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You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They're known as the black box.
When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潛水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.
In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the back of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架艙). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.
Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔絕的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can resist massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.
【小題1】What does the author say about the black box?

A．It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.

B．The idea for its design comes from a comic book.

C．Its ability to resist disasters is incredible.

D．It is an indispensable device on an airplane.

【小題2】 What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?

A．Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.

B．The total number of passengers on board.

C．The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.

D．Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash.

【小題3】Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?

A．New materials became available by that time.

B．Too much space was needed for its installation.

C．The early models often got damaged in the crash.

D．The early models didn't provide the needed data.

【小題4】 Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?

A．To distinguish them from the colour of the plane.

B．To caution people to handle them with care.

C．To make them easily identifiable.

D．To conform to international standards.

【小題5】What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?

A．There is still a good chance of their being recovered.

B．There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed.

C．They have stopped sending homing signals.

D．They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.

Why does night fall but never break and day break but never fall?
Why are people who ride motorcycles called bikers and people who ride bikes called cyclists?
In what other language do people drive in a parkway and park in a driveway?
In what other language do they call the third hand on the clock the second hand?
Let’s face it: English is a crazy language. There is no egg in an eggplant, neither pine nor apple in a pineapple and no ham in a hamburger. Sweet-meats are candy, while sweetbreads, which aren’t sweet, are meat.
We take English for granted. But when we explore its paradoxes (探討它的矛盾), we find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square, public bathrooms have no baths in them.
And why is it that a writer writes, but fingers don’t fing, grocers don’t groce, and hammers don’t ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn’t the plural of booth be beeth? One goose, two geese — so one moose, two meese?
How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites? How can overlook and oversee be opposites, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell the next?
English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of human beings. That’s why, when stars are out, they are visible; but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And why, when I wind up my watch, I start it; but when I wind up this essay, I end it.
【小題1】 According to the passage ______.

A．sweet-meats and sweetbreads are different things

B．there should be egg in an eggplant

C．pineapples are the apples on the pine tree

D．boxing rings should be round

【小題2】Which of the following includes two items which have the similar meaning?

A．A wise man and a wise guy.

B．Overlook and oversee.

C．Quite a lot and quite a few.

D．Hot as hell and cold as hell.

【小題3】The underlined words “wind up” in the last paragraph probably mean “______”.

A．blow

B．roll up

C．get hurt

D．finish

【小題4】 Through the many paradoxes in the English language, the writer wants to show that human beings are ______.

A．clever

B．crazy

C．lazy

D．dull

If women are mercilessly exploited(剝削) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.
Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend large sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time changing their old-fashioned dresses. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.
No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with necessary things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or picking her way through deep snow in high heeled shoes.
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability(穩(wěn)定耐用)? That is for you to decide.
【小題1】Designers and big stores always make money_________.

A．by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry

B．because they are capable of predicting new fashions

C．by constantly changing the fashions in women’s clothing

D．because they attach great importance to quality in women’s clothing

【小題2】 To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as ___________.

A．a(chǎn) waste of money	B．a(chǎn) waste of time
C．a(chǎn)n expression of taste	D．a(chǎn)n expression of creativity

【小題3】New fashions in clothing are created for ___________.

A．the commercial exploitation of women

B．the women’s strength of character

C．basic qualities of inconstancy and instability

D．a(chǎn)n important contribution to society

【小題4】By saying “the conclusions to be drawn are obvious” (Line One to Line Two, Paragraph Four), the writer means that ___________.

A．women’s inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at

B．women are better able to put up with discomfort

C．men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers

D．men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion

Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it?
Many people are afraid to assert（維護(hù)，堅持） themselves. Dr. Robert Albert, author of STAND UP, SPEAK OUT and TALK BACK, thinks it is because their self-respect is low. “There’s always a superior around------ a parent, a teacher, a boss who knows better.” But Albert and other scientists are doing something to help people assert themselves.
They offer assertiveness training courses, A. T. for short. In the A. T. course people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive without hurting other people.
In one way, learning to speak out is to get rid of fear. A group taking an A. T. course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But A. T. uses an even stronger motive to share the need. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels.
Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-respect. If your face is more important than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to doubt your answers to problems. However, once you get to feel good about yourself, you can learn to speak out.
【小題1】The problem the writer talks about is that ________________.

