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No one is glad to hear that his body has to be cut open by a surgeon（外科醫(yī)生） and part of it taken out． Today， however， we needn't worry about feeling pain during the operation． The sick person falls into a kind of sleep，and when he awakes，the operation is finished. But these happy conditions are fairly new．It is not many years since a man who had to have operation felt all its pain．
Long ago， operation had usually to be done while the sick man could feel everything． The sick man had to be held down(壓制，控制) on a table by force while the doctors did their best for him． He could feel all the pain if his leg or arm was being cut off， and his fearful cries filled the room and the hearts of those who watched．
Soon after 1770, Josept Priestley discovered a gas which is now called “l(fā)aughing gas”．Laughing gas became known in America．Young men and women went to parties to try it．Most of them spent their time laughing，but one man at a party，Horace Wells，noticed that people didn't seem to feel pain when they were using this gas．He decided to make an experiment on himself．He asked a friend to help him．
Wells took some of the gas，and his friend pulled out one of Well’s teeth．Wells felt no pain at all．
As he didn't know enough about laughing gas，he gave a man less gas than he should have. The man cried out with pain when his tooth was being pulled out．
Wells tried again，but this time he gave too much of the gas，and the man died．Wells never forgot this terrible event．
【小題1】It is ＿＿＿＿ since a man being operated felt all the pain．

A．a(chǎn) few more years

B．not long

C．few years

D．two thousand years

【小題2】Long ago，when the sick man was operated on, he ＿＿＿＿．

A．could feel nothing	B．could not want anything
C．could feel all the pain	D．could do anything

【小題3】Using the laughing gas，the people did not seem to ＿＿＿＿．

A．be afraid of anything

B．feel pain

C．want to go to the parties

D．be ill

【小題4】If a man took less laughing gas than he should have when an operation went on，he ＿．

A．felt nothing

B．felt very comfortable

C．still felt pain

D．would die

【小題5】 One who took too much of the laughing gas ＿＿＿．

A．would laugh all the time	B．would die
C．would never feel pain	D．would be very calm

　Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for yeas. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.
　　The first kind of loneliness is temporary（暫時的）. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation-for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.
　　The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic（長期的）usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. we depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.
　　Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.
【小題1】How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?

A．Talk to friends	B．Just ignore it
C．Go to see a doctor	D．Ask your teachers for guidance

【小題2】"It" in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to _____.
　　A. temporary loneliness                     　　                 B. situational loneliness
　　C. a new place　　                           D sleeplessness
【小題3】The topic of the 4th paragraph is that____.

A．one problem of loneliness is a person's social contacts

B．we depend on various person for different reasons

C．lonely people don't have many social problems

D．lonely people don't have many friends

【小題4】Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?

A．Chronic loneliness can cause family problems	B．Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness
C．Chronic loneliness can not be overcome	D．A, B and C are all correct

【小題5】What is the best title for the passage?

A．Three Kinds of Loneliness	B．Loneliness and Diseases
C．Loneliness and Social Contacts	D．Chronic Loneliness

Healthy eating habits are one of the most important lessons a child learns. Parents can make a plan of action for each child’s nutritional needs.
Creating healthy habits
Breakfast is necessary to provide the nutrition and energy for an active day. Studies show that children do better in school when they begin the day with breakfast.
Include your child as much as possible in meal planning and preparation. He is more likely to eat food that he has helped put on the table. Cooking at home and at school encourages curiosity and motivation to try new foods.
The mealtime enviroment has a lot to do with how your child will feel about food. Try to keep the time and location of your meals consistent. Keep the meal itself as the main event by reserving the use of toys, telephone calls and television for later.
Help them regard food such as fruit as being important every day, and other food such as chips as being an occasional treat. Prepare food in a variety of ways.
Snacks
Snacks provide necessary energy for children between meals. Be sure to have plenty of healthy snack choices such as fruit and yogurt available at these times. Snacks should not replace a meal but provide a valuable supplement.
【小題1】The passage is written mainly to        

A．teach children to develop good eating habits.

