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Sometimes people cheat in daily life. When people cheat, it’s not fair to other people, like the kids who studied for the test or who were the true winners of a game.
Many people like the action of cheating. It makes difficult things seem easy, like getting all the right answers on the test. But it doesn’t solve the problem of not knowing the material and it won’t help on the next test --- unless the person cheats again.
Some people lose respect for cheaters and think less of them. The cheaters themselves may feel bad because they know they are not really earning that good grade. And, if they get caught cheating, they will be in trouble at school, and maybe at home, too.
Some kids cheat because they’re busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without spending the time studying. Other kids might feel like they can’t pass the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a “good reason” for cheating, cheating isn’t a good idea.
If you were sick or upset about something the night before and couldn’t study, it would be better to talk with the teacher about this. And if you don’t have enough time to study for a test because of swim practice, you need to talk with your parents about how to balance swimming and school.
A kid who thinks cheating is the only way to pass a test needs to talk with the teacher and his or her parents so they can find some solutions(解決辦法) together. Talking about these problems and working them out will feel better than cheating.
【小題1】The author thinks that when kids cheat in class, _______.

A．teachers should punish them

B．it does harm to their heath

C．it is unfair to other people

D．teachers shouldn’t stop them at once

【小題2】Some students like cheating mainly because_________.

A．the material in the test is very difficult

B．they want to do better than the others

C．cheating can make hard things seem very easy

D．they have little time to study their lessons

【小題3】The fourth paragraph mainly tells us______.

A．cheating isn’t a good idea

B．some kids don’t spend the time studying

C．some kids can’t pass the test without cheating

D．why kids cheat in the test

【小題4】We can learn from the passage______.

A．cheaters are often thought highly of

B．people show no respect for those who cheat

C．parents whose kids cheat are often in trouble

D．kids cheat in the test because of swim practice

One day last summer, watching the boys and girls trying to catch butterflies I remembered something happened when I was young．When I was a boy of 12 in South Carolina, something happened to me that cured me forever of wanting to put any wild creature in a cage.
We lived on the edge of a wood, and every evening at dusk the mockingbirds would come and rest in the trees and sing. No musician can sing more beautiful than the birds. I decided that I would catch a young bird and keep it in a cage and in that way would have my own private musician.
I finally succeeded in catching one and put it in a cage. At first, the bird flied about the cage, but eventually it settled down in its new home. I felt very pleased with myself and looked forward to some beautiful singing from my tiny musician.
I had left the cage out, and on the second day my new pet’s mother flew to the cage with food in her mouth. The baby bird ate everything she brought to it. I was pleased to see this. Certainly the mother knew better than I how to feed her baby.
The following morning when I went to see how my bird was doing, I discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. I was shocked! What had happened! I had taken good care of my little bird.
Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist, happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had occurred. “A mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries. She thinks it better for her young to die than to live in cage.”
Never since then have I caught any living creature and put it in a cage. All living creatures have a right to live free.
【小題1】Why did the writer catch a mockingbird when he was a boy of 12?

A．He had just got a new cage.

B．He liked its beautiful feather.

C．He wanted a pet for a companion.

D．He wanted it to sing for him.

【小題2】The mockingbird died because it ______.

A．drank the poisonous water by mistake

B．was frightened to death

C．refused to eat anything

D．a(chǎn)te the poisonous food its mother gave it

【小題3】An ornithologist probably means ______.

A．a(chǎn) religious person	B．a(chǎn) kind person
C．a(chǎn)n expert in birds	D．a(chǎn) schoolmaster

【小題4】What is the most important lesson the writer learned from the incident?

A．Freedom is very valuable to all living things.

B．All birds put in a cage won’t live long.

C．You should keep the birds from their mother.

D．Be careful about food you give to baby birds.

Long long ago, there was a man who was good at shooting arrows．He asked the king to declare him as the greatest archer（射手） of the country．The king was about to do so when an old servant of the king said，“Wait，sir．I know an old man who lives in the forest．He is a much greater archer．Let this young man go to him and learn from him for at least three years．”
The man could not believe what the servant said，but he went and found the old man and he was! For three years he learned from him．Then one day，when he thought he had learned everything，the thought arose in him：“If I kill this old man，then I will be the greatest archer．”
The old man had gone to cut wood and he was coming back carrying wood on his shoulder．The young man hid behind a tree，waiting to kill him．He shot an arrow．The old man took a small piece of wood and threw it．It struck the arrow and the arrow turned back and wounded the young man very deeply．The old man came，took out the arrow and said�！癐 knew that some day or other you were going to do this．That’s why I have not taught you this secret．There is no need to kill me．My Master is still alive，and I’m  nothing before him．You must be  with him for at least thirty years．And he is very old，so go fast! Find the old man!”
【小題1】The young archer wanted to kill the old man because_______.

