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     The practice of magic includes special words, actions, and objects. Most magic involves a person
called a magician, who claims to have supernatural powers.
      Magic words. To work most magic, the magician sings or speaks special words in a certain order.
These words are called incantations or spells. Some spells form prayers to demons(魔鬼), spirits, or
other supernatural forces. Many societies believe the magic will not work unless the magician recites the
spells perfectly. Other magic words have no meaning, though they supposedly possess power when
spoken by a magician.
     Magic actions accompany the words spoken in performing much magic. Many of these movements
act out the desired effect of the magic. For example, a magician trying to make rain fall may sprinkle(灑)
water on the ground. The magician's combined words and actions form a ceremony.
     Magic objects include certain plants, stones, and other things with supposed supernatural powers.
Any such object may be called a fetish(物神). But this term often refers to an object-for example, a
carving or a dried snake-honored by a tribe for its magic powers. Many tribes believe fetishes have
magic power because spirits live in these objects.
     Many people carry magic objects called amulets(護(hù)身符)to protect themselves from harm. Many
amulets are stones or rings engraved(雕刻) with magic symbols.
     The magician. In some societies, nearly everyone knows how to work some magic. In other societies,
only experts practice magic. Magicians may be called medicine men, medicine women, shamans,
sorcerers, or witch doctors. In many societies, magicians must inherit their powers. In others, any person
may become a magician by studying the magical arts.
     Many societies believe magicians must observe certain rules and taboos (forbidden actions) for their
spells to work. For example, they may be required not to eat various foods or to avoid sexual activity for
a certain period before the ceremony.

1. What do magic words mean to people in some society?
A. They have the power to kill devils.
B. They have power if magician recites the right spells.
C. They have no effect at all.
D. They can be used whenever they want.

2. People believe magic actions will have an effect if they are accompanied by________.
A. the spells
B. magic objects
C. stones or rings engraved with magic symbols
D. medicine

3. Why do many people believe in a fetish?
A. Because it is often a ring which is worth a lot of money.
B. Because it is carved with magic symbols.
C. Because people think spirits live in it.
D. Because it can help them with many things.

4. According to the passage what kind of person can become a magician?
A. Only those studying the magical arts.
B. Only those inheriting their powers.
C. Only men.
D. Almost all the people in some societies.

5. What's the best title of the passage?
A. How Magic Works
B. The Power of Magic
C. How to Practice Magic
D. The Choice of Magicians

     I'm usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or
unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these
statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by
a report which concluded that today's children are significantly more anxious than children in the
1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children aged 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety
today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.
     Why are America's kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical
isolation(隔離) brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other
things and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.
      Considering that we_can't_turn_the_clock_back,_adults can still do plenty to help the next
generation.
     At the top of the list is nurturing(培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No
child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against
stress.
      To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers.
Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for facetoface relationships, and they will
get more sleep.
     Limit the amount of virtual(虛擬的) violence your children are exposed to. It's not just video
games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.
     Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended
Harvard or Yale.
     Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide
a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn't have to ruin your life.
 
1. According to the analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50
    years ago ________.
A. probably suffered less from anxiety
B. were considered less individualistic
C. were less isolated physically
D. were probably less selfcentered

2. What does the author mean by saying "we can't turn the clock back" in the third paragraph?
A. It's impossible to forget the past.
B. The social reality children are facing cannot be forgotten.
C. It's impossible to slow down the pace of change.
D. Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.

3. The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people's state of mind are ________.
A. illogical  
B. confusing
C. surprising  
D. questionable

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. To children, anxiety is completely avoidable.
B. TV and computer play an important role in isolating children from the real world.
C. Exercise does not help to lessen children's anxiety.
D. Sometimes local news about crime and murder also affects children a little.

5. The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is________.
A. to lower their expectations for them
B. to set a good model for them to follow
C. to get them more involved socially
D. to improve them with a safer environment

