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                                          Autumn blues? Let the sunshine in.
     Falling leaves, whithering flowers, cold winds, faint sunshine.    1   Spirits can be low.
     People who suffer from "the autumn blues" often are extremely exhausted, lack energy, need more
sleep, feel increased appetite and gain weight.
     "The exact cause of this condition, often called seasonal depression or seasonal affective disorder
(SAD), is not known yet," says Chen Jue, associate professor at Shanghai Mental Health Center. "But
recent studies indicate that weather change is influential and strongly suggest that this condition is caused
by changes in the availability of sunlight."
     One theory is that with decreased exposure to sunlight, the biological clock that regulates(調(diào)節(jié))
mood, sleep, and hormones is delayed, running more slowly in winter.   2   Another theory is that brain
chemicals that transmit information between nerves may be altered(改變) in individuals with SAD. It is
believed that exposure to light can correct these imbalances.
      "  3   Remember, spring always lives in your heart." Chen says.
      Here are some tips to deal with autumn depression.
      1.Go outdoors and get some sunlight. More around. Fresh air and exercise improve the respiratory
( 呼吸) system and blood circulation and regulate the nerves system. Thus, exercise is calming and
relieving one's mood.
    2.Relax at work. Stretch, breathe deeply. Take a tea break. Think of your next vacation.
    3.  4   Chocolate and sugar raise the spirits.
    4. Look at bright colors, such as red and orange.
    5.  5   Blooming plants are cheering
    6.Call friends or family when you feel lonely or depressed. Recall some happy memories.
     A.Exposure to light may reset the biological clock.
     B.Decorate your room and work space with flowers.
     C.It is a sad season, but you can try to make it happy.
     D.That is the way you can use to lighten yourself.
     E.Keep a chocolate bar in your pocket.
     F.For many people, late autumn can be a season of gloom and depression.
     G.Autumn always gives us a beautiful scene.

     Carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) poisoning kills and injures many people and animals around the
world. The gas has been a problem since people first began burning fuels to cook food or to create
heat. It is a problem in all parts of the world that experience cold weather.
     Carbon monoxide is called the silent killer because people do not know it is in the air. The gas
has no color. It has no taste. It has no smell. It does not cause burning eyes. And it does not cause
people to cough. But it is very deadly. It robs the body of its ability to use oxygen.
     Carbon monoxide decreases the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to body tissues. It does this
by linking with the blood. When the gas links with the blood, the blood is no longer able to carry
oxygen to the tissues that need it.
     Damage to the body can begin very quickly from large amounts of carbon monoxide. How
quickly this happens depends on the length of time a person is breathing the gas and the amount of
the gas he or she breathes in.
     Carbon monoxide poisoning has warning signs. But people have to be awake to recognize them.
Small amounts of the gas will cause a person's head to hurt. He or she may begin to feel tired. The
person may feel sick. The room may appear to be turning around. The person may have trouble
thinking clearly. People develop severe head pain as the amount of gas continues to enter their blood.
They will begin to feel very tired and sleepy. They may have terrible stomach pains.
     Medical experts say carbon monoxide affects people differently. For example, a small child will
experience health problems or die much quicker than an adult will. The general health of the person
or his or her age can also be important. An older adult with health problems may suffer the effects
of carbon monoxide more quickly than a younger person with no health problems. People with
heart disease may suffer chest pains. They may begin to have trouble breathing.

1. Why is carbon monoxide called the silent killer?

A. Because it tastes and smells good.
B. Because it is not easily noticed.
C. Because it kills and injures people.
D. Because it always harm people.

2. How does carbon monoxide harm people?

A. It makes people's blood unable to move.
B. It decreases the amount of blood in the body.
C. It makes body tissues full of blood.
D. It makes the blood less able to carry oxygen.

3. When people breathe in small amounts of the gas, they may ________.

A. feel a little dizzy
B. suffer a severe headache
C. go around in the room
D. have a terrible stomachache

4. Which of the following about carbon monoxide poisoning is true?

A. Adults are affected more seriously than children.
B. Young people are more severely affected than old people.
C. People in poor health may have more severe consequences.
D. People with heart problem only suffer from chest pains.

