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Looking back on my childhood, I believe that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and my sisters soon gave up their flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do maths well.
Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I remember clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, farm animals, local birds, and above all, insects.
I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love for the natural world and my passion has led me into varied explorations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something brings these observations together in my mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books.
But curiosity, a keen （敏銳的）eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.
【小題1】The first paragraph tells us the writer        .

A．was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood

B．lost his hearing when he was a child

C．didn’t like his brothers and sisters

D．was born into a naturalist’s family

【小題2】The writer can’t clearly remember his relatives probably because        .

A．he didn’t live very long with them

B．the family was very large

C．he was too young when he lived with them

D．he devoted himself to observing nature

【小題3】It can be inferred from the passage that the writer was        .

A．a(chǎn) scientist as well as a naturalist

B．not a naturalist but a scientist

C．only a born naturalist

D．first of all a scientist

【小題4】According to the writer, a born naturalist should first of all be        .

A．good at maths	B．full of passion
C．knowledgeable	D．self-controlled

I found the imagination of becoming a grandmother somewhat discouraging. I wasyounger than I thought a grandmother should be when I got the news that I was goingto become one myself. I admit, it was not a role that I was emotionally ready toaccept. I had been a young mother, and had certainly hoped my daughter would notface that same challenge. I remarried when she was a teenager, and then had two morechildren. On getting the news that she was expecting, I remember thinking “What do Iknow about being a grandmother? —I haven’t even finished raising my own kids yet!”I don^’t like to be unprepared, so I read a few books about grandparenting. That gaveme a little help, but I was still uncertain. I thought about other grandmothers I knew,and got a few ideas I liked and a few more that I didn't. But I couldn't quite figure outwhat kind of grandmother I wanted to be. Then I thought about my own grandmother,Granny, as she’s known by most people, and I knew I had the answer.
I didn’t realize it until that moment, but my own grandmother was the examplefor the kind of grandmother I wanted to be. I am fortunate that I got to spend a lot oftime with my grandparents when I was a little kid. Here's what I learned from myGranny：
Grandmothers always have a cookie jar. For my entire life, Granny always had acookie jar full of cookies. When I was a little tiny girl, just at eye level with thecounter, Granny would get the cookie jar down for me. When I was a little older Ilearned how to pull the chair over so I could reach. As I got taller, if I really stretched,I could reach the cookie jar with my finger tips and move it close enough to get it downoff the counter to find out what kind of treat was inside. Always the first thing I didwhen I went to Granny 's house was check the cookie jarand there were alwayscookies in it. Many years later, I’ll drive my own children to Granny’s house and thefirst thing Pd do is get us all a cookie.
So grandmothers must have a cookie jar and on my granddaughte’ s firstChristmas, my daughter bought me my own cookie jar. She said when they came to seeme, her daughter would find the treat the way she did and I did.
【小題1】The writer thought it was a little discouraging to be a grandmother because________.

A．she was not old enough to be one

B．she was not emotionally ready to be one

C．she thought her daughter was too young to be a mother

D．grandmother should be older than she was

【小題2】Theunderlined phrase “that same challenge ” in the first paragraph refers to”________”

A．taking care of a grandchild	B．taking care of a baby
C．being a young grandmother	D．being a young mother

【小題3】It can be inferred from the last paragraph that________.

A．the writer has many happy memories of her grandmother’s cookie jar

B．the writer always wanted to know what was inside her grandmother’s cookie jar

C．the writer often drove her grandchildren to see her grandmother’s cookie jar

D．women of the writer ‘s age all have a cookie jar for their grandchildren

【小題4】What kind of grandmother did the writer want to be?

A．One who has a jar filled with many kinds of cookies for children and herself.

B．One who grows up with her grandmother's cookie jar with all kinds of cookies.

C．One who is like her own grandmother with a cookie jar to treat hergrandchildren.

D．One who always makes different kinds of cookies to treat her grandchildren.

【小題5】Which of the following can be the best title of this text?