A．he could then become the greatest archer

B．he had nothing more to learn from him

C．the old man refused to teach him everything

D．the king’s old servant ordered him to do SO

【小題2】What do you think would most probably happen next?

A．The young archer died from the wound soon after．

B．The king declared the young man the greatest archer．

C．The young archer found the old man’s master and killed him．

D．The young archer set off to look for the old man’s master．

【小題3】What lesson can you learn from the story?

A．Always use a piece of wood to protect yourself from an arrow．

B．You must never try to become better than your teacher．

C．The older a man is，the better archer he usually becomes．

D．There’s always someone better than you in this world．

When I was seven my father gave me a Timex, my first watch. I loved it, wore it for years, and haven’t had another one since it stopped ticking a decade ago. Why? Because I don’t need one. I have a mobile phone and I’m always near someone with an iPod or something like that. All these devices（裝置）tell the time—which is why, if you look around, you’ll see lots of empty wrists; sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007. 
But while the wise have realized that they don’t need them, others—apparently including some distinguished men of our time—are spending total fortunes on them. Brands such as Rolex, Patek Philippe and Breitling command shocking prices, up to £250.000 for a piece.
This is ridiculous. Expensive cars go faster than cheap cars. Expensive clothes hang better than cheap clothes. But these days all watches tell the time as well as all other watches. Expensive watches come with extra functions—but who needs them? How often do you dive to 300 metres into the sea or need to find your direction in the area around the South Pole? So why pay that much of five years’ school fees for watches that allow you to do these things?
If justice were done, the Swiss watch industry should have closed down when the Japanese discovered how to make accurate watches for a five-pound note. Instead the Swiss reinvented the watch, with the aid of millions of pounds’ worth of advertising, as a message about the man wearing it. Rolexes are for those who spend their weekends climbing icy mountains; a Patek Philippe is for one from a rich or noble family; a Breitling suggests you like to pilot planes across the world. 
Watches are now classified as“investments”(投資). A 1994 Philippe recently sold for nearly £350, 000, while 1960s Rolexes have gone from £15, 000 to £30, 000 plus in a year. But a watch is not an investment. It's a toy for self-satisfaction, a matter of fashion. Prices may keep going up—they’ve been rising for 15 years. But when fashion moves on, the owner of that £350, 000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood Timex. 
【小題1】It seems ridiculous to the writer that_______________. 

A．people dive 300 metres into the sea

B．expensive clothes sell better than cheap ones

C．cheap cars don’t run as fast as expensive ones

D．expensive watches with unnecessary functions still sell

【小題2】What can be learnt about Swiss watch industry from the passage?

A．It’s hard for the industry to beat its competitors.

B．It targets rich people as its potential customers.

C．It wastes a huge amount of money in advertising.

D．It’s easy for the industry to reinvent cheap watches.

【小題3】Which would be the best title for the passage?

A．Watches? Not for Me!

B．My Childhood Timex

C．Timex or Rolex?

D．Watches—a Valuable Collection

About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our "act" would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.
We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was
wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in "snow". Two more fans were turned on, and a "strong wind" blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.
The next scene was a complete contrast (對(duì)比). The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Pictures in front taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen (幕). An actor and actress stood of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio!
Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film "stars"!
【小題1】Who is the author?

A．A cameraman.

B．A film director.

C．A crowd-scene actor.

D．A workman for scene setting.

【小題2】What made the author feel cold?

A．The heavy snowfall.

B．The man-made scene.

C．The low temperature.

D．The film being shown.

【小題3】What would happen in the "three minutes" mentioned in the last paragraph?

A．A new scene would be filmed.

B．More stars would act in the film.

C．The author would leave the studio.

D．The next scene would be prepared.