B．exchange ideas with experienced parents

C．learn about children’s food preferrences

D．offer parents some useful suggestions

【小題2】A child is more likely to try new foods      

A．when he spends time with other children

B．if he helps prepare the food himself

C．a(chǎn)fter he has had an active day

D．when he has no snacks

【小題3】The underlined word “reserving” most probably means        

A．putting into

B．calling for

C．talking about

D．setting aside

【小題4】What would be the best title for the passage?

A．You are what you eat

B．Cook dinner for your child

C．Healthy eating for kids

D．Pleasure in everyday meals

  Just five minutes of exercise a day outdoors can improve mental health, according to a study.
Researchers from the University of Essex, UK have found that as little as five minutes of a “green activity” such as walking, gardening, cycling or farming could help to improve mood and increase self-esteem (自信).
Many studies have shown that outdoor exercise can reduce the risk of mental illness and improve a sense of well-being, but the new study, led by Jules Pretty and Jo Barton, was the first to determine how much time needed to be spent on green exercise for the benefits to show.
Barton and Pretty looked at data from 1,252 people of different ages, genders (性別) and mental health status (情況) taken from 10 studies in Britain.
They analyzed their different outdoor activities including walking, gardening, cycling, fishing, boating, horse-riding and farming in locations such as a park, garden or nature trail (路徑).
They found that the mental health changes were seen after just five minutes. With longer periods of time exercising in a green environment, the positive effects were more apparent.
Looking at men and women of different ages, the researchers found the health changes were particularly strong in the young and the mentally ill.
Green and blue
A bigger effect was seen with exercise in an area that also contained water – such as a lake or river.
“This is because historically we are drawn to water to survive and it is in our genetic (遺傳的) make-up to be at one with nature,” the researchers wrote in their report.
Pretty said those who were generally inactive, or stressed, or with mental illness would probably benefit the most from “green exercise”.
“Employers, for example, could encourage staff in stressful workplaces to take a short walk at lunchtime in the nearest park to improve mental health.”
He also said exercise programs outdoors could benefit youth offenders.
【小題1】How is the study this article refers to different from other studies?

A．It involved more people.

B．It took longer to finish the research.

C．It determined the exact amount of time needed.

D．It was led by just two researchers.

【小題2】 What can we conclude from the findings of the study?

A．Just five minutes of “green exercise” daily can help improve mental health.

B．Gardeners and farmers do not need “green exercise”.

C．Walking in a park with a lake will weaken the effect.

D．“Green exercise” is not suitable for the mentally ill.

【小題3】. According to Pretty, _______ would probably benefit the most from “green exercise”.

A．stressed, inactive people	B．office workers
C．youth offenders	D．women and children

【小題4】 What is the main problem discussed in this article?

A．Physical well-being.	B．Outdoor exercise.
C．Mental illness.	D．Harmony with nature.

H5N1 avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu (流感), has killed at least 15 people across Asia and was proved in China on January 27. No human cases have been found in the main­land, but 13 of the country’s 31 provinces have reported the disease in poultry.
The Chinese government has taken measures to prevent and control the disease. Poultry within 3 km of infected (受感染的) farms is to be killed and those within 5 km vaccinated (接種疫苗). At the same time, there will be continuous monitoring and daily reports on the disease across the country, and in­creased production of bird flu vaccines.
Among the 11 Asian countries and regions having bird flu in animals, only Vietnam and Thailand have reported human cases. The people infected were reported to have caught the disease from poultry.
While the World Health Organization ( WHO) says there is “no proof (證據(jù)) of human-to-human infection (傳染)” of bird flu, the big fear is that the disease could combine with a human flu virus (病毒) to produce a deadly new disease that will kill millions of people across the world. Many Asian farmers live closely with their animals and sell live chickens in the market. This greatly increases the chance of humans being infected with bird flu.
A spokesman of the WHO said that Asian countries having bird flu should introduce a more healthy way of raising and selling chickens. The people there have to completely change their way of life and manners towards animals. Here are some safety measures for people to stay healthy;
*   Keep fit through usual exercise;
*   Avoid infected poultry and infected people;
*   Avoid eating uncooked or under-done poultry and eggs;
*   Make sure there is always fresh air in your home;
*   Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing;
*   Wash your hands as often as possible.
【小題1】What does the underlined word “poultry” mean?