A．Grandmother’s Cookie Jar	B．Grandmother’s Treat for Children
C．Grandmothers and Grandchildren	D．Happy Memories of Cookies

Today, we complete our story about the influential English writer William Shakespeare. He wrote plays and poems during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, which remain very popular today.
During earlier times, people would probably have learned several ancient Roman and Greek plays. It was not unusual for writers to produce more current versions of these works. For example, in Shakespeare's play "The Comedy of Errors" Shakespeare borrowed certain details from the ancient Roman writer Plautus. For his play "Macbeth", Shakespeare most likely used a work on Scottish history by Raphael Holinshed for information. Shakespeare might have borrowed from other writers, but the intensity（強(qiáng)度）of his imagination and language made the plays his own. While many plays by other writers of his time have been forgotten, Shakespeare and his art live on.
Shakespeare was also influenced by the world around him. He described the sights and sounds of London in his plays. His works include observations about political struggles, the fear of diseases, and the popular language of the city’s tradesmen. Shakespeare's knowledge of the English countryside is also clear. His works include descriptions of deep forests, local flowers, and the ancient popular traditions of rural people.
It would be impossible to list all of the ways in which Shakespeare’s works have influenced the world culture. But the first and greatest example would be his great influence on the English language. During his time, the English language was changing. Many new words from other languages were being added. Shakespeare used his sharp mind and poetic inventiveness to create hundreds of new words and rework old ones. For example, he created the noun forms of "critic", "mountaineer” and "eyeball". Many common expressions in English come from his plays, including "pomp and circumstance（裝腔作勢(shì)）"from "Othello", "full circle（繞圈子地）" from "King Lear", etc. The list of cultural creations influenced by Shakespeare is almost endless. From paintings to television to music and dance, Shakespeare was well represented. Shakespeare's plays have been translated into every major language in the world.
Shakespeare became a well­known writer during a golden age of theater. His years of hard work paid off.
【小題1】What can we infer from the passage？

A．Many of Shakespeare's works were influenced by earlier writings.

B．Shakespeare was hard­working when he was a student.

C．The experience of living in London helped a lot with Shakespeare's works.

D．Shakespeare became rich later because of the popularity of his works.

【小題2】Shakespeare might have learnt some information from ancient Roman works in　　　　.

A．"King Lear"

B．"The Comedy of Errors"

C．"Macbeth"

D．"Othello"

【小題3】Why could Shakespeare's works survive his time？

A．Because there were so few people writing plays in his time.

B．Because he produced too many works that nobody else could do.

C．Because he was a rich and influential person of his time.

D．Because his works were rich in imagination and language.

【小題4】Shakespeare's greatest influence should be on　　　　.

A．the English language

B．paintings

C．television

D．music and dance

【小題5】The passage is mainly about 　　　　.

A．a(chǎn)n introduction to Shakespeare’s life and his works

B．the main features and styles of Shakespeare's plays

C．how culture influenced Shakespeare and he influenced culture.

D．Shakespeare’s greatest influence on the world culture.

When it comes to friends, I desire those who will share my happiness, who possess wings of their own and who will fly with me. I seek friends whose qualities illuminate（light）me and train me up for love. It is for these people that I reserve the glowing hours, too good not to share.
When I was in the eighth grade, I had a friend. We were shy and “too serious” about our studies when it was becoming fashionable with our classmates to learn acceptable social behaviors. We said little at school, but she would come to my house and we would sit down with pencils and paper, and one of us would say:“Let’s start with a train whistle today.” We would sit quietly together and write separate poems or stories that grew out of a train whistle. Then we would read them aloud. At the end of that school year, we, too, were changing into social creatures and the stories and poems stopped.
When I lived for a time in London, I had a friend, He was in despair(disappointment)and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. We walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other.
For almost four years I have had remarkable friend whose imagination illuminates mine. We write long letters in which we often discover our strangest selves. Each of us appears, sometimes in a funny way, in the other’s dreams. She and I agree that, at certain times, we seem to be parts of the same mind. In my most interesting moments, I often think:“Yes, I must tell….”We have never met.
It is such comforting companions I wish to keep. One bright hour with their kind is worth more to me than the lifetime services of a psychologist，who will only fill up the healing silence necessary to those darkest moments in which I would rather be my own best friend.
【小題1】 In the eighth grade, what the author did before developing proper social behavior was to ______.

A．become serious about her study	B．go to her friend’s house regularly
C．learn from her classmates at school	D．share poems and stories with her friend

【小題2】In Paragraph 3, “We gave London to each other” probably means ______.

A．our exploration of London was a memorable gift to both of us

B．we were unwilling to tear ourselves away from London

C．our unpleasant feeling about London disappeared

D．we parted with each other in London

【小題3】 According to Paragraph 4, the author and her friend _______.

