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     ROME: The legend of Leonardo da Vinci is covered in mystery: How did he die? Are the remains
buried in a French castle really those of the master? Was the "Mona Lisa" a self-portrait in disguise (偽裝)?
     A group of Italian scientists believe the key to solving those puzzles lies with the remains, and they say
they are seeking permission to dig up the body to conduct carbon and DNA testing.
     If the skull is undamaged, the scientists can go to the heart of a question that has fascinated scholars
and the public for centuries: the identity of the "Mona Lisa." Recreating a virtual and then physical
reconstruction of Leonardo's face, they can compare it with the smiling face in the painting.
     "We don't know what we'll find if the tomb is opened. We could even just find grains and dust," says
Giorgio Gruppioni, an anthropologist who is participating in the project. "But if the remains are well kept,
they are a biological record of events in a person's life, and sometimes in their death." Silvano Vinceti, the
leader of the group, said that he plans to press his case with the French officials in charge of the said
burial site at Amboise Castle early next week.
     Leonardo moved to France at the invitation of King Francis I, who named him "first painter to the
king." He spent the last three years of his life there, and died in 1519 at age 67. The artist's original burial
place, the palace church of Saint Florentine, was destroyed during the French Revolution and remains
that are believed to be his were eventually reburied in the Saint-Hubert Chapel near the castle.
     "The Amboise tomb is a symbolic tomb; it's a big question mark," said Alessandro Vezzosi, the
director of a museum dedicated to Leonardo in his hometown of Vinci. Vezzosi said that investigating the
tomb could help identify the artist's bones with certainty and solve other questions, such as the cause of
his death. He said he asked to open the tomb in 2004 to study the remains, but the Amboise Castle
turned him down.
     The group of 100 experts involved in the project, called the National Committee for Historical and
Artistic Heritage, was created in 2003 with the aim of "solving the great mysteries of the past," said
Vinceti, who has written books on art and literature.
     Arguably the world's most famous painting, the "Mona Lisa" hangs in the Louvre in Paris, where it
drew some 8.5 million visitors last year. Mystery has surrounded the identity of the painting's subject for
centuries, with opinions ranging from the wife of a Florentine merchant to Leonardo's own mother.
     That Leonardo intended the "Mona Lisa" as a self-portrait in disguise is a possibility that has interested and divided scholars. Theories have existed: Some think that Leonardo's taste for tricks and riddles might
have led him to hide his own identity behind that puzzling smile; others have guessed that the painting hid
an androgynous lover.
     If granted access to the grave site, the Italian experts plan to use a tiny camera and radar to confirm
the presence of bones. The scientists would then exhume (挖掘) the remains and attempt to date the
bones with carbon testing.
     At the heart of the proposed study is the effort to discover whether the remains are actually
Leonardo's, including with DNA testing.
     Vezzosi questions the DNA comparison, saying he is unaware of any direct descendants (后代) of
Leonardo or of tombs that could be attributed with certainty to the artist's close relatives.
     Gruppioni said that DNA from the bones could also eventually be compared to DNA found elsewhere. For example, Leonardo is thought to have rubbed colors on the canvas with his thumb, possibly using
saliva (唾液), meaning DNA might be found on his paintings.
     Even in the absence of DNA testing, other tests could provide useful information, including whether
the bones belonged to a man or a woman, and whether the person died young or old.
     Even within the committee, experts are divided over the identity of the "Mona Lisa."
     Vinceti believes that a tradition of considering the self-portrait to be not just a faithful imitation of one's
features but a representation of one's spiritual identity may have resonated (共鳴) with Leonardo.
     Vezzosi, the museum director, dismissed as "baseless and senseless" the idea that the "Mona Lisa"
could be a self-portrait of Leonardo. He said most researchers believe the woman may have been either
a wife of the artist's sponsor, the Florentine nobleman Giuliano de Medici, or Lisa Gherardini, the wife of
a rich silk merchant, Francesco del Giocondo. The traditional view is that the name "Mona Lisa" comes
from the silk merchant's wife, as well as its Italian name: "La Gioconda."  

1. Why does the author ask a couple of questions in the beginning?

A. To arouse the interest of readers
B. To puzzle Italian scientists
C. To answer the questions himself
D. To make fun of French officials

2. The best title of this story might be "_____"

A. What Is the Purpose of an Investigation?ks5u
B. How Did Leonardo da Vinci Die in France?
C. Are the Remains Really Those of the Master?
D. Did Leonardo Paint Himself as 'Mona Lisa'?

3. The sentence "he plans to press his case with the French officials" (underlined in Paragraph 4)
     suggests that Vinceti intends to _____

A. press the French officials to participate in their project
B. urge the French officials to open the tomb early next week
C. persuade the French officials to allow opening the tomb
D. record events in a person's life with the French officials

4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. Scholars have the same opinion on DNA testing
B. Scientists doubt if the remains are those of da Vinci
C. The identity of "Mona Lisa" has already been proved
D. Alessandro Vezzosi got permission to open the tomb

5. We can infer from the last two paragraphs that _____?

A. "Mona Lisa" is the name of the wife of a silk merchant
B. the "Mona Lisa" is a self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci
C. experts divided the committee into several groups
D. opinions differ of the identity of the "Mona Lisa"

     For thousands of years, the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church
and the pub. Traditionally, the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town, where the
people gather together to socialize and exchange news.
     As a result, British pubs are often old and well preserved. Many of them have become historic sites.
The most famous example is the pub in the city of Nottingham called "The Old Trip to Jerusalem", which
dates back to the year 1189 AD and is probably the oldest pub in England.
     However, British pubs are not just for kings and queens; they welcome people from all classes and
parts of society. On a cold night, the pub's landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by
the fire. There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price.
     That's how things used to be. Things are beginning to change. It is said that the credit crunch(信貸緊縮) is causing 39 British pubs a week to go out of business. People do not have enough spare money to
spend on beer. Recently, the UK government banned smoking in all pubs, and that may also have affected the number of customers going to pubs.
     This decline is happening despite the fact that in 2005 the UK government started to allow pubs to
stay open after 1l pm. Previously, with 1l pm as closing time, customers would have to drink quite quickly, meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly. The British habit of
drinking a lot very quickly is known as "binge drinking", and it causes long-term health problems for people and problems with violent crime for communities.
     In order to save their businesses, pubs are trying to change with the market. British pubs now offer
something for everyone. A lot of pubs used to be "Working Men's Clubs", meaning that women could
not usually enter. Today, however, women can freely enter 99% of pubs without experiencing any
problems. Perhaps things are changing for the better after all.