A．Wild birds.

B．Wild animals.

C．Home-raised birds.

D．Home-raised animals.

【小題2】From the passage, we learn that __________.

A．infected poultry within 3 km was killed in China

B．the first bird flu case was proved in China on Jan. 27

C．human infected cases were found in 11 Asian countries

D．over two thirds of China have been affected by the bird flu

【小題3】 What do people fear most?

A．Poultry will infect many people.

B．There will be human-to-human infection.

C．The disease can spread quickly among people.

D．A new disease combining bird flu and a human flu will break out.

【小題4】

As late as 1800, women’s only place was in the home. The idea of woman in the business world was unthinkable. Men were certain that no woman could do a good job outside her home. This was such a widely accepted idea that when the well-known Bronte sisters began writing books in 1864, they had to sign their books with men’s names instead.
Teaching was the first profession open to women soon after 1800. But even that was not an easy profession for women to enter because most schools and colleges were open only to men. Oberlin College in Ohio was the first college in America to accept women.
Hospital nursing became respectable work for women only after Nightingale became famous. Seeing that she was not only a nurse but also a rich and well-educated woman, people began to believe it was possible for women to nurse the sick and still be “l(fā)adies”. Miss Nightingale opened England’s first training school for nurse in 1860.
The invention of the typewriter in 1867 helped to bring women out of the home and into the business world. By 1900, thousands of women were working at real jobs in schools, hospitals and offices in both England and America. Some women even managed to become doctors or lawyers. The idea that women could work in the business world had been accepted.
【小題1】 Why couldn’t women become teachers easily? Because___________

A．the first profession open to them was writing.

B．most schools and colleges were open only to men.

C．they wanted to be nurses instead.

D．they had to work in the business world.

【小題2】The article is mainly about __________.

A．women are in the business world

B．the famous Bronte sisters

C．schools and colleges in America

D．rights for American women

【小題3】Which fact does the article lead you to believe?

A．The Bronte sisters thought that they were men.

B．England’s first training school for nurses was in Ohio.

C．There are more men than women in professional jobs.

D．Women find it necessary to work harder than before.

Is there anything more important than health? I don’t think so. “Health is the greatest wealth(財富),” wise people say. You can’t be good at your studies or work well when you are ill.
If you have a headache, toothache, backache, earache or bad pain in the stomach, if you complain of a bad cough, if you run a high temperature and have a bad cold, or if you suffer from high or low blood pressure, I think you should go to the doctor.
The doctor will examine your throat, feel your pulse, test your blood pressure, take your temperature, sound your heart and lungs, test your eyes, check your teeth or have your chest X-rayed. After that he will advise some treatment, or some medicine. The only thing you have to do is to follow his advice.
Speaking about doctor’s advice, I can’t help telling you a funny story.
An old gentleman came to see the doctor. The man was very ill. He told the doctor about his weakness, memory loss and serious problems with his heart and lungs. The doctor examined him and said there was no medicine for his disease.
He told his patient to go to a quiet place for a month and have a good rest. He also advised him to eat a lot of meat, drink two glasses of red wine every day and take long walks. In other words, the doctor advised him to follow the rule: “Eat at pleasure, drink with measure and enjoy life as it is.” The doctor also said that if the man wanted to be well again, he shouldn’t smoke more than one cigarette a day.
A month later the gentleman came into the doctor’s office. He looked cheerful and happy. He thanked the doctor and said that he had never felt a healthier man.
“But you know, doctor,” he said, “it’s not easy to begin smoking at my age.”
【小題1】 The writer thinks that________.

