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Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth’s surface, but earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much.
The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set (堅立架), it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir was not strong, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.
There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic (地震的) sea waves, or tsunamis (海嘯). These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They had nothing to do with tides. In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them “tsunamis” meaning “harbor waves”, because they reach a sizable (相當大的) height only in harbors.
Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An earthquake warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground: There is no way to stop the oncoming wave.
【小題1】Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage?

A．The number of earthquakes is closely related to the depth.

B．Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year.

C．Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles.

D．Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surface.

【小題2】The destruction of Agadir is an example of       .

A．faulty building construction

B．a(chǎn)n earthquake’s strength

C．widespread panic in earthquakes

D．ineffective instruments

【小題3】According to the passage, the waves caused by submarine earthquakes are not noticeable out at sea because of       .

A．their high speed

B．the wide shores

C．their silent movements

D．their long wave length

【小題4】The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may      .

A．help reduce fear

B．find ways to stop them

C．be warned early enough

D．develop warning systems

【小題5】According to the passage, the number of factors that may determine the extent of the disaster in an earthquake is      .

A．two

B．five

C．four

D．three

There are many international organizations which work to save and protect endangered species and natural environment. If you would like more information about any of the organizations listed blow, you can write to the addresses given.

Friends of the Earth (FOE) campaigns on a range of problems including rainforests, the countryside, water and air pollution and energy. Friends of the Earth International Secretariat P. O. Box 19199 1000 G. D. Amsterdam The Netherlands

Greenpeace uses peaceful but direct action to defend the environment. It campaigns to protect rainforests and sea animals, stop global warming and end pollution of air, land and seas. It also opposes nuclear (核) power. Greenpeace International 1016 DW Amsterdam The Netherlands

 

BirdLife international is an organization which works to save endangered birds all over the world BirdLife International Wellbrook Court Girton Road Cambridge CB3 ONA England

WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature is the world’s largest private international organization for the protection of nature and endangered species. Information Officer WWF International Avenue du Mont-Blanc 1196 Gland Switzerland

【小題1】If you want to learn more about the organizations, you can       .

A．call them	B．write them a letter
C．visit them	D．send them an e-mail

【小題2】Which problem will be paid close attention to by FOE?

A．Overhunting ocean animals.

B．Killing endangered birds.

C．Heavy air pollution.

D．Global warming.

【小題3】If you oppose nuclear power, you can join      .

A．Friends of the Earth

B．World Wide Fund For Nature

C．BirdLife International

D．Greenpeace

【小題4】What can we learn about WWF?

A．It helps to protect nature and save endangered animals.

B．It is the world’s largest international organization.

C．It works for private companies and rich people.

D．It is a private organization in the United States.

【小題5】Which is the best title for the passage?

A．Endangered animals

B．Global traffic problems

C．Environmental protection organizations

D．Natural beauty

A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you combine the two to do something for your local environment? As early as next year it may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone, you will be able to bury it in a garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower.
A biodegradable (生物所能分解的) mobile phone was, this month, introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage consumers to recycle.
Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other plastic and can be hard or soft, and is able to change shape. Over time it can also break down into the soil without giving out any poisonous chemicals. British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this new type of cover turns into waste, it forms fertilizers. These feed the seed and help the flower grow.
Engineers have designed a small transparent (透明的) window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows when the phone is thrown away. “We’ve only put sunflower seeds into the covers so far. But we are working with plant experts to find out which flowers would perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time.” said one scientist.
As phone technology is developing so quickly, people are constantly throwing their mobiles away. This means manufacturers are under pressure to find ways of recycling them. Some 650 million mobile phones have been sold this year. Most of them will be thrown away within two years, adding plastic, heavy metal and chemical waste to the environment. A biodegradable cover can offer some relief for nature, according to the scientists.
“The seed comes out and the flower grows in the pot so you don’t have to concern yourself with the phone when you have finished using it.” said Kerry Kirwan. She leads the research team, which is based at the University of Warwick in Britain.
【小題1】What is the purpose of this passage? _____

A．To tell the popularity of biodegradable cell phones.