     Japanese high school students either walk or ride bicycles if the distance is not too great. In other
cases, students must take public buses and trains. After junior high school, students attend schools
based on their high school entrance examination scores. So some students travel a great distance to
attend the school.
     ________
     The school day begins at 8:30. Then students assemble in their homeroom classes for the day's
studies. Each homeroom has an average of 40-45 students. Students stay in their homeroom
classrooms for most of the school day. Only for physical education, laboratory classes, or other
subjects requiring special facilities(設(shè)備) do students move to different parts of the school. Between
classes and at lunchtime, classrooms can be noisy, lively places. Some schools may have a cafeteria(自
助餐廳), but most do not. In most schools, students bring a box lunch from home, prepared by the
mother in the early morning hours.
     Japanese students spend 240 days a year at school, 60 days more than American students. Students
in hig h schools take three years' each of the following subjects mathematics, social studies, Japanese,
science, and English. Other subjects include physical education, music, art, and moral(道德的) studies.
All the students in one grade level study the same subjects. Given the number of required subjects,
electives(選修科目) are few.
     Afterschool Activities
     Club activities take place after school every day. Students can join only one club, and they rarely
change clubs from year to year, so the clubs are relatively stable. Clubs are made up of sports clubs
(baseball, soccer, judo, kendo, etc.) and culture clubs(English, broadcasting, science, etc.). New
students usually are encouraged to select a club shortly after the school year begins in April. Clubs
meet for two hours after school each day and many clubs continue to meet during school vacations.

1. Most Japanese high school students often have their lunch________.
A. in restaurants  
B. in school cafeterias
C. at home    
D. in homeroom classrooms

2. Students in the USA go to school________days a year.
A. 180  
B. 200  
C. 240  
D. 300

3. The underlined word "rarely" in the fourth paragraph means "________".
A. always  
B. never  
C. seldom 
D. often

4.From the passage we know that________.
A. there are less than 40 students in each class in Japanese high schools
B. students must stay in homeroom classrooms for physical education
C. there are few subjects for students to choose except the required ones
D. there will not be any club activities during school vacations

5. The best subtitle for the second and third paragraphs may be "________".
A. At school  
B. In class
C. Subjects  
D. Homerooms

      Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends
with an enormous number.Some are pets, offering him companionship；some give protection, and some
do hard work which man cannot do for himself.Others, unfortunately, are kept as food.Dogs, which serve man in all four capacities(Korea and China are big dog eaters), are foundin various breeds(品種)in all
countries of the world.The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at homein the hottest parts of Central Africa.The inhabitants ofcertain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel.
In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and surefooted, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous
places, is a familiar sight.
      Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming in search
of food and shelter.They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.
     All domestic animals need proper food.It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and
clean.Some people feed a pet dog or cat on leftover food, and then wonder why the animal seems listless(倦怠的)and dull.The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it
takes.Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding.Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if
the animal is to maintain good health.
     Even wellcaredfor animals may sometimes fall ill.If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get.All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries
organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price.Useful, friendly and hardworking animals
deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.

1.What does the author mainly want to convey in the first paragraph?
A. There exist thousands of species of animals in the world.
B. Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.
C. In some regions dogs seem to be more closely related to man.
D. Most animals existing in the world are kept by humans now.

2.Which of the following is NOT a domestic animal, according to the passage?
A .A wolf kept in a zoo.
B. A cattle raised for farming.
C. A tiger performing in circus.
D. A fish living in the river.

3.Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage?
A. They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.
B. They have great adaptation for the environment.
C. There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.
D. The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breeds ever known in the world.

4.To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised   ___ .
A. not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on it
B. to be wise about their feeding
C. not to allow it to take too big amounts of exercise
D. to join some sort of petkeeping organizations

5.Which of the following would be the best TITLE for this passage?
A. Domesticated Animals-Man's Best Friends
B. Proper Diet for Healthy Animals
C. The Advantages of Raising Domestic Animals
D. Some Tips on Petkeeping

      Just like humans, birds too rely on sound to communicate.However, they do not have a "language" in
the true sense of the word and instead produce a variety of sounds to convey different emotions.
     Often, birds recognize their mates (or young) by sound rather than sight.Hungry young birds use
begging calls to let their mothers know it is feeding time.Alarm calls, flight calls and warning calls are other sounds made frequently by adults.
    A new study shows that songbirds rehearse (排演) their songs even in their sleep.The activity in the
brain of the birds when asleep is similar to the brain activity when the birds were awake and singing.The
team used tiny recording devices to measure the activity of individual brain cells in four songbirds both
when they were singing and when they were asleep.
     Apparently the bird stores a song after hearing it, and then rehearses it later in its sleep.Scientists now
believe the birds "dream of songs and tunes" to help them master the fine art of singing and that sleep
plays a key role in the learning process!
     Many songbirds learn to sing listening to adult birds of the same species.However, if separated from
the adults, the young birds develop sounds which are hard to understand instead of normal song patterns.
Researchers carried out an experiment in which a male bullfinch (灰雀) was raised by a female canary
(金絲雀). The bullfinch soon learned the canary's song and when it was later mated to a female bullfinch, Mr.Bullfinch taught his children the canary's songs.
     Last year, a British survey of London's songbirds showed that the city's birds are losing their tunes.
Birds could hardly hear one another, over the traffic noise；as a result, instead of copying the sweet
notes of the adults, young birds were copying the sounds they heard most often, namely car horns and
beeping cellphones!

