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閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
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Researchers who helped discover a new species of Mexican butterfly are offering to sell the naming rights to raise money to fund more research. Co-discoverer Andrew Warren is hoping to raise at least $50,000 by auctioning(拍賣) off the rights to name the 4-inch “owl eye” butterfly, which lives in Sonora, a Mexican state bordering Arizona.
“That would support at least two years of research for our team down in Mexico,” Warren said. “Money goes a long way down here in Mexico.”
According to the scientific tradition, discoverers of a new species have the say in naming it. In recent years, some discoverers have auctioned off their naming rights to raise money.
Warren said the amount being sought for the butterfly is not out of the question, noting that naming rights for a new monkey species brought in $650,000 two years ago. A group of 10 new fish species that went on the naming auction block at the same time earlier this year brought in a total of $2 million.
The butterfly discovered by Warren and researcher George Austin ranges as far north as Mexico.
The butterfly was actually in a collection, misidentified as an example of another new species, at the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity at the Florida Museum of National History in Gainesville, said Warren. They soon began the hard process of determining that it was indeed a “new” model of butterfly.
After checking photos and comparing it with other known species, they determined it was a separate species.
【小題1】Where did the researchers discover the new species of butterflies?

A．In Sonora.	B．In Mexico state.
C．In a place in US.	D．Near the US-Mexico border.

【小題2】 Why will the researchers sell the naming rights of the butterfly?

A．To raise money for wildlife protection.

B．To raise money for more research.

C．To cause people’s attention to the new discovery.

D．To cover the cost of the research.

【小題3】When the butterfly was first discovered, people thought ______.

A．it was a new species at once

B．it wasn’t a species of American butterfly

C．it belonged to the monarch branches

D．it belonged to a new species

【小題4】 We can infer from the passage that ______.

A．the new species of butterfly live both in the US and Mexico

B．it took the researchers a lot of efforts to determine the new species of butterfly

C．the researchers are not sure whether they can get the money they want from the auction

D．it is the first time that the new species of butterfly has been found

The German shepherd runs off and noses around in the grass of Kenya’s Laikipia Plateau. “OK, Oakley,” the dog’s handler orders, “Find it!”
Oakley sniffs (嗅) until he comes to a bush, then stops, sits, and looks up at his handler. She bends to see what he has found: the waste of an endangered African wild dog. “Good dog!” she praises. The handler pulls a tennis ball from her pocket. Oakley jumps for his reward.
“He doesn’t actually want the waste,” says Aimee Hurt, a founding member of the U.S.-based group Working Dogs for Conservation. Hurt is in Kenya to train both Oakley and his handler. “He finds it so he can play with his ball. We’re the ones who want the waste.”
Detection dogs are sometimes taught to locate actual animals. Black-footed ferrets (雪貂) have been studied with their help. But more often the dogs learn to locate the waste of creatures such as bears, wolves and mountain lions.
What the dogs find provides scientists with data about a species. Scientists can use the DNA collected from animal waste to identify individuals, sex, and population sizes — all without ever seeing the animal itself. “It can take years to gather this kind of information if you have to trap animals,” Hurt explains.
Waste analysis might make a huge difference when wild species are accused of attacking domestic livestock (家畜). Hurt says, “A good detection dog will find the waste so we can see what the animal is actually eating.” This may help reduce problems between people and wildlife.
【小題1】 The underlined word “She” in Paragraph 2 refers to  “_____”.

A．the German shepherd

B．a(chǎn)n African wild dog

C．Aimee Hurt

D．the handler

【小題2】 Oakley is interested in finding the waste because _____.

A．he wants to study endangered animals

B．he can get a tennis ball to play with

C．he wants to eat it

D．he wants to play with it

【小題3】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Trapping animals is not difficult.

B．People are making efforts to protect the environment.

C．Detection dogs attack domestic livestock frequently.

D．Collecting animal waste is a good way to gather information.