B．To persuade the reader to buy the biodegradable cell phone.

C．To discuss the development of phone technology

D．To introduce an environment-friendly cell phone to readers.

【小題2】People throw away their cell phones most probably because ____

A．there is something wrong with them

B．no sunflowers can grow out of them

C．they are out of fashion

D．they are becoming cheaper and cheaper

【小題3】It could be learned from the passage that ____.

A．developing the new type of phone is mainly to protect the environment

B．phone-makers will benefit much more from the new type of phone

C．the new type of phone will certainly be popular with users all over the world.

D．the phones that can be recycled are available only in Britain now

【小題4】What might be the most suitable title for this passage?

A．Sunflower and Phone	B．Plant Your Phone
C．Protect Our Environment	D．NO Worry about Phone

Besides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, eco-friendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.
A rain garden （雨水花園）is not very different from a traditional garden. It is just a far more eco-friendly garden. Usually it is built lower than the ground. Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak（浸入）slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply.
Thus, a rain garden keeps the water, allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden, rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused. The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two. This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed. This is a simple, attractive, and eco-friendly “green” way to treat storm water.
What’s more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment. Without using expensive machinery and chemicals, rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%.
Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the locals climate, soil, and water conditions. They may attract local wildlife such as native birds. Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week. Once the native plants establish the necessary root system, it will require little care.
Often, local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems. However, you don’t need to be a professional environmental engineer to create a rain garden. As long as you’re eco-conscious homeowners, you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.
【小題1】Which of the following is NOT RIGHT for the function(功能) of rain gardens?

A．They are good for living conditions.

B．They increase pollution.

C．They can beautify the community.

D．They improve the environment.

【小題2】Which of the following is the eco-friendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4?

A．They can keep the rain and storm water.

B．They can help reduce the pollution problem.

C．They can be healthy for the people around.

D．They can make the environment more beautiful.

【小題3】One of the main reasons why native plants are recommended is that           .

A．they cost less and are much easier to get

B．they may attract local wildlife to come

C．they require little care from the local gardener

D．they are more used to the local growing conditions

【小題4】What do we know about rain gardens?

A．They need little water after all the plants are planted.

B．They usually need at least an inch of rainwater a week.

C．They may attract local birds and change the locals climate.

D．They may reduce the water pollution problem by 70%.

【小題5】Who are the intended readers of the passage?

A．Homeowners.

B．Students.

C．Engineers,

D．Educators.

It helps to choose the colors you plan to live with in your home with awareness of how different colors affect your emotional and physical states. Every color has a unique meaning, and this can significantly affect how you feel in a room.
Simple Solution:
Using this simple chart, you can choose a room’s color to be in balance and harmony with the role you want a room to have in your and your family’s life.

Red: A room that is painted red will energize, inspire activity and movement, help passion, and be powerful and stimulating. it is a great choice for such gathering places. Orange enhances parties,	Orange: Orange rooms encourage happy, joyful, social gatherings. While an orange dining room or family room can stimulate the appetite, it is a great choice for such gathering places. Orange enhances parties, communication, positive feelings, and general good cheer.
Yellow: Yellow rooms inspire intellectual clarity, organization, clear-headed thinking, and happy energy. Yellow is considered a color for the logical left side of the brain. Yellow is also very bright and somewhat energizing.
	Blue: Blue rooms are often chosen for bedrooms and meditation (冥想) rooms because its cool energy is very calming, restful, peaceful, and spiritual. Blue helps inspire a quiet meditative quality, and color therapy with blue has been found to reduce blood pressure. Blue is also useful to make one to sleep.
Green: Green rooms are very restful but combine with an energizing quality. Green is the color of outdoors, calm and active at the same time. Green brings balance and harmony to a room, and can be used as a calming place for people who are troubled or in need of refreshment.

【小題1】What impression can green rooms give to you?

A．Passionate and powerful.	B．Refreshing and harmonious.
C．Cool and calming.	D．Inspiring and bright.

【小題2】If you are going to hold a family gathering, which color of the room can best enhance your atmosphere?

A．Red.

B．Orange.

C．Blue.

D．Green.

【小題3】Which of the following statements about color is NOT true?

A．Yellow rooms inspire logical and clear thinking.

B．Blue creates a quiet meditative quality.

C．Different colors affect you emotionally and physically.

D．Red rooms are acceptable when you are in a bad mood.

For thousands of years, man has enjoyed the taste of apples. Apples, which are about 85 percent water, grow almost everywhere in the world but the hottest and coldest areas. Among the leading countries in apple production are China, France and the United States.
There are various kinds of apples, but a very few make up the majority of those grown for sale. The three most common kinds grown in the United States are Delicious, Golden Delicious, and McIntosh..
Apples are different in color, size and taste. The color of the skin may be red, green or yellow. They have various sizes, with Delicious apples being among the largest. The taste may be sweet or tart(酸的). Generally, sweet apples are tasted fresh while tart apples are used to make applesauce(果醬).
Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve meters. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.
【小題1】It can be learned from the text that Delicious apples are_______.

A．grown in France

B．sold everywhere

C．very big

D．quite sweet

【小題2】Cold winter weather is good for________.

A．the growth of apple trees

B．producing large apples

C．improving the taste of apples

D．the increase of water in apples

【小題3】China, France and the United States are considered to_______.

A．be small producers of apples

B．be large producers of applesauce

C．have the longest history in apple production

D．have the coldest winter among apple production

【小題4】The word yielded in the last sentence means________.

A．improved

B．increased

C．produced

D．sold

Scientists are trying to make the deserts into good land again．They want to bring water to the deserts，so people can live and grow food．They are learning a lot about the deserts．But more and more of the earth is becoming desert all the time．Scientists may not be able to change the desert in time．
Why is more and more land becoming desert？Scientists think that people make deserts．People are doing bad things to the earth．
Some places on the earth don’t get much rain． But they still don’t become deserts． This is because some green plants are growing there． Small green plants and grass are very important to dry places． Plants don’t let the sun make the earth even drier． Plants do not let the wind blow the dirt away． When a bit of rain falls， the plants hold the water． Without plants， the land can become desert more easily．
【小題1】Deserts ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．

A．never have any plants or animals in them

B．can all be turned into good land before long

C．a(chǎn)re becoming smaller and smaller

D．get very little rain

【小題2】Small green plants are very important to dry places because ＿＿＿＿＿ ．

A．they don’t let the sun make the earth even drier

B．they don’t let the wind blow the soil away

C．they hold water

D．All of the above．

【小題3】Land is becoming desert little by little because ＿＿＿＿＿＿．

A．plants can’t grow there

B．there is not enough rain

C．people haven’t done what scientists wish them to do

D．scientists know little about the deserts

【小題4】Why is more and more land becoming desert according to this passage？

A．Earthquakes make deserts.	B．Wind makes deserts.
C． Lack of water makes deserts.	D．People make deserts．

Going Zero Waste means more than dealing with the rubbish we create. It means reducing it, too. People who go Zero Waste are careful about what they do. They never take more than they need, they reuse plastic bags, and they make good plans not to buy more than necessary before going shopping.
Kamikatsu, a Japanese village, has already gone Zero Waste. The 2,000 villagers recycle everything possible. There are 34 different boxes at the recycling center! The villagers sometimes just feel unhappy about what they have to do, but they also see the good side.
Let’s think about how to enjoy a Zero Waste Christmas. By sending recyclable cards, we can help our friends and family reduce(減少) waste. And wouldn’t it be better to enjoy the spirit of Christmas with a real tree that can be re-planted in spring?
Going Zero Waste requires us to think more about what happens before and after we act. It is not always easy. But just think how good it would be, both for ourselves and for the earth we live on, if we never had to waste anything.
【小題1】The underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to __________.

A．a(chǎn) plastic bag

B．the rubbish

C．a(chǎn) difficult thing

D．going Zero Waste

【小題2】Which of the following is a way of going Zero Waste?

A．Plant trees at Christmas.

