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Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history.
Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the world forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger.
Why should people care? Because we need animals. And because once they are gone, there will never be any more.
Animals are more than just beautiful and interesting. They are more than just a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature (生態(tài)平衡). Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems.
For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks (老鷹), the farmers’ stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice. Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice. With no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied(繁殖)quickly.
Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger.
Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid (禁止) the killing of any animals or plants on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing.
【小題1】 Animals are important to us mainly because____ .

A．they give us a source of food

B．they are beautiful and lovely

C．they keep the balance of nature

D．they give us a lot of pleasure

【小題2】What has happened to the animals on the earth?

A．Hundreds of kinds of animals have disappeared forever.

B．Many kinds of animals have died out.

C．About 170 kinds of animals have disappeared forever.

D．All kinds of animals are in danger.

【小題3】 Which of the following is NOT true?

A．People care much about animals because they need them.

B．Once a certain kind of animals is gone forever, there will never be any more.

C．Killing rats and mice will cause some problems.

D．Laws have been passed to forbid the killing of any animals or plants on the danger list in some countries.

【小題4】 What can we infer from the fact that quite a few countries have passed laws protecting animals in danger?

A．Every person will know the importance of protecting wild animals.

B．Animals in danger will not be killed any more.

C．Animals in danger will be kept away from people.

D．The number of some animals in danger will increase.

From the beginning rivers have played an important in the life of man．Man of the earliest times used the rivers as a means of travel．Today rivers still serve as a great waterway for the transport and people．
In ancient times, man settled near rivers or on river banks and built up large empires．
Water is nature’s most valuable gift to man．Man needs water to irrigate his crops, to cook and to wash．In nations all over the world, rivers mean life and wealth．They feed and clothe the nations around them．
Water is also a source of energy and power．Man build huge dams across the rivers to control the water for irrigation and get the energy needed to drive generators．The electrical power is then directed to homes, cities, factories and television stations．
Man uses water each day．In a small way rivers help to keep man in good health and provide for his amusements．Various forms of water sports keep man strong and healthy．
【小題1】Rivers have been important to man _______．

A．since they came into being	B．since the last century
C．since a few hundred years ago．	D．since the beginning of BC

【小題2】Man in old times traveled from one continent to another ______．

A．by air

B．by sea

C．by train

D．by bus

【小題3】Generators are machines that are used ______．

A．to direct electrical power	B．to control the water
C．to produce electricit	D．to build dams y

【小題4】Which of the following statements is true?

A．People get energy by building bridges across rivers．

B．In ancient times large empires grew up near dams．

C．People can be provided with amusements in small rivers．

D．Large rivers are still useful for transportation in modern times．

WASHINGTON --- It’s a great achievement that inspires concepts of robots with consciousness and independent minds.
When people or animals get hurt, they can usually compensate for minor injuries and keep limping along, but for robots, even slight damage can make them stumble and fall. However, a recently made robot has demonstrated a new ability: it can heal its own damage.
The new robot, which looks like a splay-legged (弓形腿的), four-footed starfish, can sense injury to itself and adapt. That ability sets the new robot apart from earlier machines. Because the robot can recover from unfamiliar places.
“There is a need for planetary robotic rovers (行星機器探測車) to be able to fix things on their own,” says Josh Bongard, a professor in the University of Vermont, who is one of the device’s creator. “Robots on other planets must be able to continue their mission without human help if they are damaged and cannot communicate their problem back to Earth.”
A typical robot functions according to a computer program, but the new robot works differently. First, sensors in its four legs observe the robot’s movements and signals to its built-in computer. From the information it collects, the robot creates its own programs that allow it to adapt to different situations. For example, when the researchers shortened one of the robot’s legs, the smart machine simply adjusted its way of walking—it used three legs instead of four.
The researchers are looking for other places to put the resilient robot to work. One spot is the ocean floor. That dark and dangerous undersea area might be a good choice for a robot that the scientists call the Starfish. “We never officially named the robot, but we usually refer to it as the Starfish, even though a real starfish has five rather than four legs,” says Bongard. “Also, a real starfish is much better than our robot at recovering from injury, because it can actually grow its legs again.” Scientists have created robots that help humans in many ways: by exploring space, fighting fires, and even performing surgery.
【小題1】The newly designed robot distinguishes itself from the former ones because it________.

