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Willi around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arc still awake after the first IS minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas (睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting (警報) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the "night owl" schedule of sleep.
This is opposed to the "early bird" schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as "night owls" and only 10 percent can be classified as "early birds" - the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.
小題1:What docs the author stress in Paragraph I?

A．Many students are absent from class.

B．Students are very tired on Monday mornings.

C．Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.

D．Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.

小題2:Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?

A．Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.

B．Students don't sleep well because of alerting systems.

C．One's body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.

D．Adolescents' delayed sleep/wake cycle isn't the preferred pattern.

小題3:Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "classified"?

A．Criticised.

B．Grouped.

C．Organised.

D．Named.

小題4:What docs the text mainly talk about?

A．Functions of the body clock.

B．The "night owl" phenomenon.

C．Human beings' sleep behaviour.

D．The school schedule of "early birds".

Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin (荷爾蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently.
"Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men lend to be competitive. They are trying to improve their social status," said Professor Ryan.
Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and
our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions (互動) such as falling in love or giving birth.
But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.
Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship. Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants（參與者）received oxytocin. The other half received placebo (安慰劑).
After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went tlirough the same procedure with the other material.
Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.
The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men's ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.
Professor Ryan thus concluded: "Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors (因素) that are mainly hormonal."
小題1:What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?

A．Placebo.	B．Oxytocin.
C．The gesture.	D．The social status.

小題2:What can we learn from Professor Ryan's previous experiment?

A．Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.

B．Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.

C．Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others' success.

D．Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people's behavior differences.

小題3:Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?

A．To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.

B．To know the differences between friendship and competition.

C．To know people's different abilities to answer questions.

D．To test people's understanding of body language.

小題4:The author develops the text by______.

A．explaining people's behaviors

B．describing his own experiences

C．distinguishing sexual differences

D．discussing research experiments

People aren’t walking any more---if they can figure out a way to avoid it.
I felt superior about this matter until  the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn’t in ay hurry, either, I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.
It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day’s walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced –and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Stature of Liberty.
Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart. But a well-known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrhams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper…… is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And wlaking is an ideal form of exercise--- the most familiar and natural of all.
It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the  trees, flower, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world, He cannot learn in a car.
The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don’t dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.
I say that the green of forests is the mind’s best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.
小題1:What is the national sickness?

A．Walking too much

B．Traveling too much

C．Driving cars too much

D．Climbing stairs too much.

小題2:What was life like when the author was young?

A．People usually went around on foot.

B．people often walked 25 miles a day

C．People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.

D．people considered a ten-j\hour walk as a hardship.

小題3:The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that

A．middle-aged people like getting back to nature

B．walking in nature helps enrich one’s mind

C．people need regular exercise to keep fit

D．going on foot prevents heart disease

小題4:What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph6?

A． A queue of cars

B．A ray of traffic light

C．A flash of lightning

D．A stream of people

小題5:What is the author’s intention of writing this passage?

A．To tell people to reflect more non life.

B．To recommend people to give up driving

C．To advise people to do outdoor activities

D．To encourage people to return to walking

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A, B, C, D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ________at work in people of all _________. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about _______with their new toys. But their ________soon wear off and by January those_________toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_________stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s _________interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child________bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the_______of caring the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescent enter high school with great_______but soon looking forward to________. The same is true of the young adults going to the college. And then, how many_________, who complain about the long drives to work, _________drove for hours at a time when they first_________  their drivers licenses? Before people retire, they usually  _______to do a lot of_____things, which never had _____while working. But ________after retirement, the golfing, the fishing , the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they _______. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new_________.

小題1:	A．principle B．habit C．way D．power

小題2:	A．parties B．races C．countries D．a(chǎn)ges

小題3:	A．working B．living C．playing D．going

小題4:	A．confidence B．interest C．a(chǎn)nxiety D．sorrow

小題5:	A．same B．extra C．funny D．expensive

小題6:	A．well-organized B．colorfully-printed C．newly-collected D．half-filled

小題7:	A．broad B．passing C．different D．main

小題8:	A．silently B．impatiently C．gladly D．worriedly

小題9:	A．promise B．burden C．right D．game

小題10:

A．courage B．calmness C．confusion D．excitement

小題11:

A．graduation B．independence C．responsibility D．success

小題12:

A．children B．students C．a(chǎn)dults D．retirees

小題13:

A．carefully B．eagerly C．nervously D．bravely

小題14:

A．required B．obtained C．noticed D．discovered

小題15:

A．need B．learn C．start D．plan

小題16:

A．great B．strange C．difficult D．correct

小題17:

A．time B．money C．skills D．knowledge

小題18:

A．only B．well C．even D．soon

小題19:

A．lost B．choose C．left D．quit

小題20:

A．pets B．toys C．friends D．colleagues

Since the first Earth Day in 1970,American have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment . “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment ,let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many ,many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former  governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first According to US government reports , emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with , the world is a safer and healthier place .A kind of “Green thinking ” has become part of practices .
Great improvement has been achieved .In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs ,; today in 1995 there are about 6,600 .Advanced lights ,motors , and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution .
Twenty –five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment .Today , it’s hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program .” Until we do that , nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson .
小題1:According to Anderson , before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___

A．the social movement

B．recycling techniques

C．environmental problems

D．the importance of Earth Day

小題2:Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?

A．The grass –roots level

B．The business circle

C．Government officials

D．University professors

小題3:What have Americans achieved in environmental protection ?

A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest

B．They have settled their environmental problems

C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.

D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures .

小題4:What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph ?

A．Education

B．Planning

C．Green living

D．CO reduction

Wealth starts with a goal saving a dollar at a time. Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略). There are lessons in that time-honored coin-saving container.
Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps. I f you wished to climb a 12,000-foot mountain, and could do it a day at a time, you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach the top in a year. If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion, to collect the $15,000 cost, you have to save $3.93 a day. If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1,434 in a savings account at 1% interest rate after-tax, you will have your trip money.
When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save money to buy it. We associate piggy banks with children, but in many countries, the little containers are also popular with adults. Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth. Around the world, many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year’s Day brings good luck and financial success. Ah, but you have to put something in it.
Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving? Why not an elephant bank, which is bigger and holds more coins? In the Middle Ages, before modern banking and credit instruments, people saved money at home, a few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish. Potters(制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orange-colored clay(黏土) called “pygg,” and folks saved coins in pygg jars.The Middle English word
for pig was “pigge”. While the Saxons pronounced pygg, referring to the clay, as “pug”, eventually the two words changed into the same pronunciation, sounding the “i” as in pig or piggy. As the word became less associated with the orange clay and more with the animal, a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig, delighting children and adults. The piggy bank was born.
Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings. While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving, adults often need to relearn childhood lessons. Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money--- college education, weddings, cars, medical care, starting a business, buying a home, and fun stuff like great trips. So when you have money, take off the top 10%, put it aside, save and invest wisely. 
小題1:What is the piggy bank strategy?

A．Paying 1% income tax at a time.

B．Setting a goal before making a travel plan.

C．Aiming high even when doing small things.

D．Putting aside a little money regularly for future use.

小題2:Why did the writer’s parents give him a piggy bank as a gift?

A．To delight him with the latest fashion.

B．To encourage him to climb mountains.

C．To help him form the habit of saving.

D．To teach him English pronunciation.

小題3:What does then underlined word “something”(Paragraph 3) most probably refer to?

A．Money	B．Gifts
C．Financial success	D．Good luck

小題4:The piggy ban originally was _________.

A．a(chǎn) potter’s instrument

B．a(chǎn) cheap clay container

C．a(chǎn)n animal-shaped dish

D．a(chǎn) pig-like toy for children

小題5:The last paragraph talks about ________.

A．the seriousness of educating children

B．the enjoyment of taking a great trip

C．the importance of managing money

D．the difficulty of starting a business

One afternoon last week, I saw three tearful children from my son’s school being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11-year-old had stomach pains, retching（干嘔）into a bowl. Talking to other mothers later, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficult sleeping the night before.
What caused so much pain? Sports day. Sports day might be necessary at a highly-competitive independent school, but not at a village primary school. For the children who can fly like the wind, sports day cause no problem. For those who are overweight or just not good at sport, it is nightmare（噩夢）. Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disease.
Why do we put our children through this annual suffering? Some may say competition is character building; or it’s taking part, not winning, that’s important; or that’s a tradition of school life. I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain.
Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races, wild enthusiasm, lots of shouting — and were fun to watch. More importantly, the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyone’s eyes. Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side.
I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive event. Perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.
小題1:What can we learn about the author’s son from Paragraph 1?

A．He talked with some mothers.

B．He comforted his classmates.

C．He had difficulty in sleeping.

D． He suffered from stomachache.

小題2:Sports day is still an annul event in this school probably because __________.

A．this is an independent school

B．it is a tradition of the school

C．it helps children lose weight

D．children enjoy watching sports

小題3:What does the author think about team games?

A．They should include more stressful races.

B．They are acceptable to different children.

C．They should be abandoned at primary school.

D．They are less fun for those who love running.

小題4:What is the author’s attitude towards sports day?

A．Critical.