A．some people buy things they don’t want

B．some people are afraid to speak up for their rights

C．there are too many superiors

D．some people don’t think enough of themselves

【小題2】The cause of the problem talked about in the text is that _________.

A．some people have a low self-respect

B．there is always someone around who knows better

C．salesmen talk people into buying things they don’t want

D．people don’t share enough

【小題3】The underlined word “timid” probably means “___________” in Chinese

A．膽小的	B．優(yōu)秀的
C．勇敢的	D．無知的

【小題4】One thing the A.T. course doesn’t do is to _____________.
A. share the need of people        B. show people they have a right to be themselves      
C. help people overcome fear      D. help people to assert themselves even if others suffer

  The sea has always interested man. From it he can get food, minerals, and treasure. For thousands of years, he could sail on it. But he could not go far beneath its surface.
Man wants to explore deep into the sea. However, he is not a fish. He must breathe air, so he can’t stay under the water’s surface for any length of time. To explore deep water, man faces even more dangers and problems.
A diver who wants to stay under water for more than a few minutes must breathe air or a special mixture of gases. He can wear a diving suit and have air pumped to him from above. He can carry a tank of air on his back and breathe through a hose(軟管) and a mouthpiece. Water weighs 800 times as much as air. Tons of water pushes against a diver deep in the sea. His body is under great pressure.
When a diver is under great pressure, his blood takes in some of the gases he breathes. As he rises to surface, the water pressure becomes less. If the diver rises too quickly, the gases in his blood form bubbles(氣泡). The diver is then suffering from the bends(潛函病). The bends can cause a diver to double up in pain. They can even kill him.
【小題1】 On the whole, this text is about _________.

A．special mixtures of gases in deep sea.

B．the problems a diver faces in deep sea.

C．a(chǎn)ir pressure under the surface of sea water.

D．a(chǎn) kind of illness that man suffers in the sea.

【小題2】The text does not say so, but it makes you think that ____________.

A．deep-sea divers should be in good health.

B．divers explore the deep sea only for treasure.

C．there is a special mixture of gases under the sea.

D．diving under the water too quickly causes a kind of illness.

【小題3】Why does a diver get the bends?

A．The air in his blood is used up.	B．His diving suit weighs too much.
C．He comes to the surface too quickly.	D．He tries to do exercise under the sea.

  If you are in charge of a project, the key to success is getting everyone to want to help you. As a director, I point, I suggest. I gently push the actors in the direction I want them to go. In the 1986 movie“Nothing in Common”, Jackie Gleason’s character, Max Basner, gets fired from his job as a clothing salesman. The scene, shot on a boat, shows Max’s despair about being out of work. I was looking for some gesture that would allow Max to show his feelings.
Jackie had far more experience at everything than I did, and at first I was frightened. What could I possibly tell “The Great One” about acting? Finally I decided to direct by suggestion, and sat down with Gleason to talk about the scene. “So Max is sad, right?” I said.Gleason nodded.“And he’s probably still carrying his pens with name on them—the ones he used to hand out to his customers, right?”Gleason nodded.“So what would you want to do with the pens after you were fired?”He was silent for a moment. “Why don’t I throw them overboard?”I stood up and turned up and turned toward the crew. “Hey, everybody, Jackie has a wonderful idea. Let’s shoot it.”
After filming the scene, Gleason called me over and said with a smile. “Garry, what kind of wonderful idea am I going to have tomorrow?”
You and your team can discover the answers to problems together. When there are no prizes or gold stars for who gets the solution first, you’ll all benefit when everything turns out right.
【小題1】According to the writer, to succeed in a project you are in charge of , you     should______.

A．make everyone work for you	B．get everyone willing to help
C．let people know you have the idea	D．keep talking to them

【小題2】 “The Great One” in Paragraph 2 refers to______.