5. The purpose of the passage is to ________.

A. warn people not to burn fuels to keep warm in the winter
B. list the damages that carbon monoxide brings to people
C. give advice on how to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning
D. introduce some knowledge about carbon monoxide poisoning

Dear Editor (編輯),
     I used to be a doctor in a children's hospital. Sometimes I treated children who had been poisoned (中毒)
by medicines for older family members. The children didn't know the medicine was dangerous; they just knew
it tasted sweet. Children easily opened the bottle that we now use in China.
     Some days ago I talked about medicine with an American. He showed me a kind of plastic bottle. The
design was very quite simple and I'm sure our Chinese factories could produce these bottles. The top of the
bottle locks but can be opened by pressing down on it while turning. This is difficult for most young children
to do, though grown-ups can open these bottles very easily.
     I'm certain that the price of making such tops would be very low. As a doctor, I'd love to see this done.
And most parents would be grateful.
                                                                                                                                               Yours,
                                                                                                                                                Li Hua

1. The writer's job in the hospital was mainly to _____.

A. treat sick children
B. treat poisoned children
C. give medicine to people
D. give medicine to children

2. From the letter one can conclude that _______.

A. some children like to take adults' medicine
B. some adults medicines cause danger to children
C. all children like to take sweet medicines
D. all adults' medicines are dangerous to children

3. The doctor thinks that we should _____.

A. happy about China' a hospital
B. sorry for what has happened
C. eager to disclose the affair
D. anxious to solve the problem

4. The doctor thinks that we should ______.

A. learn from the Americans
B. buy this kind of bottle
C. produce this kind of plastic bottle
D. turn to Americans for advice

5. The letter was written to the editor to ask for _____.

A. money from the newspaper
B. the plastic bottles from the readers
C. advice from the editor
D. support from the public

     Do you raise salmon (鮭魚) in your classroom at school? Do you ever have class while floating down a
river in a canoe? Do you ever throw your school lunch leftovers into a compost (混合肥料) bin when you
are finished? They are all part of a regular school day at Barnard Environmental Studies Magnet School in
New Haven, Connecticut. Known as a "green" school, Barnard attracts students from all over the region who
are interested in environmental studies.
     "We do Earth Day all the year round," said Marjorie Drucker, Barnard's Magnet Resource teacher. With
the school's special classes, its 325 students study the environment all day long. "Being green means that
everything in the building is designed with the environment in mind," Drucker told Scholastic News. For
example, the lights go off when people leave the room, and special windows provide "passive light", cutting
down on the need for electric lighting. When a window is open, the air-conditioning automatically turns off.
     Conserving energy is not all that students do to help the environment. While learning about the dying
salmon population in the Connecticut rivers, students also do something to help out-they raise more salmon.
In the classrooms there are fish tanks containing salmon eggs. The eggs are kept in water at two degrees
Celsius. After the eggs hatch, students observe the baby salmon through all the stages of development, and
then release the adult salmon into Connecticut rivers.
     Composting is another part of taking care of the environment at Barnard Students deal with their lunches
by throwing the remaining food into a compost bin in a greenhouse. The compost is used to help grow plants.
     At Barnard, almost everything has to do with the environment. Students sing songs about the environment;
their artworks have something to do with the environment; even their math classes are focused on protecting
the environment.
     Barnard offers chances that students can't get in a regular school. The school's goal is to teach children to
be good environmental role models. They also learn to live in a different way. To attend the school, students
have to apply and express their interest in protecting the environment. "Students come here because they care
about the environment," said Drucker.

     Feel tired lately? Has a doctor said he can't find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he has sent you to
a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.
     Then, consider this: you might be in a state of sub-health (亞健康). Sub-health, also called the third
state or gray state, is explained as a borderline(界限) state between health and disease.
     According to the survey by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of sub-healthy people
are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management
positions as well as students around exam-week.
     Symptoms include a lack of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia, anger, and poor memory.
Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs.
     The key to preventing and recovering from sub-health, according to some medical experts, is to form
good living habits, alternate work and rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities.
     As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish because they are rich in nutritional elements -- vitamins and other elements that are important to
the body.
      Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause
unhealthy changes in the digestive tract (消化道). They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in
avoiding sub-health.

1. According to this passage, which of the following is true?

A. When you are in a state of sub-health, you should stay at home and keep silent.
B. When you are in a state of sub-health, you should go to see a doctor and buy some medicine.
C. When you are in a state of sub-health, you should have yourself examined in foreign countries.
D. When you are in a state of sub-health, you should find out the reasons and relax yourself.