A．health is more important than wealth

B．work is as important as studies

C．medicine is more important than pleasure

D．nothing is more important than money

【小題2】The doctor usually tells his patient what to do ______ .

A．without examining the patient

B．a(chǎn)fter he has examined the patient

C．if the patient doesn’t take medicine

D．unless the patient feels pain

【小題3】The underlined part means “_____ ”.
he was feeling better than ever    B.  he wasn’t a healthy man
C. he was feeling worse than before   D. he will be well again
【小題4】From the last sentence of the passage, we learn the man_____before the doctor told him not to smoke more than one cigarette a day.

A．was a heavy smoker	B． didn’t smoke so much
C．didn’t smoke	D．began to learn to smoke

【小題5】Which of the following is NOT true?

A．The doctor usually tests his/her blood pressure when a person is ill.

B． The man told the doctor he couldn’t remember things.

C．The man thanked the doctor.

D．The man didn’t follow the doctor’s advice.

Bad moods can actually be good for you, with an Australian study finding that being sad makes people less gullible (輕信), improves their ability to judge others and also boosts memory.
The study, authored by psychology professor Joseph Forgas at the University of New South Wales, showed that people in a negative mood were more critical of, and paid more attention to, their surroundings than happier people, who were more likely to believe anything they were told.
"Although positive mood seems to promote creativity, flexibility, cooperation, and reliance on mental shortcuts, negative moods trigger (引發(fā)) more attentive, careful thinking, paying greater attention to the external world," Forgas wrote.
"Our research suggests that sadness ... promotes information processing strategies best suited to dealing with more demanding situations."
For the study, Forgas and his team conducted several experiments that started with inducing happy or sad moods in their subjects through watching films and recalling positive or negative events.
In one of the experiments, happy and sad participants were asked to judge the truth of urban myths and rumors and found that people in a negative mood were less likely to believe these statements.
People in a bad mood were also less likely to make snap decisions based on racial or religious prejudices, and they were less likely to make mistakes when asked to recall an event that they witnessed.
The study also found that sad people were better at stating their case through written arguments, which Forgas said showed that a "mildly negative mood may actually promote a more concrete, accommodative and ultimately more successful communication style."
"Positive mood is not universally desirable: people in negative mood are less prone to judgmental errors, are more resistant to eyewitness distortions（扭曲）and are better at producing high-quality, effective persuasive messages," Forgas wrote.
The study was published in the November/December edition of the Australian Science journal.
【小題1】_ The study suggests that when someone is in a bad mood, he ________ .

A．is particular about everything	B．shows less concern about others
C．is willing to believe what he hears	D．cares more about his surroundings

【小題2】_Which of the following is connected with positive mood?

A．New ideas.

B．Being stubborn.

C．Being careful.

D．Concentration.

【小題3】_ How did researcher put the subjects in good or bad moods?

A．By watching sports programs.	B．By listening to happy or sad stories.
C．By dealing with demanding situations.	D．By thinking back on their past experience.

【小題4】_ Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

A．Positive mood leads to better judgement.

B．Sad people remembered what they saw precisely.

C．Cheerful people were less likely to believe rumors.

D．People in bad mood tend to make quick decisions.

【小題5】_The author intends to convince(說服) us that __________ .

A．Joseph Forgas made a great discovery	B．bad moods can actually be good for us
C．we should think positively and negatively	D．the Australian study is of practical value

