欧美日韩黄网欧美日韩日B片|二区无码视频网站|欧美AAAA小视频|久久99爱视频播放|日本久久成人免费视频|性交黄色毛片特黄色性交毛片|91久久伊人日韩插穴|国产三级A片电影网站|亚州无码成人激情视频|国产又黄又粗又猛又爽的

Believe it or not, optical illusion(錯覺) can cut highway crashes.
Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent strips, called chevrons（人字形標志）, painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.
Now the American Automobile Association Foundations For Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
Excessive（過分） speed plays a major role in as much as one fifty of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards(危險) are the greatest-curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.
Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane（車道） appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction of highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
【小題1】The passage mainly discusses________.

A．a(chǎn) new way of highway speed control

B．a(chǎn) new pattern for painting highway

C．a(chǎn) new way of training drivers

D．a(chǎn) new type of optical illusion

【小題2】On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that________.

A．they should avoid speed-related hazards

B．they are driving in the wrong lane

C．they should slow down their speed

D．they are coming near to the speed limit

【小題3】According to the foundation,____can cause serious traffic accident

A． the straight, horizontal bars

B．greatest curves

C．exit slops , traffic circles, bridges

D． Over-speed driving

【小題4】The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former______.

A．can keep drivers awake

B．can cut road accidents in half

C．will look more attractive

D．will have a longer effect on drivers

【小題5】The Americans automobile association foundation for traffic safety plans to____.

A．try out the Japanese method in certain areas

B．change the road signs across the country

C．replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons

D．repeat the Japanese road patterns

Vending machines （投幣式自動售貨機） are found in 16% of U．S．elementary schools, 52% of middle schools and 88% of high schools．About 22% of students in grades 1 through 12 buy food in vending machines each day—and those purchases added an average of 253 calories to their diets, according to a new study in the September issue of the Journal of School Health．
Just to be clear, those were not 253 calories' worth of tofu, yogurt or carrot．The most popular vending machine items included soft drinks, candy, chips, crackers, cookies, cakes and ice cream．On the plus side （好的方面）, kids also bought low-fat milk, fruit juice and even fruit, the study found．
But the eventual effect on kids' diets was not good．Those who bought from vending machines ate an average of 156 grams of sugar per day, compared with 146 grams for those who abstained （節(jié)制）．They also consumed less fiber, iron and vitamin B．
One silver lining: Vending machine customers ate 4% less sodium （鈉） than other students--an average of 3,287 milligrams per day compared with 3,436 mg for those who didn't buy from vending machines．That's probably because the extra snacks made kids too full to eat as much at mealtimes, when dishes are especially Salty．In any event, kids should eat no more than 1,200 to 1,500 mg of sodium each day, according to the Mayo Clinic．Even for adults, the government recommends a daily limit of 2,300 mg．
Overall, vending machines in school appear to be a threat to children's health．The researchers calculated that all that snacking adds up to about14 extra pounds per child per school year．For some students this might be a serious contributor to weight issues．The study was based on data collected from 2,309 children nationwide for the third School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study, which was
conducted by the U．S．Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service．
【小題1】The students using vending machines take in less of all the following EXCEPT ．

A．sugar

B．fiber

C．vitamin

D．iron

【小題2】The underlined words “One silver lining” mean “      ”．

A．a(chǎn) discouraging condition at present

B．a(chǎn) bright side of a difficult situation

C．a(chǎn)n urgent warning from health experts

D．a(chǎn)n increasing concern from the public

【小題3】Why do kids buying food from vending machines take less salt probably?

A．They prefer less salty food．

B．They have formed healthy eating habits．

C．They eat less food at mealtimes．

D．They take less junk food as snacks．

【小題4】What's the purpose of the text?

