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is        .

A．unreasonable

B．criminal

C．harmful

D．costly

【小題2】The research done by the Dement Commission shows that Americans ________.

A．don't like to take naps

B．a(chǎn)re terribly worried about their national debt

C．sleep less than is good for them

D．have caused many industrial and traffic accidents

【小題3】The purpose of this article is to        .

A．warn us of the wickedness of napping

B．explain the danger of sleepiness

C．discuss the side effects of napping

D．convince the reader of the necessity of napping

【小題4】The underlined phrase “American sleep debt” in Para. 3 is the result of        .

A．the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleep

B．the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration

C．the rapid development of American industry

D．the Americans' worry about the danger of sleepiness

【小題5】The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is          .

A．preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shift

B．good practice to eat something light before we go to bed

C．essential to make up for cost sleep

D．natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it