A．can communicate with people on the earth about their problems

B．works according to a certain computer program

C．can find its problems and solve them automatically

D．can explore unfamiliar places

【小題2】An example is given in the fourth paragraph in order to explain that the robot ________.

A．is used to create new programs

B．has typical robot functions

C．has sensors to observe its movements

D．can gather information and adapt to new conditions

【小題3】Which of the following is TRUE about the robot “Starfish”?

A．It was spoken highly of by people for its special ability.

B．It will stumble and fall if damaged.

C．It can grow its legs again once they are broken.

D．It has started to work on the ocean floor.

【小題4】What might be the best title of the passage?

A．How the Starfish Robot Works

B．Do-It-Yourself Robot Repair

C．Robots Designed to Work on Other Planets

D．New Robot Helping Us in Many Ways

When we think about giving help to developing countries, we often think about giving money so that these countries can build schools and hospitals, buy food and medicine, or find clean water supplies. These seem to be the most important basic needs of the people we are trying to help. However, it's far from enough. Ladies and gentlemen, we've got to come up with some better ideas to help them.
I was very surprised, then, when I read about a plan to make cheap laptop computers for children in developing countries. A man called Nicholas Negroponte invented a cheap laptop computer, which can run without electricity. He decided to invent this computer after he visited a school in Cambodia.
The laptop which Mr. Negroponte has designed is a little different from the normal laptop computers you can buy in the shops. One difference is that it is covered in rubber so that it is very strong and won't be damaged easily. As an electricity supply can be a problem in developing countries, the computer also has a special handle so that children can wind the computer up to give it extra power when needed.
These special laptop computers will cost less than 100 US dollars and Mr. Negroponte wants to build as many as 15 million machines in the first year of production. The idea is that these computers will help the children's education as they will be able to access the Internet. These computers might not help the people in developing countries immediately, but by improving children's education they should help people to find their own solutions to their problems in the long term.
Another idea to help children in developing countries is to recycle old mobile phones so that they can be used again. In the UK, and, probably in many other countries too, millions of mobile phones are thrown away every year. The waste created by throwing away these old phones is very bad for the environment, so it seems to be an excellent idea to recycle them. In this way we will be able to achieve two important goals at the same time. We will reduce the waste we produce and help others. In other words, we will be able to 'kill two birds with one stone', and that is always a good thing.
【小題1】  The author gives the example of Mr. Negroponte's cheap computers _______.

A．to show what high tech can bring us.

B．to illustrate the kindness of people in the developed countries

C．to show how to find business opportunities in developing countries

D．to give an example of how to help developing countries

【小題2】Which of the following statements is TRUE about Mr. Negroponte's cheap computers?

A．His computers don’t need any power to function well.

B．His computers are covered with rubber so that they are very cheap.

C．His computers will help children in developing countries to have better education.

D．His computers will help people in developing countries to find all the solutions.

【小題3】Where does this passage probably come from?

A．A magazine

B．A newspaper

C．A lecture

D．An advertisement

Recently Dr. Cleiman has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle. During the hours when you labor through your work, you may say that you are “hot”. That is true, the time of day when you feel most energetic (full of energy) is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak(top). For some people the peak comes during the forenoon(上午前). For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so.
Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what this energy cycle means and which cycle each member of the family has.
You cannot change your cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. “Habits can help,” Dr. Cleiman believes. If your energy cycle is low in the morning but you have an important job early in the day, rise before your usual hour, and then you will work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a lazy yawn(哈欠) and stretch. Sit on the edge of bed before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.
【小題1】 Dr. Cleiman did not explain in the passage ___________.

A．how people can make their life fit their cycle

B．whether everyone has a daily cycle or not

C．why people have their energy cycle of body at different times

D．what will happen in the family if the couple fail to realize which cycle each member has

【小題2】For what reason may husbands and wives quarrel with each other?

A．Either of them gets up late in the morning.

B．Husbands and wives have different cycles of energy.

C．Either of them wants to change the cycle of the other’s.

D．They do not know which cycle they themselves have.

【小題3】According to the passage,____________.