A．To teach children a balanced diet．

B．To introduce the finding of a new study．

C．To remind parents of children's health．

D．To tell the history of vending machines．

A simple piece of clothesline hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors．
On one side stand those who see clothes dryers （干衣機） as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment．As a result, they are turning to clotheslines as part of the “what-I-can-do environmentalism．”
On the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at．They have persuaded Homeowners Associations （HOAs） access the U．S．to ban outdoor clotheslines, because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood．
This has led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws to be passed to protect people’s right to use clotheslines．So far, only three states have laws to protect clothesline．Right-to-Dry supporters argue that there should be more．
Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco-conscious（有生態(tài)意識的）person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants．His family also uses a clothesline．But on July 9, 2007, the HOA in Wake Forest, North Carolina, told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline．The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard．“Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don’t take matters into their own hands,” says Reck．The local HOA has decided not to take any action, unless more neighbors come to them．
North Carolina lawmakers are saying that banning clotheslines is not the right thing to do．But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods．They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors can’t even afford dryers, housing prices will fall．
Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary, and in view of global warming, that idea needs to change．As they say, “The clothesline is beautiful．Hanging clothes outside should be encouraged．We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming．”
【小題1】One of the reasons why supporters of clothes dryers are trying to ban clothesline drying is that ______．

A．clothes dryers are more efficient

B．clothesline drying reduces home value

C．clothes dryers are energy-saving

D．clothesline drying is not allowed in most U．S．states

【小題2】Who are in favor of clothesline drying?

A．Housing businesses.

B．Environmentalists．

C．Homeowners Associations．

D．Reck’s dissatisfied neighbors．

【小題3】What is mainly discussed in the text?

A．Clothesline drying: a way to save energy and money．

B．Clothesline drying: a lost art rediscovered．

C．Opposite opinions on clothesline drying．

D．Different varieties of clotheslines．

Because earthquakes happen without warning, it’s important to take measures now to prepare. Because you don’t know where you will be when an earthquake happens, prepare some supplies for your home, workplace, and car.
　　1. Water
　　A person needs at least 1/2 gallon(加侖) of water daily just for drinking. Store at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72-hour period. It is suggested that you buy bottled water. Keep bottled water in its original container and do not open it until you need to use it. Also, do check the “use by” date.
　　2. Food
　　It’s always a practical idea to keep a supply of non-perishable(不易腐爛的) food on hand. Have an enough supply of canned food, powdered milk, dried fruits, non-salted nuts and canned juices for at least 72 hours.
　　3. Torch(手電筒) and spare batteries (電池)
　　Keep a torch beside your bed, at your place of work, and in your car. Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are sure that no gas leaks(泄露).Prepare a battery-powered radio and spare batteries. Most telephones will be out of order, so radios will be your best source of information.
　　4. Clothes
　　If you live in a cold place, you must think about warmth. You might not have heat after an earthquake. Think about your clothing and bedding supplies.
【小題1】Why should people prepare themselves for an earthquake?

A．Because earthquakes can be known before they happen.

B．Because earthquakes take place without warning.

C．Because earthquakes usually take place in the neighborhood.

D．Because it’s people’s daily work to prepare the earthquakes.

【小題2】You should prepare all of the following except ______.

A．powdered milk

B．fresh vegetables

C．dried fruits

D．canned juices

【小題3】According to the article we know that ______.

A．we need to prepare some supplies only at home

B．a(chǎn) telephone is the most important prepared thing

C．a(chǎn)fter earthquakes you’d better use torch first but not matches

D．clothes are used to protect your head

【小題4】If you live in a cold place, you should prepare _______.

A．some warm clothes and bedding supplies	B．some hot water
C．some batteries	D．some torches