A．Gleason

B．the director himself

C．Max

D．Max’s boss

【小題3】 After filming the scene, Gleason called the director over and smiled at him. That’s  because Gleason________.

A．thought the director gave him a good idea

B．formed the habit of thinking of ideas while talking

C．was not confident about his acting

D．a(chǎn)ppreciated the director’s directing skill

【小題4】The most suitable title for the passage is “_______”.

A．Directing a Film	B．The Key to Success
C．A Wonderful Experience	D．Working with Film

To get an extra 14 years of life, don’t smoke, eat lots of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and drink alcohol in a proper amount．That is according to a study published this Monday in the Public Library of Science Medicine Journal．
After tracking more than 20,000 people aged 45 to 79 years in the United Kingdom from about 1993 to 2007, Kay-Tee Khaw of the University of Cambridge and his colleagues found that people who adopted these four healthy habits lived all average of 14 years longer than those who didn’t．
“We’ve known for a long time that these behaviors are good things to do, but we’ve not seen this benefit before, ”said Susan Jebb, head of Nutrition and Health at Britain’s Medical Research Council．“The benefit was also seen regardless of whether or not people were fat and what social class they came from．”
Study participants（參與者）scored a point each for not smoking, regular physical activity, eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day and moderate alcohol intake．
Public health experts said they hoped the study would inspire governments to introduce policies helping people to adopt these changes．But because the study only observed people rather than testing specific changes, it would be impossible to conclude that people who suddenly adopted these healthy behaviors would surely gain 14 years．
“We can’t say that any person could gain 14 years by doing these things, ”said Dr．Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization．“The 14 years is an average across the population of what’s theoretically（理論上地）possible．”
“Most people know that things like a good diet matter and that smoking isn’t good for them, ”Susan Jebb said．“We need to work on providing people with much more practical support to help them change．”
【小題1】Which of the following DOESN’T belong to the four healthy habits?

A．Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables a day．

B．Do proper exercise in the morning every day．

C．Drinking alcohol in the proper amount every day．

D．Having a cigarette before going to bed every day．

【小題2】We can learn from the passage that            ．

A．Susan Jebb did not take part in the study．

B．the study observed people as well as tested specific changes．

C．there’s no need for people under 45 to adopt these good habits．

D．only those from first class can benefit from these healthy behaviors．

【小題3】What can be inferred from the passage?

A．All the people are well aware of the harm of their bad habits．

B．People aged 45 to 70 have bad habits in the United Kingdom．

C．Governments should take measures to help people change their bad habits．

D．People have adopted the four healthy habits after knowing they’re good．

【小題4】What would be the best title for this passage?

A．Smoking and Drinking Cuts You 14 Years

B．How to Live a Much Healthier Life

C．Healthy Habits May Give Extra 14 Years

D．How to Make Your Life Longer Than Others

Preparing for a medical emergency involving your pet is always best accomplished before the event takes place. This series is designed to help guide you through the important decisions about first aid, as well as how and when to transport your pet quickly and safely to a veterinary hospital or emergency ability．
VeterinaryPartner．com has provided this complete reference book online for you to skim through, expanding your knowledge of dog and cat first aid；however, we encourage you to buy the book to keep in your home or car as a quick reference during an emergency．
This book is an emergency preparedness ready-reference for dogs and cats．Wise preventive measures, intelligent use of first aid principles, coupled with recognition of abnormal symptoms and treatment of disorders, diseases, and problems, lead to effective health care．
A working knowledge of this information will help you get rid of some potentially dangerous circumstances and help you prepare for emergency situations．
It includes information on what to do and what not to do in specific emergency situations．The authors encourage careful reading and occasional rereading．We have tried to make this book easy to understand, avoiding technical terms as often as possible, but defining（下定義）them in context when they are necessary．
【小題1】What does the underlined word “veterinary” in paragraph 1 mean?

A．Immediate

B．For animals

C．Urgent

D．For humans

【小題2】Why are we advised to buy the book?