A new walking, talking robot from Japan which has black hair and a woman’s face that can smile will attend a fashion show. It has trimmed down（減少）to 43kg, but it still hasn’t reached the safety standards required to share the catwalk with human models.
Developers at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, a government-backed organization, said their “cybernetic（全自動控制的）human” wasn’t ready to help with daily housework or work side by side with people—as many hope robots will be able to do in the future.
“In technology, it hasn’t reached that level,” said Hirohisa Hirukawa, one of the robot’s developers. “Even as a fashion model, people in the industry told us she was short and had a rather ordinary figure.”
For now, the 158 cm tall black-haired robot named HRP-4C—whose predecessor（前任）had weighed 58 kg — will mainly serve to draw and entertain crowds. Developers said the robot may be used in amusement parks or to perform human movement, as an exercise instructor, for instance.
HRP-4C was designed to look like an ordinary Japnese woman, although its silver-and-black body reminds people of a space suit. It will appear in a Tokyo fashion show — without any clothes — in a special part just for the robot next week.
The robotic framework（框架）for  HRP-4C, without the face and other coverings, will go on sale for about 20 million yen（日元） each. Its programming technology will be made public so other people can come up with fun moves for the robot, the scientists said.
Japan is one of the leading robotics industries in the world, and the government is pushing to develop the industry as a road to growth.
【小題1】What do we know about HRP-4C’s predecessor?
A．It is shorter than HRP-4C .    B．It is cleverer than HRP-4C .
C．It is taller than HRP-4C .     D．It is heavier than HRP-4C .
【小題2】According to the passage, how many of the following could HRP-4C do?
a． drawing pictures
b.  walking and talking
c.  doing housework
d.  working with people
e. smiling

A．2

B．3

C．4

D．5

【小題3】Which of the following about HRP-4C is TURE?

A．It wears a space suit.

B．Its price is 20 million dollars.

C．It can be used as an exercise instructor.

D．As a fashion model, it has a perfect figure.

【小題4】HRP-4C’s programming technology will be made public to        .

A．make money	B．make new frameworks
C．let other people improve it	D．help make new face and coverings

【小題5】What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The purpose of making HRP-4C.    B．Robotics industry in Japan.      
C．A new Japanese robot.               D．Japanese and robots.

A good night’s sleep in the early years of life could be very important in preventing a child becoming obese, say scientists. Babies and pre-school children who sleep for less than ten hours a night are more likely to be overweight when they are older, research has found. Experts believe that those who do not get enough sleep are more likely to feel hungry and want more calorie-rich food during the day.
Former research has linked sleeping with obesity in adults and teenagers, but this is one of the first to look at very young children. Researchers from the Universities of Washington and California looked at the sleeping habits of almost 1,000 children under the age of five. They found those who had less than ten hours’ sleep were twice as likely to be overweight five years later.
Childhood obesity has doubled over the past 10 years. A quarter of secondary school pupils are now judged to be so overweight that their health is in danger. Experts believe sleep, or lack（缺乏）of it, could be a major cause of this. On average children are sleeping for an hour less than they did 30 years ago. Last year Chinese researchers looked at more than 5,000 youngsters and found that those who were able to catch up on （補充）sleep at the weekend were far less likely to get body weight problems. Scientists have also found a link between lack of sleep and diabetes（糖尿病）. Last year Canadian researchers discovered those who did not get seven or eight hours’ sleep a night were two and a half times more likely to become sick.
【小題1】The underlined word “obese” in the first paragraph may mean       .

A．quite protective	B．very sad
C．very fat	D．quite young

【小題2】According to Chinese researchers, if a person who lacks sleep can get more sleep during weekends,       .

A．he won’t get hungry easily	B．he will feel tired all the time
C．there will be little chance of him becoming fat
D．it will be very hard for him to fall asleep at night

【小題3】From the passage we know       .

A．too little sleep will result in illness besides obesity

B．in the past people didn’t connect sleep with weight

C．fat children must have slept less than 10 hours five years ago

D．most children are unhealthy because of little sleep

【小題4】What would be the best title of the passage?

A．A good night’s sleep helps the development of kids’ brain!

B．Ten hours’ sleep prevents overweight in kids!

C．Children are sleeping much less nowadays!

D．More teenagers get weight problems!

【小題5】Where can you most probably read this passage?

A．In the latest news.	B．In a children’s book.
C．In a health magazine.	D．In a scientist’s diary.