A．call each other regularly	B．have similar personalities
C．enjoy writing to each other	D．dream of meeting each other

【小題4】 In the darkest moments, the author would prefer to ______.

A．seek professional help	B．be left alone
C．stay with her best friend	D．break the silence

【小題5】 What is the best title for the passage?

A．Unforgettable Experiences	B．Remarkable Imagination
C．Lifelong Friendship	D．Noble Companions

When you leave school，you can breathe sigh of relief and leave learning behind，right？Wrong！Learning should last a lifetime. You exercise your body to stay strong，and you should exercise your mind to stay sharp.

An English idiom says，“You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.” But scientists have discovered that isn’t true. Older people can learn，and they should，in order to keep their brain active. Now a new trend has begun in several states in the US that encourages learning. Adults can attend One Day University. They can spend a Saturday or Sunday hearing four 70-minute lectures. Each one is given by a top university professor. One of the original participants said，“It’s like a health club for the brain.” Also，universities like MIT have made all of their courses and lectures available online for free！Libraries offer learning programs too. With so much available，there is no excuse not to learn!
Learning is a habit. Don’t leave it behind after you leave school. On the website lifehack.org，author Scott Young mentions several things to help you.
Always have a book. It doesn’t matter if you read fast or slow. Just read. If you read just one book a week，you’ll read 52 over the course of a year. Think of the knowledge you’ll gain!
Practice it. As you read，do something with what you’ve learned. Don’t just enjoy the mental exercise. Use the knowledge. If you read about painting，try it!
Make a “to learn” list. Compose a “to learn” list for yourself. Maybe you want to speak better English，play the piano，or cook French food. Whatever interests you，put it on your list and then make the time to do it.
Teach others. Whatever you learn，teach someone else. You’ll not only help others but also understand what you’ve learned.
【小題1】What’s the best title for this passage?

A．Make learning last a lifetime.

B．What you should do after leaving school.

C．Several tips on learning.

D．A new trend in learning.

【小題2】What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．You don’t need to consider what you have learnt after graduation.

B．You can relax as you have escaped from the hard life of studying.

C．Leaving learning behind is what you should do after a break.

D．You should have a good rest and then go on learning.

【小題3】How many ways of learning for adults in the US are mentioned in Paragraph 2?

A．One.

B．Two.

C．Three.

D．Four.

【小題4】Which of the following is NOT a suggestion made by Scott Young in the passage?

A．Keep learning as a habit.

B．Always have a book.

C．List what you want to learn.

D．Teach others what you learn.

I remember my math teacher Mr. Young very well. He stood out because the kids made fun of him. He was missing one of his fingers, and always pointed at students with his middle finger.
I was not very good at English and math. No matter how hard I tried, I just could not figure out why I did not understand what all the other kids found so easy to learn.
One day, I was told that if I got one more E on my report card, I would be taken to the “big prison for kids”.
I tried really hard for weeks. I just couldn’t understand how to make different parts of numbers into whole things.
The day before report cards were to come out, I knew that Mr Young would give me an E, just like he always did.
I went to Mr. Young and told him that the orphanage (孤兒院) was going to send me to the big prison if I got another E on my report card. He told me there was nothing he could do; it would be unfair to the other kids if he gave me a better grade than I had actually earned. I smiled at him and said, “Mr. Young, do you know how the kids make fun of you because you’re missing your finger?”
He looked at me, moved his mouth to one side and said nothing.
“They shouldn’t do that to you because you can’t help not having a finger, Mr Young. Just like I can’t help not being able to learn numbers and stuff like that,” I said.
The next day, when I got my report card, I tucked it into one of my books. While on the school bus, I opened it: Geography, B+; Mechanical Drawing, C-; English, D-; History, C-; Gym, B+; Art, C; Math, D-.
That math grade was the most favorite one I ever received. Because I knew that someone in the world finally understood what it was like for me to be missing a finger inside my head.
【小題1】From the second paragraph we can infer that the boy is ______ in some subjects.

A．mind-blowing

B．slow-witted

C．fun-loving

D．badly-behaved

【小題2】 Where may the boy live according to the passage?

A．In an orphanage.	B．In a big prison.
C．In the school dormitory.	D．In his home.