1. According to the passage, birds recognize their mates by ________.
A. using their own words
B. listening to their sounds
C. looking at their appearances
D. singing the same songs

2. What kind of calls might a young bird make most often according to the passage?
A. Flight calls.  
B. Alarm calls.
C. Begging calls. 
D. Warning calls.

3. The story of Mr.Bullfinch suggests that ________.
A. young birds learn to sing from whom they live together with
B. birds only learn how to sing from the same adult species
C. it's not easy for adult birds to teach young birds songs
D. a canary's song is more beautiful than a bullfinch's

4. From the last paragraph we know that ________.
A. traffic noise makes young birds become deaf
B. birds in the city can sing as sweetly as those in the wild
C. birds in the city recognize their mates mainly by sight
D. noise pollution causes much trouble for birds in the city

5. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The eyesight of songbirds is very poor in most cases.
B. There's no brain activity when a bird is sleeping.
C. Birds have something in common with humans in terms of communication.
D. Different songbirds usually develop the same song patterns.

     The practice of magic includes special words, actions, and objects. Most magic involves a person
called a magician, who claims to have supernatural powers.  
     Magic words. To work most magic, the magician sings or speaks special words in a certain order.  
These words are called incantations or spells. Some spells form prayers to demons(魔鬼), spirits, or
other supernatural forces. Many societies believe the magic will not work unless the magician recites the
spells perfectly. Other magic words have no meaning, though they supposedly possess power when
spoken by a magician.
     Magic actions accompany the words spoken in performing much magic. Many of these movements
act out the desired effect of the magic. For example, a magician trying to make rain fall may sprinkle
(灑) water on the ground. The magician's combined words and actions form a ceremony.
     Magic objects include certain plants, stones, and other things with supposed supernatural powers. 
Any such object may be called a fetish(物神). But this term often refers to an object-for example, a
carving or a dried snake-honored by a tribe for its magic powers. Many tribes believe fetishes have
magic power because spirits live in these objects.
     Many people carry magic objects called amulets(護(hù)身符)to protect themselves from harm. Many
amulets are stones or rings engraved(雕刻) with magic symbols.
     The magician.  In some societies, nearly everyone knows how to work some magic. In other
societies, only experts practice magic. Magicians may be called medicine men, medicine women,
shamans, sorcerers, or witch doctors. In many societies, magicians must inherit their powers. In others,
any person may become a magician by studying the magical arts.
     Many societies believe magicians must observe certain rules and taboos (forbidden actions) for their
spells to work. For example, they may be required not to eat various foods or to avoid sexual activity
for a certain period before the ceremony.

1. What do magic words mean to people in some society?

A. They have the power to kill devils.
B. They have power if magician recites the right spells.
C. They have no effect at all.  
D. They can be used whenever they want.  

2. People believe magic actions will have an effect if they are accompanied by________.

A. the spells
B. magic objects
C. stones or rings engraved with magic symbols
D. medicine 

3. Why do many people believe in a fetish? 

A. Because it is often a ring which is worth a lot of money.  
B. Because it is carved with magic symbols.  
C. Because people think spirits live in it.  
D. Because it can help them with many things.

4. What's the best title of the passage?

A. How Magic Works
B. The Power of Magic
C. How to Practice Magic
D. The Choice of Magicians

1. Most Japanese high school students often have their lunch________.

A. in restaurants  
B. in school cafeterias
C. at home    
D. in homeroom classrooms

2. Students in the USA go to school________days a year.

A. 180  
B. 200  
C. 240  
D. 300

3. The underlined word "rarely" in the fourth paragraph means "________".

A. always  
B. never  
C. seldom  
D. often

4. From the passage we know that________.

A. there are less than 40 students in each class in Japanese high schools
B. students must stay in homeroom classrooms for physical education
C. there are few subjects for students to choose except the required ones
D. there will not be any club activities during school vacations

5. The best subtitle for the second and third paragraphs may be "________".

A. At school  
B. In class
C. Subjects  
D. Homerooms