B．Neutral.

C．Positive.

D．Ambiguous.

Anne Sanders was practicing soccer moves, which was not normal. Usually, Anne only plays basketball. She wins every basketball game she plays, and she loses at any other game.  "Anne", I waved to her. "Why are you playing soccer?"
"Well, the gym teacher is doing something different," she said. "There are teams of four and partners of two.We get to pick our partners, and I want someone to pick me. "Anne held up a list.
"It looks like I'm on a team with you, Stacey, and Paul," I said.  "Stacey is my best friend.Maybe we can be together: " Just then,  Stacey and Paul came over.  They had heard of the teams.
"Do you want to be partners, Stacey?" I asked.
"Well, I was going to be partners with Paul," she claimed. I didn't blame her. Paul was as fast as a rocket, and my nickname was "Snail".  "But we are best friends," said Stacey.  “So I guess I'II be with you. "
It was our first game. Stacey went to talk to some other friends afterwards, and Paul and Anne were talking about winning their game. I was sipping on my water, when I overheard Stacey, "She's worse than I thought; if I played the team alone,, I would have won easily. She's worse than a snail.  She's more like a statue. "
That night, I felt terrible for losing and mad at Stacey for calling me a statue. After all, she was my best friend and my only friend. Anyway, the phone rang, and it was Stacey. At first, I thought she might apologize, but no such luck.
“Allison,  the game tomorrow is canceled, "  she said.
"Okay," I replied.  "Sorry about the game today", Stacey hung up on me.
The next day, I went over to the soccer field. I knew the game was canceled, but maybe I could help clean up.But instead of a mess, I saw a soccer game in progress.  Stacey and were playing, and Anne was hiding in the corner.  "Paul made me pretend to be sick, "  she whispered.  “He wants to play with Stacey because she's so fast. "
So Anne and I went to get ice cream.  Even if I lost Stacey ,I just created a lifelong friendship.
小題1:Why did Anne practice playing soccer?

A．Because she wanted to win in all games.

B．Because she didn't want to be left out.

C．Because she intended to be a normal student.

D．Because she hoped to do something different.

小題2:What did Stacey complain about Allison?

A．Allison called her nickname.

B．Allison was as fast as a rocket.

C．Allison didn't treat her as a best friend

D．Allison moved too slowly in the game.

小題3:Stacey phoned Allison in order to

A．get rid of Allison as a partner

B．a(chǎn)pologize for calling Allison a statue

C．tell Allison there was no game tomorrow

D．encourage Allison to fight in the next game

小題4:Allison went to the soccer field to________

A．watch a soccer game

B．keep the soccer field clean

C．find out Why the game was cancelled

D．make preparations for another game

小題5:What conclusion can we draw from this passage?

A．Allison wanted to be partners with Anne.

B．Stacey called Allison to show real concern.

C．Allison and Anne would be friends forever.

D．Anne was hiding in the corner because she was sick.

Being young is great. Most of the parts of your body still work great, you have a full head of hair, you’re energetic, and you have a world of opportunity in front of you. However, there’s going to come a time when you start to get older. And as you get older, you’ll have new responsibilities, complete independence, and perhaps most importantly, less time to recover from mistakes.
You see, we all make mistakes in life. Maybe you spent more money than you should have on a car, you passed up on a great job opportunity, or you didn’t try as hard as you could have in school. It’s a part of life and we learn from it. But there are certain mistakes that are much better made while you’re still young and have plenty of time to recover.
I’m definitely not telling you that you should purposely go out and make these mistakes (because they’re a pain to recover from). But these are all mistakes that are much better made when you’re younger so that you can learn from them and not have them ruin your entire life.
Starting the wrong career
Wouldn’t you hate to be 45 years old and discover that you absolutely hate what you do for a living? It’s a reality that a lot of people face and it can be difficult to fix. You see, when you’re 23 and find out you don’t like the career path you’ve chosen, you can easily explore new career options.
We no longer live in an age when people are expected to stay with one company until they retire. You can bounce around a little bit and find out what you want to do. When you get older, just switching careers whenever you want isn’t as simple.
You have to consider your family, retirement, the difficulties you might run into with starting from the bottom in a new industry, and plenty of other issues that someone in their early 20’s just doesn’t have to deal with.
Dating the wrong person
The divorce rate in the U.S is extremely high. Other parts of the world aren’t doing too much better either. While everyone gets divorced for their own reasons, I think we can all agree that it’s better to find out that the person you’re with is wrong for you sooner rather than later.
Hopefully you find out whether or not the person you’re with is right for you before you tie the knot, because around 50% of first marriages end in divorce.
Messing up your credit
Ruining your credit is never a good idea. Even if you ruin it while you’re young, it could affect you in the future. The upside of having bad credit while you’re young instead of older is that you have time to build it back up.
It can take 7-10 years to rebuild your credit if you have a history of late payments, loan defaults, foreclosures, or bankruptcy. During those 7-10 years, you’ll have a hard time financing anything unless you have a cosigner or put down a substantial down payment.
Most people tend to make most of the bigger purchases in life when they get older such as a house or their dream car. If you have bad credit, you can kiss all of that goodbye.
Making bad investments
If you’re investing money for your retirement, making bad decisions can mean you’ll be working your entire life. Whether you choose to pay someone to do the investing for you or handle it all yourself, it’s a lot better to take risks when you’re younger.
If you invest in stock or even real estate while you’re young and the market takes a hit, you’re not ruined. Investing is a long-term venture, so the younger you start, the more fluctuation you can withstand and still come out with a positive return.
Blowing your money
What would you do if you went broke at 60 years old? You would be working your behind off when you really should be relaxing and getting ready to retire soon.
But if you’re 25 and broke, you still have plenty of time to earn more money. Also, nobody will judge you because it’s not unusual for people in their 20’s to not have money these days. You might have blown your money on a nice car or have an obsession with all the newest gadgets.
When you get older, you’ll be able to look back and realize how dumb you were for spending $20,000 on a brand new car when you were only 20 years old. But when you’re older and waste your money, you’ll REALLY have nothing to show for it.
小題1:The following are all the advantages of being young EXCEPT ___________.