A．one should get up earlier if he wants to work better at his low point in the morning

B．one can change his cycle

C．whenever you feel hot, your energy cycle reaches the highest

D．your cycle must be in the morning if you can get up early

【小題4】Which of the following can save your energy in the morning?

A．Getting up late.	B．Jumping out of bed as quickly as possible.
C．Looking for clean clothes.	D．Sitting for a while before getting out of bed.

【小題5】 Which of the following statements is wrong?

A．If you know your cycle you can make good use of time.

B．If you know your cycle you can change it to fit your life.

C．Father and son do not necessarily have the same cycle.

D．Having a habit of doing something can make people affected less by their energy cycle.

For centuries, the body’s blood has been linked closely with the emotions．People who show no human emotions or feelings, are said to be cold-blooded killer．For example, the police are searching for a cold-blooded killer．He seems to kill for no reason, and no emotion, as if taking someone’s life as nothing．
Cold can affect other parts of the body．The expression “get cold feet” has nothing to do with cold or your feet．The expression means being afraid to do something you have decided to do．For example, you agree to be president of an organization．But then you learn that all the other officers have resigned, and all the work of the organization will be your responsibility．You are likely to get cold feet about being president when you understand the situation.
The expression “give someone the cold shoulder” probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone, instead of speaking to him face to face．You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to you．Or, to someone who has lied about you to others．
A cold fish is not a fish．It is a person．But it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and shows no love or warmth．A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone．Someone who is a cold fish could be cold-hearted．Now a cold-hearted person is someone who has no sympathy(同情心)．Several popular songs in recent years were about cold-hearted men or cold-hearted women who, without feelings, broke the hearts of their lovers．
Out in the cold means not getting something that everybody else got．A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise---he was left out in the cold．And it is not a pleasant place to be．
【小題1】There are _________ expressions related to cold that are mentioned in the passage．

A．3

B．4

C．6

D．7

【小題2】 When you refuse to speak to a man and treat him in a distant way, you may express by “_________”．

A．I give him the cold shoulder	B．I think he is a cold-blooded man
C．I think he is a cold fish	D．I’m likely to get cold feet

【小題3】If Sue shows absolutely no reaction（反應） to those awful pictures of starving children in Africa, you will say _________．

A．she is a cold-blooded killer	B．she gets cold feet
C．she is a cold fish	D．she is out in the cold

【小題4】We can use the expression “__________” to describe a man who hurts his lover without mercy．

A．cold-blooded

B．cold shoulder

C．cold feet

D．cold-hearted

【小題5】The topic of this passage is about _________．

A．the relationship between cold and our body

B．some expressions about friendship

C．some expressions connected with cold

D．how cold weather comes into being

No one knows for certain why people dream, but some dreams misht be connected to the mental processes that help us learn. In a recent study, scientists found a connection between nap-time (午睡時間) dreams and better memory in people who were learning a new skill.
“I was astonished by this finding,” Robert Stickgold told Science News. He is a cognitive neuroscientist at Harvard Medical School who worked on the study of-how the brain and nervous system work, and cognitive studies look at how people learn and reason. So a cognitive neuroscientist may study the brain processes that help people learn.
In the study, 99 college students between the ages of 18 and 30 each spent an hour on a computer, trying to get through a virtual maze (虛擬迷宮). The maze was difficult, and the study participants had to start in a different place each time they tried - making it even more difficult. They were also told to find a particular picture of a tree and remember where it was.
For the first 90 minutes of a five-hour break, half of the particularity stayed awake and half were told to take a short nap. Participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts. Participants who took a nap were asked about their dreams before sleep and after steep - and they were awakened within a minute of sleep to describe their dreams.
About a dozen of the 50 people who slept said their dreams were connected to the maze. Some dreamed about the music that had been playing when they were working; others said they dreamed about seeing people in the maze. When these people tried the computer maze again, they were generally able to find the tree faster than before their naps. However, people who had other dreams, or people who didn’t take a nap, didn’t show the same improvement.
Stickgold suggests the dream itself doesn’t help a person learn - it’s the other way around.
【小題1】It is a cognitive scientists job to study__     .

A．how people dream and learn

B．the structure of the nervous system

C．whether someone is reasonable

D．the process of understanding

【小題2】The purpose of the study attended by 99 college students is to       .