【小題4】What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Detection dogs can help scientists study wildlife.

B．Detection dogs can defend wildlife.

C．Detection dogs can help the police catch the criminals.

D．Detection dogs can help local people defend domestic livestock.

Light travels at a speed which is about a million times faster than the speed of sound. In one second, light travels about 300,000km, but sound travels only 344m. You can get some idea of this difference by watching the start of a race. If you stand some distance away from the starter, you can see smoke come from his gun before the sound reaches your ears. This great speed of light produces some strange facts. Sunlight takes about 8 minutes to reach us. If you look at the light of the moon tonight, remember that the light rays（光線）left the moon 1.3 seconds before they reached you. The nearest star is so far away that the light which you can see from it tonight started to travel towards you four years ago at a speed of nearly 2 million km per minute. In some cases the light from one of tonight’s stars started on its journey to you before you were born.
Thus, if we want to be honest, we cannot say “ The stars are shining tonight.” We have to say, “ The stars look pretty. They were shining four years ago but their light has only just reached Earth.”
【小題1】 Light speed is ________ than sound speed.

A．millions times faster	B．a(chǎn) million times slower
C．a(chǎn)bout millions of times faster	D．a(chǎn)bout a million times faster

【小題2】If you stand 200 meters away from a man who is firing a gun to start a race, you will find out that _____.

A．you can hear the gun before you see the smoke.

B．sound does not travel as fast as light.

C．the sound of the gun will reach you before the man fires his gun.

D．sound travels about a million times faster than light.

【小題3】What does “ it” refer to?

A．moon light

B．light rays

C．the nearest star

D．the moon

【小題4】The scientific way of saying “ The stars are shining tonight” should be________.

A．the stars have been shining all the time.

B．the stars seen tonight will be shining four years later.

C．the stars were shining long ago but are seen tonight.

D．the starlight seen today could be seen four years ago.

Now satellites are helping to forecast（預(yù)報）the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere（大氣）, because this is where the weather forms（形成）. They send these pictures to the weather stations. So meteorologists（氣象學(xué)家）can see the weather of any part of the world. From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change.
Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures. When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare（比較）them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this.
So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead（提前）.
【小題1】Satellites travel _____________.

A．in space	B．in the atmosphere
C．a(chǎn)bove the ground	D．a(chǎn)bove space

【小題2】 Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere? Because __________.

A．the weather satellites can do it easily

B．clouds form there

C．the weather forms there

D．the pictures can forecast the weather

【小題3】Meteorologists forecast the weather __________.

A．when they have received satellite pictures

B．a(chǎn)fter they have compared new satellite pictures with earlier ones

C．before they received satellite pictures

D．during they study satellite pictures

【小題4】The main（主要的）idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in _________.

A．taking pictures of the atmosphere

B．receiving pictures of the atmosphere

C．doing other work in many ways

D．weather forecasting

Scientists say they now have proof to support the old-fashioned advice that it’s best to sleep on a problem．They say sleep strengthens the memory and helps the brain organize the masses of information we receive each day．
The lead researcher Bob Stickgold at the Harvard Medical School said, “Sleep helps us draw rules from our experiences．It’s like knowing the difference between dogs and cats even if it’s hard to explain．”
The US research team studied how well students remembered connections between words and symbols, reports New Scientist．They compared how the students performed if they had had a sleep between seeing the words and having the test, and if they had not slept．They found that people were better able to remember lists of related words after a night’s sleep than after the same time spent awake during the day．They also found it easier to remember themes that the words had in common．But they forgot around one in four more themes if they had been awake．
Prof．John Groeger, of Survey University’s Sleep Research Centre, said, “People have been trying for years to find out what the purpose of sleep is, as we know that only certain parts of it have a restorative （促使康復(fù)的）value．”
“We form and store huge numbers of experiences in the head every day, and sleep seems to be the way the brain deals with them all．”
【小題1】The phrase “to sleep on a problem” in Paragraph 1 most likely means “________”．

A．to pay full attention to a problem

B．to wait until the next day for a decision

C．to sleep to forget a problem

D．to have difficulty in sleeping

【小題2】In the study by the US research team, students were asked to ________．

A．put together words of similar meanings

B．remember words and their meanings

C．show their knowledge of words

D．make up lists of related words

【小題3】Which of the following may be easier to remember?