2. It may be easy for middle-aged people to get sub-healthy because _________.

A. they have used up their energy                
B. they have lost their living hopes
C. they have more pressure in life and work        
D. they begin to get older

3. The key to preventing you from falling into a state of sub-health is that you should ________.

A. work hard             
B. sleep more
C. form good living habits     
D. take more medicine

4. The underlined word "alternate" in this passage is closest in meaning to _________.

A. arrange by turns        
B. cause to take place
C. keep oneself busy with     
D. get tired of

     Teeth are important. Strong, healthy teeth help you chew foods that help you grow. They help you speak
clearly. And, they help you look your best. Here are some tips for you to take care of your teeth.
     1. Brush your teeth on the right way.
     Brush your teeth at least twice a day-after breakfast and lunch or after sweet snacks, too. Brush all of your
teeth, not just the front ones, spend time brushing teeth along the sides and back of your mouth. Brush away
from your gums, too.
     Spend at least three minutes each time you brush. Play a song you like to help pass the time. Get a new
toothbrush every three months. When you buy your toothbrush,be sure it has soft bristles (毛).
     2. Learn how to floss your teeth.
     Flossing is a very important way to keep your teeth healthy. Food may hide in places where a toothbrush
cannot get to, like the space between two teeth. Flossing can help get rid of it. Carefully move floss between
two teeth. Up and down. You'll need to floss your teeth at least once a day.
     3. Have good eating habits.
     You need to be careful about what you eat and drink. Eating sugar is a major of tooth decay (腐敗). Eating
sugar before you go to bed can make things even worse, eat lots of fruit and vegetables and drink water instead
of soda.

1. The passage is mainly about _____.

A. how to take care of your teeth
B. how to brush your teeth
C. how to form good eating habits
D. how to floss your teeth

2. The underlined word "tips" in this passage means _____.

A. money given to the waiter for personal services
B. piece of advice on how to do something
C. light blow, tape
D. thin end of something

3. When you brush your teeth, at least _____ minute(s)is necessary.

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

4. Which is NOT mentioned in this passage?

A. Flossing your teeth.
B. Having good eating habits.
C. Brushing your teeth.
D. Going to see the dentist.

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to this article?

A. We should brush our teeth at least twice a day.
B. Flossing can help to get rid of the food hidden between two teeth.
C. One of the major causes of tooth decay is eating sugar.
D. We don't have to brush our teeth if we eat a lot of fruit and vegetables.

     Hiking is not only one of the best forms of physical exercise, but it is also one of the best forms of mental
relaxation. It is good for all ages and especially good as a family and group activity.
     Since there are so many different kinds of hiking, it is not possible to give any general rules to follow. Short
and frequent hikes, needing no planning or special equipment, are enjoyed by most people.
     * Keep in shape by walking at a fast pace for at least 15 minutes every day. Climbing stairs instead of using
a lift and running not too far is also a good way of keeping in shape.
     * On any hike nothing is more important than good, comfortable shoes.
     * The things you take might include matches in a waterproof box, a knife, compass, map, first aid items and
flashlight.
     * Cameras may be taken, but don't load with too much.
     * On longer hikes keep a comfortable, steady pace and take rest stops often.
     * Drink only safe water. If in doubt, boil the water.
     * Don't go along the busy roads. When you have to use a road, keep as far over on the left as possible.
     * Leave word at home or some other places as to where you are going and when you plan to return.
     * On almost any hike, a map is a good idea. If going into a strange place, a detailed map is most helpful.
     * Take along a field guide on flowers, birds, rocks, or other subjects depending upon your interests. This
can add greatly to the enjoyment and educational value of your hike.