【小題3】. What grade should the boy have got in the math test this time?
A. D-.            B. C.             C. B+.             D. E.
【小題4】 The underlined word “tucked” in the passage most probably means “________”.

A．stuck

B．listed

C．hid

D．copied

【小題5】 The reason why the boy remembers Mr Young is that ______.

A．he missed one of his fingers	B．he treated his students very well
C．he understood the boy	D．he taught his students in a special way

I arrived at the bus station much too early for the London bus, which was not to leave until five to twelve. I pushed through the crowds, looking for somewhere to sit down. Scores of people were standing about, or struggling along with their bags and the cases to find the right lines. There was a party of school girls. I could see teachers trying to keep them in order. But there was nowhere for me to sit.
I stepped into the station buffet. I looked up at the clock there. It was only twenty to twelve. I found a seat opposite a large mirror on the wall. Just then a friend of mine called Jim came in and sat with me. "What time is your bus?" asked Jim. "Oh, there's a plenty of time yet," I answered. "Oh, I'll get some drinks then," said Jim. We talked while drinking. Then I looked at the clock again. "Good heavens! It's going backward!" I cried. "A moment ago it was twenty to twelve and now it's half past eleven." "You are looking at the clock in the mirror," said Jim. I could kick myself for being so stupid. I had not realized that the marks for one and eleven on the face of the clock were the same. The next bus was not to leave for another hour. I have never liked mirror since then.
【小題1】 The London bus left ________. 

A．a(chǎn)t five to twelve	B．before five to twelve
C．a(chǎn)fter five to twelve	D．until five to twelve

【小題2】The writer went to the station buffet because ________.

A．he was thirsty

B．he saw the station buffet was not so crowded

C．it was still early for his bus and he couldn't find a place to sit at the bus station

D．he had changed his mind; he wouldn't go to London

【小題3】 The writer sat ________.

A．behind a mirror	B．facing a mirror
C．under a mirror	D．near a mirror

【小題4】 Jim came to the station buffet at about ________.

A．twenty to twelve	B．twenty past twelve
C．half past one	D．twenty past eleven

【小題5】What time was it when the writer looked at the clock again?
It was ________.                                       

A．half past eleven	B．twelve thirty
C．twelve twenty	D．eleven thirty

A few years ago I had an “aha!” moment regarding handwriting.
I had in my hand a sheet of paper with handwritten instructions on it for some sort of editorial task. It occurred at first that I did not recognize the handwriting, and then I realized whose it must be. I finally became aware of the fact that I had been working with this colleague for at least a year, maybe two, and yet I did not recognize her handwriting at that point.
It was a very important event in the computerization of life---a sign that the informal, friendly communication of people working together in an office had changed from notes in pen to instant messages and emails. There was a time when our workdays were filled with little letters and we recognized one another’s handwriting the way we know voices or faces.
As a child, visiting my father’s office, I was pleased to recognize, in little notes on the desk of his staff, the same handwriting I would see at home in the notes he would leave on the fridge---except that those notes were signed “dad” instead of “RFW’.
All this has been on my mind because of the talk about The rise and Fall of Handwriting, a book by Florey. She shows in her book a deep concern about the fall of handwriting and the failure of schools to teach children to write well, but many others argue that people in a digital age can’t be expected to learn to hold a pen.
I don’t buy it.
I don’t want to see anyone cut off from expressive, personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does. For many a biographer, part of really getting to know their subjects is learning to read their handwriting.
What some people advocate is teaching one of the many attractive handwritings based on the handwriting of 16^th-century Italy. That may sound impossibly grand---as if they want kids to learn to draw by copying classical paintings. However, they have worked in many school systems.
【小題1】Why was the author surprised at not recognizing his colleague’s handwriting?

A．He had worked with his colleague long enough.

B．His colleague’s handwriting was so beautiful.

C．His colleague’s handwriting was so terrible.

D．He still had a lot of work to do.

【小題2】 People working together in an office used to __________.

A．talk more about handwriting

B．take more notes on workdays

C．know better one another’s handwriting

D．communicate better with one another

【小題3】 According to the author, handwritten notes ___________.

A．a(chǎn)re harder to teach in schools	B．a(chǎn)ttract more attention
C．a(chǎn)re used only between friends	D．carry more message

【小題4】 We can learn from the passage that the author _____________.