Once many years ago, I pulled a family out of a burning car somewhere in Wyoming. Last week I received a telephone call from a woman who could not stop crying as she told me that one of my stories had saved her son from committing suicide. In closing she called me a hero.
That got me thinking about what a hero is. Was I a hero because I pulled a family from a burning car? If so, how could I be a hero just because I wrote a story that saved someone’s life?
Today I looked up the word “hero” in the dictionary to see exactly what it meant. It read “a person who does something brave” and also “a person who is good and noble”.
That statement impressed me more than the part about being brave. So I thought about something very important. And I remembered what happened to me years ago.
After my marriage of twenty years ended, I was in such a condition. I was within hours trying to get up enough courage to end the pain and misery. When I returned home, someone had sent me a card in the mail which told me how much they would appreciate me as a friend. That wonderful card probably saved my life. That person, without even knowing it, saved a life and became a hero.
The many stories I kept writing in the following years saved the life of a teenage boy. In turn that makes the person who sent me the card a double hero. I suppose that is why I fight so hard to help the children now living in orphanages (孤兒院). Most children come out of these institutions with a very hard and bitter attitude against the world. The gifts we send them let them know that they have not been forgotten. Hopefully, most of them will never hurt anyone because of the kindness shown to them by those of us who cared. If it works, we will also become "heroes".
【小題1】The main idea of the passage is _______________.

A．why the writer should be a hero

B．whether the writer is a hero

C．what a hero exactly is

D．that everyone is a hero

【小題2】Why did the woman call the writer a hero at the end of the call?

A．Because he was cute and kind to everybody

B．Because he saved a family from a burning car.

C．Because he asked her son not to kill himself.

D．Because his story saved her son’s life.

【小題3】What does the underlined word “it” in the last sentence of Paragraph 5 refer to?

A．The wonderful card the writer received.

B．The action of sending the card.

C．The fact that the sender helped the writer.

D．The fact that the sender was a friend of the writer.

【小題4】According to the writer, who can be considered as a hero?

A．A person who helps someone in trouble.

B．A person who writes wonderful stories.

C．A person who can hold a door for others.

D．A person who is brave.

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed．It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative （合作的）and another is competitive．
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions．They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors．There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought （學(xué)派）on the matter have developed．As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory．The controversy（argument) is often referred to as “nature and nurture（教育）”．
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors．That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory．Taken to an extreme(走極端）, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts（本能）．
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act．A behaviorist, B．F．Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings．The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic（機(jī)械論的）; they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimuli（刺激） as the basis of their behavior．
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching．In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests．This leads some proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites．Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do．
Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior．In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain．
【小題1】This passage is mainly concerned with             ．

A．relation between personality and behavior

B．relation between behavior and environment

C．different accounts of patterns of human behavior

D．different theories of the formation of human behavior

【小題2】The underlined word " proponents'' in paragraph 2 means          ．

A．creators	B．a(chǎn)dvisors
C．supporters	D．judges

【小題3】In paragraph 5 , the author mainly writes about          ．

A．the considerable（值得考慮的） influence of the two theories

B．differences between the blacks and whites

C．racial discrimination in the United States

D．different responds to intelligence tests

【小題4】What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A．To call our attention to the changes of human behavior．

B．To urge scientists to do more research in social science．

C．To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior．

D．To present an argument in the field of social science．

I found out one time that doing a favor for someone could get you into a lot of trouble. I was in the eighth grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl sitting next to me whispered something, but I didn’t understand. So I leaned over her way and found out that she was trying to ask me if I had an extra pen. She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write. I happened to have an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.
Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher asked me to stay in the room when all the other students were dismissed. As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up; she talked about how important it was to stand on your own two feet and be responsible (負(fù)責(zé)任) for your own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized the fact that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves. She made me promise that I would think seriously about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me about all those things.
Later on, I found out that she thought I had cheated on the test. When she saw me lean over to talk to the girl next to me, it looked as if I was copying answers from the girl’s test paper. I tried to explain about the pen, but all she could say was it seemed very very strange to her that I hadn’t talked of anything about the pen the day she talked to me right after the test. Even if I tried to explain that I was just doing the girl a favor by letting her use my pen, I am sure she continued to believe that I had cheated on the test.
【小題1】The story took place exactly ____ .

A．in the teacher’s office	B．in an exam room
C．in the school	D．in the language lab

【小題2】The girl wanted to borrow a pen, because ____ .

A．she had not brought a pen with her

B．she had lost her own on her way to school

C．there was something wrong with her pen

D．her own had been taken away by someone

【小題3】The teacher saw all this, so she asked the boy ____ .

A．to go on writing his paper

B．to stop whispering

C．to leave the room immediately

D．to stay behind after the exam

【小題4】The thing(s) emphasized in the teacher’s talk was (were) ____ .

A．honesty

B．sense of duty

C．seriousness

D．a(chǎn)ll of the above

【小題5】The boy knew everything ____ .