A．Themes learned right before the test．

B．Rules from personal experiences．

C．Words learned before a good sleep．

D．Ideas stored together in the brain．

【小題4】What may be the importance of the research?

A．It shows that sleep may help us manage information．

B．It helps find out the common themes of words．

C．It tells us that more sleep can improve health．

D．It proves the value of old-fashioned advice．

Visitors to Britain may find the best place to sample local culture is in a traditional pub．But these friendly pubs can be dangerous places of potential gaffes（失禮）for the newcomers．
A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown customs of British pubs - starting with the difficulty of getting a drink．Most pubs have no waiters - you have to go to the bar to buy drinks．A group of Italian youths waiting 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own．This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose．
Pub culture is designed to promote sociability（社交）in a society known for its reserve．Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served．The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely suitable and really quite normal behavior．“If you haven’t been to a pub, you haven’t been to Britain．” This tip can be found in a booklet, Passport to the Pub: The Tourists’ Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customers’ rule of conduct for those wanting to sample “a central part of British life and culture”．
The trouble is that if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat．For example, if you are in a big group, it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks．Nothing annoys the regular customers and bar staff more than a group of strangers blocking all access to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order．
【小題1】The underlined word “sample” in the first paragraph probably means “________”．

A．taste	B．experience
C．test	D．record

【小題2】The culture of pub in Britain is so developed to ________．

A．encourage people to communicate with each other

B．encourage more people to consume drinks

C．a(chǎn)ttract more tourists to the pubs

D．form its own character of culture

【小題3】If you don’t follow the local rules in a pub, ________．

A．you won’t buy good local drinks

B．you may annoy the regular customers and bar staff

C．you may fail to feel the local culture

D．you might get into a dangerous place

【小題4】What may be the best title for the passage?

A．Self-service Pubs in Britain

B．British Local Pubs: Special Chat Places

C．Local Pub Culture in Britain

D．Manners in British Local Pubs

Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.
Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.
Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.
【小題1】We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.

A．depend on one sense in choosing food

B．choose food in similar ways

C．a(chǎn)re not satisfied with their food

D．eat entirely different food

【小題2】 Which of the following eats only one type of food?

A．The white butterfly.

B．The bear.

C．The small bird.

D．The fox.

【小題3】Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.

A．the season changes

B．they move to different places

C．the food color changes

D．they are attracted by different smells

【小題4】We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.

A．food is chosen for a good reason

B．some people have few choices of food

C．French and British food is good

D．some people care little about healthy diet

Watercolour is the oldest paints known. It dates back to the early cave men who discovered they could add lifelike qualities to drawings of animals and other figures on the walls of caves by mixing the natural colours found in the earth with water.
Fresco (壁畫), one of the greatest of all art forms, is done with watercolour. It is created by mixing paints and water and applying these to wet plaster (灰泥). Of the thousands of people who stand under Michelangelo’s heroic ceiling in the Sistine Chapel, very few know that they are looking at perhaps the greatest watercolour painting in the world.
The invention of oil painting by the Flemish masters in the fifteenth century made fresco painting go down-hill, and for the next several centuries watercolour was used mainly for doing sketches (草圖) or as a tool for study. It was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that English painters put back watercolour as a serious art form. The English have a widely-known love for outdoors and also small private pictures. The softness of watercolour had a remarkably strong attraction for them.
The popularity of watercolour continued to grow until the twentieth century. The United States passed England as the center for watercolour, producing such well-known watercolour artists as Thomas Eakins and Andrew Wyeth.
【小題1】 The purpose of the passage is to introduce _____. 