Smart phones that react to your moods and televisions that can tell it’s you who’s watching are in your future as Intel Corporation’s top technology expert sets his sights on context-aware computing.
Chief technology officer Justin Rattner showed how personal devices will one day offer advice. “How can we change the relationship so we think of these devices not as devices but as assistants or even companions?” he asked.
Handheld devices could combine already common geographic location technology with data from microphones, cameras, heart and body monitors and even brain scans to offer their owners advice that today only a friend or relative could give.
“Imagine a device that uses a variety of sensors to determine what you are doing at an instant, from being asleep in your bed to being out for a run with a friend, ” Rattner said, “Future devices will constantly learn about who you are, how you live, work and play.’’
Rattner also demonstrated a television remote control that figures out who is holding it based on how it is held, and then learns the viewer’s entertainment preferences.
As the world leader for decades in microchips for servers and desktop computers, Intel is hurrying to catch up in the profitable market for smart phones like Apple’s iPhone and Research in Motion’s Blackberry.
Telephones with e-mail, global positioning and media players are pointing the way to a future where ever more functions are packed into ever smaller mobile devices.
The smart phone industry, including technology giants like LG and Samsung, is likely to sell 270 million phones this year and grow 25 percent in 2011, according to market research company IDC.
“I think you can expect to see features that support context-aware computing starting to appear in Intel products in the near future,” Rattner said.
But analysts say Intel faces an uphill battle getting its microchips into new phones as Nvidia, Marvell and Qualcomm have already made headway with cheap, lower-power processors based on designs by ARM Holdings.
Rattner recognized that questions about privacy and people’s willingness to be intimate with their computers will have to be settled before the future generation of smart phones he described takes off.
“If you think identity threat is a problem today, imagine when your whole context is readily available on the Net.”, he said.
【小題1】The future smart phones can do all of the following except _______.

A．giving responses to the moods of the owners

B．giving proposals like assistants or companions

C．offering advice to their owners’ friends or relatives

D．telling the phone holders or carriers where they are

【小題2】Which of the following are smart phones according to the passage?

A．iPhone and Blackberry	B．LG and Samsung
C．Marvell and Qualcomm	D．Nvidia and ARM Holdings

【小題3】From the passage we can infer that _______.

A．Intel Corporation has become the world leader in the smar tphone market

B．Intel Corporation has fallen behind in the profitable market for smart phones

C．more functions packed into mobile phones will make mobile devices larger

D．the smart phone industry is likely to grow 25 percent in the year of 2011

【小題4】The best title for the passage is likely to be _______.

A．Smart phones and Televisions	B．Context-aware Computing
C．Personalized Televisions	D．Personalized Smart phones

More than a hundred adults and kids gather for the Star Party on a cold evening, chattering excitedly as they stand in the dark on a Virginia hillside. The odd thing is, no one has turned on a flashlight, and no streetlights or house lights wink(閃爍) on around them.
These people have traveled to the countryside more than an hour from Washington, D. C., to get away from the glow of city lights.  That's because they are attending a star party. Star parties are gatherings where professional and amateur astronomers set up their telescopes and invite people to come learn about the night sky. Getting away from light pollution, or artificial skylight from buildings for example,  helps stargazers (看星星的人) see objects in the sky much better.
At this star party, Sean O'Brien of the National Air and Space Museum’s Einstein Planetarium starts off by asking the crowd to simply look up and take in all they can see. He points out plenty of things that can be seen without special equipment. Stars, satellites, and even the Andromeda galaxy(仙女座) can be found if you know where to look.
After that, several dozen astronomers offer close-up views. Each has focused their telescope on a different part of the sky. As kids take a look, the owner gives a mini-lesson.
O’Brien says you can have your own star party at home and learn a lot just by paying attention to what's happening up above. "Watch the sky as the seasons pass, and you will see that it changes," he says. "Or start with the moon. Notice when and where you are seeing it—maybe even in the early morning while you wait for the school bus. "
【小題1】What was it special about the Star Party ?

A．It was organized by the local authority.

B．It was carried out without any lights.

C．It was so cold that people chatted to cheer up.

D．It was held in the town center of Virginia

【小題2】According to the passage, who were involved in the activity ?
a. some invited guests
b. some government officials
c. some experts in astronomy
d. those who were interested in astronomy
e. students who were major in agriculture

A．a(chǎn), c, d

B．a(chǎn), d, e

C．b, d, e

D．c, d, e

【小題3】From the passage, we can infer that if you want to see the objects in the sky            .

A．you'd better escape from pollution and sunlight

B．you'd better follow Sean O'Brien's guidance

C．you'd better buy some advanced equipment

D．you'd better make use of your imagination

【小題4】Which of the following can be best describe what O'Brien says about discovering the stars'?