B．Using plastic bags when shopping.

C．Sending recyclable cards for Christmas.

D．Buying things when you are very hungry.

【小題3】What is the purpose of this passage?

A．To persuade people to reduce waste.

B．To teach people how to enjoy Christmas.

C．To introduce the life of Japanese villagers.

D．To tell people how to deal with difficulties.

【小題4】How is the passage developed?

A．Topic--Examples--Discussion	B．Examples--Argument--Topic
C．Topic--explanation--Argument	D．Examples--Explanation--Discussion

In today’s world, almost everyone knows that air pollution and water pollution are harmful to people’s health. However, not all know that noise is also a kind of pollution, and that is harmful to human, too.
People who work and live under noisy conditions usually become deaf(耳聾的). Today, however, scientists believe that 10% of workers in Britain are deafened by the noise where they work. Many of the workers who print newspapers and books, and who weave cloth become deaf. Quite a few people living near airports also become deaf. Recently it was discovered that many teenagers in America could hear no better than 65-year-old people, for these young people like to listen to “pop” music and most of “pop” music is a kind of noise. Besides, noise produced by jet plane or machines will make people’s life difficult and unpleasant, or even make people ill or even drive them mad. It is said that a continuous noise of over 85 decibels（分貝） can cause deafness.
Nowadays the governments in many countries have made laws to reduce or control noise and make it less than 85 decibels. In China, the people’s government is trying to solve not only air and water pollution problems but also the noise pollution problems.
【小題1】In the world today, not every person knows        .

A．water pollution

B．a(chǎn)ir pollution

C．harmful pollution

D．noise pollution

【小題2】Today scientists believe that       .

A．90% of all the workers in Britain are not suffering from noise

B．10% of all the workers in Britain are working in noisy places

C．10% of all the workers in Britain are deafened by the noise where they work.

D．90% of all the workers are free from any noise

【小題3】Those who       usually have poorer hearing.

A．weave cloth	B．sell newspapers
C．like listening to music	D．often travel by plane

【小題4】According to the passage, a continuous noise       can make you deaf.

A．in working places	B．of less then 85 decibels
C．of over 85 decibels	D．of only 85 decibels

During the 19th century, scientists found that when certain parts of the brain of a person were hurt, he would lose the power of doing certain things. And so people thought that each part of the brain does a different job. But modern research has discovered that this is not so, for it is not easy to show exactly what each part of the brain does.
In the past fifty years there has been a great increase in the amount or research done on the brain. Scientists have found out that the way the brain works is not so simple as people in general may think. Chemists tell us that about 100,000 chemical changes take place in the brain every second. Some recent researches also suggest that we can remember everything that happened to us. We may not be able to think of the things we have heard and seen but it is kept there in the store-house of the human mind. Earlier scientists thought that the power of one’s brain got weaker and weaker as one grows older. But it is plenty of exercise, it keeps its power. It is now thought that is not true. As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise, it keeps its power. It has proved that an old person who has always been active in the mind has a quicker mind than a young person who has done physical work without using much of his brain.
【小題1】In the last century, scientists found that a person would lose the power to do certain things _____.

A．when he got weaker in health

B．if certain parts of his brain were hurt

C．a(chǎn)fter he did a quite different job

D．when he grew older

【小題2】Scientists today are still unable to show exactly ______.

A．what each part of the brain is doing

B．how many chemical changes take place in the brain each second

C．whether each part of the brain does the same job

D．which part of the brain is the most important

【小題3】It has been found that one’s brain usually works ______.

A．faster when he is old

B．a(chǎn) little now and a little then

C．in a very simple way

D．without any rest all day long

【小題4】Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?

A．Scientists are working hard at the researches on the brain.

B．As many as six million chemical changes take place in the brain every minute.

C．A young man doing physical labor is sure to have a much slower mind.

D．Even an old man has a quick mind only if his brain is given much exercise.

【小題5】The more work we give our brains,___________.

A．the less result we will gain

B．the more work they are able to do

C．the weaker their power will get

D．the more tired they will feel