A．the moment he was asked to stay behind

B．when the teacher started talking about honesty

C．only some time later

D．when he was walking out of the room

There once was a very honest shopkeeper whose business was to provide goods to the local people. He would open his shop at 8:00 a.m. after having his breakfast and at 1:00 p.m. he would go for lunch. In the evening at 8:30 p.m. he closed his shop to complete his daily routine.
However, to get time for lunch was really difficult be-cause he didn’t have anybody to help him at that time. Therefore, it was his daily practice that whichever customer was shopping at 1:00 p.m. would be asked to oversee (看管) the shop until the shopkeeper returned from lunch.
One day, a group of four thieves planned to steal from his shop while he was gone for lunch. One of the thieves went at 1:00 p.m. to be the customer that would be asked to oversee the shop.
The thief, pretending to be a customer, went in at 1:00 p.m. and started buying several items. As planned, the shop-keeper asked the thief to sit on his chair for thirty minutes until he returned from lunch.
Then, the other three thieves quickly came and told the pretend customer to help, but something had changed within him and he knew deeply in his heart that if he was given responsibility for the shop, he should not perform any dishonest acts during that time. His friends did not agree. As the now honest man tried to stop them, they resisted (抵抗) and a fight started. And at the same time the shopkeeper returned and asked why there was a fighting. The now honest man explained the entire plan.
The shopkeeper had been searching for an honest man who could take ownership of the shop and run it. The shop-keeper felt that he had found the right man.
【小題1】What is the problem for the shopkeeper?

A．Nobody could prepare lunch for him every day.

B．He had nobody to keep the shop when he went for lunch.

C．He was too busy to have lunch every day.

D．He couldn’t find a person to work at the shop.

【小題2】Why did the thief go to the shop at 1:00 p.m.?

A．Because he thought he would be asked to keep the shop.

B．Because the shopkeeper invited him to lunch then.

C．Because the shop was closed at that time.

D．Because he thought he could buy cheap things then.

【小題3】When the shopkeeper returned from lunch, he found _______.

A．everything in his shop was stolen

B．the thief became the new owner of the shop

C．there was a fighting in his shop

D．the thief helped his fellows steal things from his shop

【小題4】From the passage, we can infer that _______.

A．once a thief, he will always be a thief

B．a(chǎn)n honest man will be responsible for his action

C．you can’t believe in a dishonest man forever

D．trust can change a thief into an honest man

Once there was an 11-year-old boy who went fishing with his father in the middle of a New Hampshire lake. On the day before bass(巴斯魚(yú)) season opened, they were fishing early in the evening, catching other fish with worms. Then the boy tied a small silver lure(魚(yú)餌) and put it into the lake. Suddenly he felt that something very big pulling on the lure. His father watched with admiration as the boy skillfully brought the fish beside the bank. Finally he lifted the tired fish from the water. It was the largest one he had ever seen, but it was a bass.
The boy and his father looked at the big fish. The father lit a match and looked at his watch. It was 10 p.m.—two hours before the season opened. He looked at the fish, then at the boy. “You’ll have to put it back, son,” he said.
“Dad!” cried the boy. “There will be other fish,” said his father. “Not as big as this one,” cried the boy. He looked around the lake. No other fishermen or boats were in sight in the moonlight. He looked again at his father.
Even though no one had seen them, nor could anyone ever know what time he had caught the fish, the boy could tell from his father’s voice that the decision couldn’t be changed. He threw the huge bass into the black water. The big fish disappeared. The boy thought that he would never again see such a big fish.
That was 34 years ago. Today the boy is a successful architect in New York City. He often takes his own son and daughters to fish at the same place.
And he was right. He has never again caught such a large fish as the one he got that night long ago. But he does see that same fish ... again and again ... every time he has an ethical (道德的) decision to make. For, as his father had taught him, ethics are simple matters of right and wrong. It is only the practice of ethics that is difficult.
【小題1】What happened when the big fish turned out to be a bass?

A．The boy and his father didn’t know what to do with the big fish.

B．The father lit a match in order to check the time.

C．The boy threw the bass back into the water willingly.

D．They worried other fishermen might discover what they had done.

【小題2】From the text we know that the father _________.

A．didn’t love his son

B．a(chǎn)lways disagreed with his son

C．disliked the huge fish

D．was firm and stubborn

【小題3】The successful architect went fishing with his children at the same    place because _______.

A．they might catch a big fish there

B．it was a most popular fishing spot

C．he was taught a moral lesson there

D．their children enjoyed fishing there

【小題4】What does the story imply (suggest）?

A．It is easy to say something, but difficult to do.

B．An ethical decision is always easy to make.

C．It’s hard to tell right from wrong sometimes.

D．Fishing can help one to make right decisions.