A．Roman is not built in a day.

B．No pains, no gains.

C．All roads lead to Roman.

D．Time and tide wait for no man.

A farm planted levels or floors is called a vertical（垂直的）farm. A skyscraper type building can house a vertical farm. Since the garden is built upwards，rather than outwards，it requires much less space than a conventional farm.
The world is quickly running out of room for conventional farming. Vertical farms could be a key to this situation. An 18­story vertical farm could feed as many as 50,000 people，all in an area which is the size of the average city block. Vertical farms in the city could cut down on transportation costs as well. Think about the amount of fuel it takes to transport food from farmland to city. The resources saved would be surprising. Besides saving travel time，food would be delivered in fresher condition and with less damage.
There is a growing concern about the use of pesticides(殺蟲劑) in agriculture today. But the vertical farm would be a greenhouse type environment, avoiding the need for a large number of pesticides. Vertical farms can be built in a contained space，therefore they are an excellent solution for living well in an environment far different from our own. Hydroponics(水耕法) could be a big part of vertical gardening. This would reduce the amount of soil needed to grow food. Of course，not all food does well with this type of planting，but there are many crops that actually seem to do better.
In some climates，a lack of sunlight creates a short growing season. The solar power option may not work as well here. The addition of grow lights would make it possible to grow crops in vertical gardens in these areas .In other words，we could grow crops in areas where we never could before.
Vertical farms may just be a concept for now，but they are a concept that will solve many of our problems in the future.
【小題1】According to the passage, a vertical farm________.

A．is mainly built outwards

B．is dependent on solar power

C．is planted on levels upwards

D．is only an environmental friendly farm

【小題2】Compared to the conventional farm, the vertical farm can________.

A．depend far less on sunlight

B．greatly increase the use of soil

C．help to protect the limited gardens

D．reduce the use of harmful pesticides

【小題3】It can be learned from the passage that vertical farms________.

A．have been put into use

B．only use hydroponics to grow food

C．need less room than conventional farms

D．may increase the transportation costs

【小題4】What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Vertical farms for our future

B．Ways to deal with future problems

C．Vertical farms and green skyscrapers

D．Making Full Use of Our Limited Land

By 2050
Futurologists（未來學(xué)家）predict that life will probably be very different in 2050.
TV channels（頻道）will have disappeared. Instead, people will choose a program from a “menu” and a computer will send the program directly to the television. Today, we can use the World Wide Web to read newspaper stories and see pictures on a computer thousands of kilometers away. By 2050, music, films, programs, newspapers, and books will come to us by computer.
Cars will run on new, clean fuels and they will go very fast. Cars will have computers to control the speed and there won’t be any accidents. Today, many cars have computers that tell drivers exactly where they are. By 2050, the computer will control the car and drive it to your destination. Space planes will take people halfway around the world in 2 hours. Today, the United States Space Shuttle can go into space and land on Earth again. By 2050, space planes will fly all over the world and people will fly from Los Angeles to Tokyo in just 2 hours.
Robots will have replaced people in factories. Many factories already use robots. Big computers prefer robots—they don’t ask for pay rises or go on strike, and they work 24 hours a day. By 2050, we will see robots everywhere—in factories, schools, offices, hospitals, shops and homes.
Medical technology will have conquered many diseases. Today, there are devices（設(shè)備）that connect directly to the brain to help people hear. By 2050, we will be able to help blind and deaf people to see and hear again.
Scientist will have discovered how to control genes（基因）. Scientists have already produced clones（克�。﹐f animals. By 2050, scientists will be able to produce clones of people, and decide how they look, how they behave and how clever they are. Scientists will be able to do these things, but should they?
【小題1】According to the passage, the following can be realized today EXCEPT __________.

A．reading newspapers on a computer

B．making a space shuttle go into space and land on Earth again

C．creating cloned animals

D．choosing TV programs freely from a “menu”

【小題2】We can learn from the passage that some big companies prefer robots to human workers, because human workers __________.