1. The author feels that the most essential thing on a hike is ____.

A. a new map
B. a set of outdoor tools
C. a pair of good shoes
D. only safe water

2. The author thinks that hiking is especially valuable for ____.

A. single persons
B. families
C. old people
D. everyone

3. Generally speaking, hiking is ____.

A. a relaxing form of exercise
B. a dangerous activity for older people
C. not as popular as it was once
D. a good way of keeping in shape

4. The author mostly talks about ____.

A. general rules for hiking in mountainous areas
B. steps to be taken against dangerous animals
C. general things that should be paid attention to in hiking
D. all the things that are needed in hiking

5. The author suggests ____.

A. leaving cameras at home
B. drinking water from streams only
C. carrying more clothes
D. keeping away from heavy traffic

    Safety in thehighway is not totally out of hands. Here are four
ways we canprotect ourselves when we travel.
    You are safer in a  large car. People in small cars are
injured more often and more severely than  people traveling in
large cars. Factories of small cars are strengthening their
products' safety, which helps. But the mix of large cars and
small cars on the road is the main reason of the problem.
       Being thrown into glass and metal car parts, or being
thrown from the car, can really damage to you. That's why
safety belts should be worn. The safety belt's main purpose is
       if your car has a sudden crash with another vehicle or
object, or if it rolls over. A belt can reduce the chance of fatal
injury by 45% and the chance of serious injury by 50%.
     Air bags are important. More than half of all new cars sold
have air bags. Air bags provide protection in frontal ( 正面的)
crashes-the type of crash that kills the most drivers-
when they are also wearing safety belts. Most people are
demanding air bags in the cars they buy. But the protection
provided by air bags is limited in side or rear crashes; effective
as they are, they can't take the place of safety belts.
      Drunk driving crashes are less likely to happen if you don't
drink. Drunk driving is the most serious problem. Many people
have realized that drunk driving can lead to death and injury,
prison time and other results. There are movements to
strengthen penalties ( 處罰) for drinking and driving.

1. What is the main idea of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words. )
__________________________________________________________________
2. Which of the sentences in the passage can be replaced by the following one? 
     Although they are effective, you should still wear your  safety belts while driving.
__________________________________________________________________
3. Please fill in the blank with proper words to make the sentence completed.
    (Please answer within 6 words. )
___________________________________________________________________
4. Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
___________________________________________________________________
5. What other suggestions can you offer? Why? (Please answer within 30 words. )
___________________________________________________________________

     Anger is good for you, as long as you control it, according to new psychology research. A
new study from Carnegie Mellon University shows anger may help people reduce the negative
impacts of stress and help you become healthier.
     "Here getting emotional is not bad for you if you look at the case of anger," said Jennifer
     Lerner of Carnegie Mellon. "The more people display anger, the lower their stress responses."
     Lerner studied 92 UCLA students by asking them to count back from 6,200. They must say outloud
every thirteenth number. Researchers disturbed them by asking them to count faster or ask
them other questions. If they made any mistakes, they had to restart from the very beginning.
     Many students felt depressed about making so many mistakes or got angry.
     Lerner used a hidden video camera and recorded all their facial expressions during the test.
     The researchers describe their reactions as fear, anger and disgust.
     Other researchers recorded the students' blood pressure, pulse and production of a high-stress
hormone (荷爾蒙) called cortisol. People whose faces showed more fear during the experiment had
higher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormone. Both can have lasting effects such as
diabetes (糖尿病), heart disease, depression and extra weight gain.
     When people feel fear, negative impacts increase, but when they get angry, those negatives
go down, according to the study.
     "Having that sense of anger leads people to actually feel some power in what otherwise is
maddening (令人發(fā)狂的) situation," Lerner said.
     Lerner previously studied Americans' emotional response to the 911 terrorist attacks two
months after the incident. She found people who reacted with anger were more optimistic. These
people are healthier compared with those who were frightened during the event. So in maddening
situations, anger is not a bad thing to have. It's a healthier response than fear.

1. What is the story mainly about?

A. The findings of new psychology research.  
B. What you can do with anger in certain cases.
C. Different effects produced by anger and fear.
D. Healthier responses in maddening situations.

2. Which statement will Jennifer Lerner agree with?  

A. It's better to be angry than to be frightened.    
B. Different reactions reflect different outlooks on life.   
C. Don't control your anger and it makes you powerful.   
D. Pessimistic people are generally healthier.

3. What does the underlined word "both" refer to according to the passage?

A. Fear and anger.              
B. Blood pressure and pulse.
C. Blood pressure and cortisol.    
D. Higher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormone.

4. In what way can anger be beneficial to people?

A. By showing their optimistic side.            
B. By reducing their stress.
C. By reducing high blood pressure.            
D. By taking the place of fear.