A．Because it’s very cheap and may be useful to all the people．

B．Because it contains a working knowledge of information about dogs and cats．

C．Because it contains information on specific emergency situations．

D．Because it is convenient to know things dealing with dog or cat in an emergency．

【小題3】Which is NOT true about the book?

A．It can enlarge the readers’ knowledge of dog and cat first aid．

B．It contains the knowledge of recognition of abnormal symptoms of dogs and cats．

C．Although it contains many technical terms, it is easy to understand．

D．You can read it on VetrinaryParmer．com free of charge．

【小題4】What’s the purpose of the passage?

A．To introduce a book．	B．To introduce a website．
C．To introduce a working knowledge．	D．To encourage careful reading．

Have you ever heard the old saying, “Never judge a book by its cover.”? This is a good rule to follow when trying to judge the intelligence of others. Some people have minds that shine only in certain situations. A young man with an unusual gift in writing may find himself speechless before a pretty girl when he speaks. He may not be able to find the right words. But don’t make the mistake of thinking him stupid. With a pen and paper, he can express himself better than anybody else.
Other people may fool you into overestimating(過高估計) their intelligence by putting up a good front. A student who listens attentively and takes notes in class is bound to (一定會) make a favourable impression on his teachers. But when it comes to exams, he may score near the bottom of the class.
In a word, you can’t judge someone by appearance. The only way to determine a person’s intelligence is to get to know him. Then you can see how he reacts to different situations. The more situations you see, the better your judgment is likely to be. So take your time. Don’t judge a book by its cover.
【小題1】 The passage suggests that ______.

A．a(chǎn) good writer may not be a good speaker

B．a(chǎn) good writer is always a good speaker

C．a(chǎn) speechless person always writes well

D．a(chǎn) good writer will find himself speechless

【小題2】 According to this passage, a student who listens attentively and takes notes
in class ______.

A．is an intelligent student

B．may not be an intelligent student

C．will score better in exams

D．will not be a good student

【小題3】 The passage suggests that we should judge a per-son’s intelligence through
______.

A．his teachers

B．his deeds in the classroom

C．his appearance

D．his reactions to different situations

【小題4】 The writer of this passage wants to tell us not to______.

A．judge a book by its cover

B．make the mistake of thinking a young man stupid

C．overestimate a student’s intelligence

D．judge a person’s intelligence by his appearance

If you go to Brisbane, Australia, you can easily get a small book called Discover Brisbane free. The book tells you almost everything in Brisbane: the restaurants, the shops, the cinemas, the streets, the buses, the trains, the banks, etc. Here is something about banks on page 49:
ANZ Banking Group
Cnr.Greek &Queen Sts ……………… 228 3228
Bank of New Zealand
410 Queen Street ……………………… 221 0411
Bank of Queensland
229 Elizabeth Street …………………… 229 3122
Commonwealth Banking Group
240 Queen Street ……………………… 237 3111
National Australia Bank Ltd
225 Adelaide Street …………………… 221 6422
Westpac Banking Corp
260 Queen Street ……………………… 227 2666
Banking hours are Mon.-Thu. 9:30 am to 4 pm. Fri. 9:30 am to 5 pm. All banks close Sat. Sun. &Public Holidays.
Australia has a decimal currency(十進(jìn)幣制) with 100 cents to the dollar.
Notes available are: $100, $50, $20, $10, $5
Gold coins are: $2 && $1
Silver coins are: 50, 20, 10&&5 cent
Copper coins are: 2 && 1 cent
【小題1】 You can find ANZ Banking Group on ______.

A．Queen Street	B．Elizabeth Street
C．the corner of Greek Street and Queen Street
D．the corner of Queen Street and Elizabeth Street

【小題2】 ______ seems to be the most important street in Brisbane.

A．Greek Street

B．Elizabeth Street

C．Queen Street

D．Adelaide Street

【小題3】On Saturdays, you can go to ______ to put your money in or take your   money out.

A．ANZ Banking Group	B．Bank of Queensland
C．National Australia Bank Ltd	D．no bank

【小題4】 In Australia, the banks have their longest service hours on ______.

A．public holidays

B．Sundays

C．Saturdays

D．Fridays