A．find the hidden tree in the maze

B．test the design of a difficult virtual maze

C．train people’s memory

D．see how dreams and learning are connected

【小題3】The better performance in working out the maze is connected with         .

A．how people dream	B．what people dream
C．when people dream	D．where people dream

【小題4】The writer will probably continue to talk about            in the 6^th paragraph.

A．how learning process caused the dream

B．how a dream helps a person learn

C．how dreams and learning influence each other

D．how to improve people’s memory

After years of hearing drivers complain about scratches (劃痕) on their cars, Japan’s Nissan Motor Company has officially announced the next big thing--a paint that not only resists scratches and scrapes, but actually repairs itself within a few days.
The new material, developed by Nippon Paint Company, contains an elastic rubbery-like resin (彈性樹脂) that is able to heal minor (較小的) marks caused by car wash equipment, parking lot encounters, road debris (石頭碎片) or even on-purpose destruction.
The automaker admits its results vary depending on the temperature and the depth of the damage, but adds “this is the only paint like it in the world, and tests prove it works.”
Minor scratches, the most common type, are said to slowly fade over about a week. And once they’re gone, there is no trace (痕跡) that they were ever there.
The special paint is said to last for at least three years after it is first applied, but there is no word yet on whether more can be added after that period.
Nissan claims car washes are the worst offenders for this type of damage, accounting for at least 80 percent of all incidents.
But the complete auto-healing won’t come without scratching your wallet. The vehicle maker notes the special paint adds about $ 100 US to the price of a car.
It plans to use its new chemical mixture only on its X-Trail SUVs in Japan for now, as it looks for a more widespread presentation. And while plans to offer the feature overseas haven’t been made yet, if it’s a hit there, you can be almost sure market forces will drive it to these shores as well.
【小題1】 From the article, we can find that_______.

A．the paint has already been used on cars by now

B．the paint beats other products of its kind in its lengthy effect

C．car damage is mainly caused by scratches and scrapes

D．marketing this paint in Europe is not under way

【小題2】The paint used on cars can_________.

A．last 3 years before it is re-applied again

B．fade only in a few days

C．help cars recover from minor paint damage

D．reduce car scrape incidents to 20 percent

【小題3】What does the underlined part refer to?

A．Certain models of Nissan.	B．Name for one kind of paint.
C．Somewhere in Japan.	D．A word standing for a car-dealer store.

【小題4】 What can be inferred from the article?

A．The paint was developed by Nissan Motor Company.

B．The paint might work better in summer than in winter.

C．The mark on the car could disappear as soon as the paint is applied.

D．The paint is very popular in Japan.

Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.
The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household’s waste in the UK. In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.
Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK, for example, is running out of areas for burying this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.
But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But is also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.
There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realise just how much unnecessary material are collecting. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.
【小題1】What does the underlined phrase “over-consumption” refer to?

A．Using too much packaging.

B．Recycling too many wastes.

C．Making more products than necessary.

D．Having more material than is needed.

【小題2】The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show _______.

A．the tendency of cutting household waste

B．the increase of packaging recycling

C．the rapid growth of super markets

D．the fact of packaging overuse

【小題3】 What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?

A．Unpackaged products are of bad quality.

B．Supermarkets care more about packaging.

C．It is improper to judge quality by packaging.

D．Other products are better packaged than food.

【小題4】 What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Fighting wastefulness is difficult.

B．Needless material is mostly recycled.

C．People like collecting recyclable waste.

D．The author is proud of their consumer culture.

Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly, The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.
Certain microorganisms (微生物) cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (釋放) poisons that make people sick.
Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepaid. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.
When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.
Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.
【小題1】Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．Food when poisoned can make people sick.

B．Food poisoning means death.

C．Food poisoning comes in varieties.

D．Food poisoning can be serious.

【小題2】 We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning       .

A．a(chǎn)re always accompanied by a fever

B．a(chǎn)re too common to be noted

C．can be noticed within hours

D．can be ignored

【小題3】Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT     .

A．some chemicals	B．low temperatures
C．some tiny living things	D．certain natural materials

【小題4】It can be inferred from the passage that

A．natural materials are safe in food processing

B．chemicals are needed in food processing

C．food poisoning can be kept under control

D．food poisoning is out of control