A．you have more time to recover from mistakes

B．most of the parts of your body still work great

C．you have many responsibilities and complete independence

D．you have a world of opportunity in front of you

小題2:You can bounce around a little bit and find out what you want to do. “Bounce” in this sentence is most similar in meaning to __________.

A．My father would burst into the kitchen bouncing a football.

B．The wind was bouncing the branches of the big oak trees.

C．I was an army brat, I always bounced a lot when I was young

D．The ex-boxer's job is to bounce people who want to enter this private club.

小題3: What does the author really mean by saying “it’s a lot better to take risks when you’re younger”?

A．You should purposely go out and make these mistakes so that you can learn from them and not have them ruin your entire life.

B．There are certain mistakes that are much better made while you’re still young and have plenty of time to recover.

C．When you get older, you’ll have rich experiences to share with your friends and families however dumb you were

D．The younger you start, the fewer risks you can withstand and still come out with a positive return.

小題4:We can infer from the passage that ___________.

A．a(chǎn)bout 50% of first marriages end in divorce in the U.S, much higher than other parts of the world

B．never tie the knot before you make sure he or she will not divorce you

C．it usually takes 7-10 years to rebuild one’s credit if it is broken for any reason

D．it’s unusual for people in their 20’s to have money these days

小題5:The author wrote this article mainly to tell the young ____________.

A．if you are to take risks, the earlier, the better

B．it’s better for the young to take any risk than the older

C．that they should make big purchases such as a house when they get older

D．if you don’t take risks when young, your youth will be dumb

The clock struck（敲）eleven at night. The whole house was quiet. Everyone was in bed except me. Under the strong light, I looked sadly before me at a huge pile of that troublesome stuff they call “books”. I was going to have my examination the next day. “When can I go to bed?” I asked myself. I didn’t answer. In fact I dared not(不敢).
The clock struck twelve. “Oh, dear!” I cried. “Ten more books to read before I can go to bed!” We students are the most wretched creatures in the world. Dad does not agree with me on this. He did not have to work so hard when he was a boy.
The clock struck one. I was quite desperate now. I forgot all I had learned. I was too tired to go on. I did the only thing I could. I prayed, “Oh God, please help me pass the exam tomorrow. I do promise to work hard afterwards, Amen.” My eyes were so heavy that I could hardly open them. A few minutes later, with my head on the desk, I fell asleep.
小題1: The underlined word “wretched” in Paragraph 3 probably means ____________.

A．happy	B．disappointed
C．unhappy	D．hopeful

小題2: Reviewing his lessons that night didn’t help him because ____________.

A．it was too late at night

B．he was very tired

C．his eyelids were so heavy that he couldn’t keep them open

D．he hadn’t studied hard before the examination

小題3: What do you suppose probably happened to the author the next day?

A．He went to a church to pray again.	B．He passed the exam all by luck.
C．He failed in the exam.	D．He was punished by his teacher.

小題4: The best title for the passage would be ____________.

A．The Night Before the Examination	B．Working Far into the Night
C．A Slow Student	D．Going Over My Lessons