A．can work 24 hours a day

B．often ask for more pay

C．a(chǎn)re not clever enough

D．a(chǎn)re often late for work

【小題3】From Paragraph 5 we can infer that __________.

A．there will be no blind and deaf people by 2050

B．few diseases will attack people by 2050

C．devices are connected directly to the brain to help people hear

D．medical technology will be more effective by 2050

【小題4】What is the author’s attitude towards the cloning technology?

A．The author does not support the use of cloning technology.

B．The author thinks human cloning is impossible.

C．The author does not really support the idea of human cloning.

D．The author is quite excited about human cloning.

Light for the City
Edison and his assistants came to New York to set up an electric power system. They hoped it would provide enough electricity to light up a part of the great city.
They bought several machines with them. These were called generators(發(fā)電機), which produced electricity power for lamps in Edison’s building.
Soon there were lights for the building. Edison lived in a room facing the street and he often worked over night. The light burned brightly and steadily and he often worked over night. People often came and stopped their horse-drawn carriage to look. Everyone knew that Thomas Edison was in town.
First, the inventor and his assistants produced several large generators. A great deal of power would be needed to light up even a small part of the city. Then the workers were busy digging deep trenches in the hard earth below the city streets, and Edison had fourteen miles of wire laid into the trenches. The wire connected each building to a generator.
Setting up an electric power system was not an easy job. It took a year and a half. In September, 1882, the job was finished.
A small group of men stood around Edison inside the power house. The big moment came at last. The inventor, taking a deep breath, pulled a switch. The electric lights flashed up.
“Very good! Very good!” a man nearby shouted to praise Edison for what he had done.
“Sir,” said Edison, “this is only the beginning!” And Edison was right. Soon Edison’s lamp were lighting up cities all over the world.                
【小題1】The generators they brought with them could produce as much as electricity as ______ needed.

A．Edison’s building	B．a(chǎn) small part of the city
C．the whole city	D．the world

【小題2】Trenches were dug to ______.

A．set up generators

B．lay wires

C．built city streets

D．build a power house

【小題3】It took a year and a half to ______.

A．set up the electric system

B．produce several large generators

C．dig the deep trenches

D．lay fourteen miles of wire into the trench

【小題4】Edison took a deep breath before pulling a switch, which showed that he was ______.

A．excited

B．frightened

C．uneasy

D．light-hearted

Today just as technology changed the face of industry, farmers have undergone an "agricultural revolution". On the farm of today, machines provide all the power.
One of the most important benefits will be the farm computer. A few forward-looking farmers are already using computers to help them run their farms more efficiently. The computers help them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect. Many computer companies have been developing special computer programs just for farmers. Programs are being written for hog(豬) producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers. In the future, farmers will be able to purchase computer programs made to their needs. Because of the growing importance of computers on the farm, students at agricultural colleges are required to take computer classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses. There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on computers even more in the future. While the old-time farm depended on horse power, and modern farms depend on machine power, farms of the future will depend on computer power.
Another technological advance which is still in the experimental stage is the robot, a real "mechanized hired hand" that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being. Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear(修剪) sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit. Even complex jobs will be done by robots. For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the special barn(畜棚), then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished. In the future, this will all be done by robots. In addition, when the milking is completed, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure. The complete mobilization of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long.
【小題1】Which sentence carries the main idea of the whole passage? 

A．The first sentence of the first paragraph.

B．The first sentence of the second paragraph.

C．The first sentence of the third paragraph.

D．The last sentence of the second paragraph.

【小題2】Which of the following statements is true?  

A．Farmers in the future will depend totally on computers.

B．Both computers and robots have been in use on today's farms.

C．Farmers mainly use machines on their farms at present.

D．Farmers can do nothing without the help of computers on today's farms.

【小題3】 According to the engineers,_____________ will be done by robots in the near future.

A．a(chǎn)ll farm work	B．milking cows
C．most of the farm work	D．some house work

【小題4】What is the best title for the passage?

A．Computer—Farmers' Best Friend	B．Farmers in the Future
C．Robots in the future	D．Revolution on the farm