A．thinks it impossible to teach handwriting

B．does not want to lose handwriting

C．does not agree with Florey

D．puts the blame on the computer

After spending three days in a wheelchair, I was ready to quit. Not only did I have to battle cracked (裂縫的) and uneven (不平的) pavements, I had to deal with the bad attitude of pedestrians (行人) and a cold rain. But I didn’t give up because of people like Tiffany Payne.
Payne, who has been using a wheelchair for 18 years, laughed at me:
“Imagine trying to get around town in the winter,” she said.
I could see her point: You’re battling to get to a doctor’s appointment (預(yù)約), but no one has shoveled (鏟) after a big snowfall. Your choices: Move out and risk getting stuck, or reschedule the appointment.
Those of us fortunate enough to get around on our own two legs don’t give a second thought to the person in a wheelchair next to us at a crosswalk. That would require us to look down.
So I decided to try using a wheelchair to get a sample of what their lives are like. It wasn’t long before I saw that people who use wheelchairs are forced to deal with a lot of trouble.
During my experiment, I was ignored by store staff while shopping and bumped into by inattentive (疏忽的) walkers without so much as an apology.    
Some people even gave me angry looks as if I were the one at fault.
Once in a store, a woman bumped into me trying to get to the new iPad. She didn’t say, “Excuse me.”
When salespeople did offer assistance, they talked to people who were with me, instead of me. I wanted to yell: “Hey, I’m down here!”
Some salespeople talked to me as though I were a child or acted like they didn’t want to be bothered with me.
People who use wheelchairs want to be treated like everyone else. They also comprehend (理解), so you don’t have to speak to them in a childlike, sing-song voice. It’s not very appealing (吸引人的), especially when the person is an adult. And most importantly, remember they have feelings that can be hurt just like yours.
Spending three days in a wheelchair made me look differently at those who have to use one. I hope you do the same.
By James E. Causey
【小題1】The author writes the story to _______.

A．help those in wheelchairs gain self-confidence

B．share his experience of acting as a wheelchair user

C．a(chǎn)sk people to show sympathy for those in wheelchairs

D．call on people to respect and help those in wheelchairs

【小題2】 During his three days in a wheelchair, the author met all of the following  
difficulties EXCEPT ______.

A．bad road conditions	B．poor attitudes of ordinary people
C．terrible medical service	D．bad weather

【小題3】 What can we conclude from the article?

A．A wheelchair user may feel offended when you do not address him or her directly.

B．Assistants in big stores are usually kind to people in wheelchairs.

C．People in wheelchairs should fight for fair treatment.

D．People in wheelchairs are usually hard to get along with.

【小題4】 Which of the following statements would the author agree to?

A．Look down on a person in a wheelchair.

B．Speak to a person in a wheelchair in a sing-song voice.

C．Treat a person in a wheelchair as you would any other person.

D．Offer assistance to a person in a wheelchair without asking for permission.

The clock struck eleven at night. The whole house was quiet. Everyone was in bed except me. Under the strong light，I looked sadly before me at a huge pile of that troublesome stuff（東西） they call “books”.
I was going to have my examination the next day.  “When can I go to bed？” I asked myself. I didn’t answer，in fact, I dared not.
The clock struck twelve. “ Oh，dear！” I cried. “Ten more books to read before I can go to bed！” We pupils are the most wretched creatures in the world. Dad does not agree with me on this. He did not have to work so hard when he was a boy.
The clock struck one. I was quite desperate（絕望的）now. I forgot all I had learned. I was too tired to go on. I did the only thing I could. I prayed，“Oh，God，please help me pass the exam tomorrow. I do promise to work hard afterwards，Amen.” My eyes were so heavy that I could hardly open them. A few minutes later，with my head on the desk，I fell asleep.
【小題1】 When the author was going over his lessons，all the others in the house were  ________ .

A．a(chǎn)sleep	B．outside
C．working in bed	D．quietly laughing at him

【小題2】 The underlined word wretched in Paragraph 3 probably means _______ .

A．very happy	B．disappointed
C．very unhappy	D．hopeful

【小題3】 Reviewing his lessons didn’t help him because _______  .

A．he was excited

B．he was nervous

C．he was worried

D．he hadn’t studied hard before the examination

【小題4】 The best title for the passage would be __________ .

A．The Night Before the Examination	B．Working Far into the Night
C．A Slow Student	D．Going Over My Lessons