A．the gradual weakness of fresco painting

B．oils’ power or influence over watercolour

C．the discovery of watercolour in England

D．the start and development of watercolour

【小題2】 In the 16th and 17th centuries the artists thought _____.

A．watercolour was softer, and thus better

B．oil painting lasted longer, and was better

C．watercolour wasn’t fit for finished works

D．watercolour was too hard to use in any works

【小題3】According to the passage, watercolour painting was put back in England because ____

A．it was easy to use outdoors	B．it was a strong medium
C．it was extremely bright in colour	D．it was suited to popular tastes

【小題4】What would the next paragraph most probably deal with?

A．The works of famous US watercolour artists	B．Modern American oil painters
C．The weakness of oils as popular paints	D．Techniques of producing watercolour

While all my classmates seem to be crazy about a one-way ticket to Mars, I’d rather say Mars is totally unsuitable for human existence. People won’t have enough food supplies there, and the terrible environment would make it impossible for them to live a long life. Besides, the journey won’t be safe. Can anybody explain to me just why people would go to Mars, never to return?  Steve Minear, UK
Here are the things you can think of: the desire to explore a foreign and unique environment, the excitement of being the first humans to open up a new world, the expectation of fame and glory┅. For scientists there is another reason. Their observations and research will probably lead to great scientific achievements.  Donal Trollop, Canada
There are already too many people on the Earth. I think that something before the end of the century, there will be a human colony on Mars. It will happen when people finally realize that two-way trips to the red planet Mars are unnecessary. Most of the danger of space flight is in the launches and landings. Cutting the trip home would therefore reduce the danger of accidents, save a lot of money, and open the way to building an everlasting human settlement in another world. Enough supplies can be sent on ahead, and every two years more supplies and more people will be sent to the new colony. Mars has all the materials for a colony to produce or make everything it needs, and Mars is far more pleasant than the other planets in the outer space.   Paul Davies, USA
【小題1】The main purpose of Steve Minear’s writing is_________.    .

A．to report his classmates’ discussion	B．to invite an answer to his question
C．to explain the natural state of Mars	D．to show his agreement on going to Mars

【小題2】Which of the following best states Donal Trollop’s ideas?  

A．There is a plan to send humans to Mars

B．There are many reasons for going to Mars

C．Scientists become famous by doing research on Mars

D．It is possible to build an Earth-like environment on Mars

【小題3】 Paul Davies points out that______.  

A．humans need only a one- way ticket to Mars

B．two-way trips to mars will be made safe soon

C．It is easy to reduce the danger and cost of flights to Mars

D．It is cheap to build an everlasting human settlement on Mars

【小題4】What does Paul Davies think of human existence on Mars? 

A．Humans will have to bring all they need from the earth

B．Humans will find Mars totally unsuitable for living

C．Humans can produce everything they need

D．Humans can live longer in the colony on Mars

Federal regulators(調(diào)整者) Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergence alert (警報) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industry’s trade association, CTIA, estimates（估計） more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation’s emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
"The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies," FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval of the plan.
Participation in the alert system by carriers –telecommunications companies is voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry.
The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.
The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. The second would involve "approaching threats," which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be reserved for child abduction (綁架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.
The service could be in place by 2010.
【小題1】What is the purpose of the approved plan?  

A．To warn people of emergencies via messages.

B．To popularize the use of cell phones.

C．To estimate the monthly number of messages.

D．To promote the wireless industry.

【小題2】The improvement to the present system is in the charge of ____. 

A．CTIA	B．the Warning Alert and Response Network
C．FCC	D．federal regulators

【小題3】The carriers’ participation in the system is determined by _____. 

A．the US federal government	B．mobile phone users
C．the carriers themselves	D．the law of the United States

【小題4】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?  

A．Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students	B．Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry
C．Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters	D．Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon