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Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually lasts only a few minutes or a few hours．This kind of loneliness is not serious．In fact, it is quite normal．For some people, though, loneliness can last for years．Now researchers say there are three different kinds of loneliness．
The first kind of loneliness is temporary．This is the most common type．It usually disappears quickly and does not need any special attention．
The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a certain situation, for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place．Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year．
The third kind of loneliness is the most severe．Unlike the second type, chronic （長期的） loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause．People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and being close to others．Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition．
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, such as friends, family members, co-workers, etc．We depend on various people for different reasons．For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share interests and activities．However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more．They question then" own popularity．
Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease．While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal and healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad and sometimes dangerous condition．
小題1:Which of the following can be the cause of situational loneliness?

A．Sleeplessness．	B．Changing work．
C．Heart disease．	D．Social contacts．

小題2:The underlined word "it" in the last sentence of the third paragraph refers to _____ ．

A．headaches	B．situational loneliness
C．sleeplessness	D．temporary loneliness

小題3:How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?

A．Just ignore it．	B．Talk to friends．
C．Go to see a doctor．	D．Ask your teachers for guidance．

小題4:What can we learn from the passage?

A．People feel lonely in a certain situation．

B．There are only three types of loneliness in our life．

C．Loneliness doesn't affect people much．

D．Scientists have found ways to help habitually lonely people．

Preparing for the Next Job Market
The latest spike in the unemployment rate is being felt across the board ?in 98 percent of metropolitan areas, in high-wage and low-wage jobs, among young and old, women and men, but especially men．
This landscape means that young Americans who are trying to plan their futures right now have some hard choices．Do they go to college and take on debt without hope of getting a job? And what about high school students? Do they have any chance of securing a job without a college degree? Perhaps the education system needs to react to this rapidly moving economic crisis．
In our current economic collapse, the connection between education and employment could not be more different than it was during the Depression．Education must now hold center stage, not because of an enemy abroad but because of the global economy．The jobs of the future will demand levels of education, particularly skills in mathematics, technology and science, which exceed those now taught in high school．
A healthy society should strive for full employment．In our times, that goal cannot be realized, or even approximated by creating jobs for the unskilled．The long-term prospect for economic recovery depends on the extent to which we improve our educational system．And this is where America is now at its weakest．##
Our high schools produce graduates who do not write well enough, have limited reasoning skills and are unable to use the tools of mathematics．Their command of science is far inferior to that of their counterparts in other nations．And all too many young people drop out．We may still have the best university system, but it benefits only a minority．
We will need more engineers, scientists and service providers, particularly in the health professions, with a quality of education that cannot be obtained in the current system．Radical change, not reform, is called for．
What should be done? First, high school should be cut short and end when students are 16．Second, a new generation of two-year college programs tied to a wide range of specific skills that the economy needs should be created．Third, access to four-year colleges should be expanded, giving more Americans the chance to acquire the deep learning that makes breakthroughs in technology possible．Fourth, we need to recruit more public school teachers and train them better, particularly in physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics, so that our children can be prepared to compete．
小題1:Nowadays, students graduating from high school____．

A．write well enough

B．have limitless reasoning skills

C．can't use the tools of mathematics

D．command science as much as their counterparts in other nations

小題2:What should we do to improve the quality of education?

A．Students shouldn't study in high school until 16．

B．We should create a new generation of two-year college programs tied to a wide range of specific skills the economy needs．

C．We should limit access to four-year colleges．

D．We ought to recruit more private school teachers and train them better．

小題3:What does the word "collapse" in the third paragraph mean?

A．success

B．failure

C．development

D．booming

小題4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Young Americans planning their futures have difficult choices．

B．Education must hold center stage due to the global economy．

C．The best university system benefits a majority．

D．A health society should struggle for full employment．

The surprising experiment I am about to describe proves that air is all around you and that it proves down upon you．Air pressure is a wonderful force．When you swim underwater, you can feel water push down your body．The air all around you does the same．However, your body is so used to it that you do not notice this．The pressure is caused by a layer of air called the atmosphere．This layer surrounds the Earth, extending to about five kilometers above the Earth's surface．
The following experiment is an easy one that you can do at home．But make sure that you are supervised, because you will need to use matches．
What you need
·A hard-boiled egg without the shell
·A bottle with a neck slightly smaller than the egg
·A piece of paper
·A match
Method
1）Check that the paper will sit firmly on the neck of the bottle．
2）Tear the paper into strips and put the strips into the bottle．
3）Light the paper by dropping a burning match into the bottle．
4）Quickly sit the egg on the neck of the bottle．
Result
Astonishingly, the egg will be sucked into the bottle．Your friends will be amazed when you show them the experiment．But be careful when you handle matches．
Why it happened
As the paper burns, it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen （air）in the bottle．The egg acts as a seal in the neck of the bottle, so no more air can get inside．This reduces the air pressure inside the bottle．The air pressure must equalize, so more air from outside must enter the bottle．The outside air presses against the egg and then the egg is pushed into the bottle! That proves that air is all around and that it is pressing down on it．
小題1:Why is there the need to take care when you are doing the experiment?

A．The bottle could break．

B．You need to light the paper with a match．

C．The egg needs to be shelled．

D．The egg has to be perfectly placed on the neck of the bottle．

小題2:In the experiment, the burning inside the bottle can__．

A．equalize the air pressure inside and outside

B．make a seal in the neck of the bottle

C．finish up the oxygen inside the bottle

D．produce more oxygen inside the bottle

小題3:How did the egg put into the bottle?

A．The oxygen inside the bottle sucked the egg in．

B．It became salt without the shell．

C．The neck of the bottle was wide enough．

D．The outside air pressure forced it into the bottle．

小題4:The experiment is carried out to prove ____．

A．water pushes on your body when you swim underwater

B．the earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere

C．the pressure of air around us has a powerful force

D．the air pressure is not equalized around us

As computers become all the more popular in China, Chinese people are increasingly relying on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters. But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting the exact strokes（筆畫）of each Chinese character when writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more.
Do you write by hand more or type more? In Beijing, students start using a computer as early as primary school. And computer dependence is more wide-spread among university students. Almost all their assignments and essays are typed on a computer.
All the students interviewed say they usually use a computer.
It's faster and easier to correct if using a computer. And that's why computers are being applied more and more often to modern education. But when people are taking stock in computers increasingly, problems appear.
"When I'm writing with a pen, I find I often can't remember how to write a character, though I feel I’m familiar with it."
"I'm not in the mood to write when faced with a pen and paper."
Many students don't feel this is something to worry about. Now that it's more convenient and efficient to write on a computer, why bother to handwrite?
Many educators think differently. Shi Liwei , the headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said "Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic(審美的) value. But those characters typed with computer keyboards only maintain their practical value. All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost. And handwriting contains the writer's emotion. Through one's handwriting, people can get to know one's thinking and personality. Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression of them"
To encourage students to handwrite more, many primary schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory(必修的)and in universities, some professors are asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand.
小題1:Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

A．The Importance of Handwriting and Typing.

B．To Type or To Hand Write

C．Writing By Computer Will Replace Writing By Hand

D．Practical and Aesthetic Value of Chinese Characters.

小題2:The students interviewed prefer to write using a computer mainly because______.

A．they are usually asked to e-mail their Homework and Essays

B．they can correct the mistakes they make quickly and conveniently

C．they find it not easy to remember how to write a character

D．computers have become a trend and fashion in China.

小題3:Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE of the advantages of handwriting?

A．Handwriting contains the writer's emotion.

B．The writer’s thinking and personality are shown in his or her handwriting,

C．Handwriting can impress people well and build one’s self-confidence

D．Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic value.

We have spoken of marriage as a formal contract.It should be noted, however, that this contract does not 1 the same form in different societies.In Western societies, the 2 of a man and a woman 3 given the status of legal marriage by being registered by an official 4 by the state.In some African so cieties, 5 , marriage has nothing to do 6 an official registration of this kind but is legalized by the formal 7 of goods.Generally 8 is the bridegroom who is required to make a 9 of goods to the bride's kin(親戚), though sometimes a payment is 10 made by the bridegroom's kin to that of the bride.
Among the Nuer, a 11 living in Southern Sudan, the payment made to the bride's kin, 12 as bridewealth, is in the 13 of cattle.Once the 14 of bridewealth is agreed 15 , and the formal payment is made, the marriage becomes a 16 union and the offspring of the union become the acceptable 17 of the husband.They remain 18 children even 19 the wife subsequently leaves him to live with 20 man。
1.A.make B.get C.take D.do
2.A.condition B.difference C.union D.divorce
3.A.is B.are C.was D.were
4.A.recognizing B.recognize C.to recognize D.recognized
5.A.however B.yet C.though D.still
6.A.with B.from C.for D.to
7.A.exchange B.contact C.communication D.connection
8.A.that B.this C.one D.it
9.A.money B.payment C.cost D.consumption
10.A.also B.too C.either D.as well
11.A.a person B.a people C.a man  D.a couple
12.A.called B.known C.named D.looked
13.A.shape B.size C.form D.type
14.A.amount B.number C.figure D.volume
15.A.upon B.with C.to D.for
16.A.legal B.casual C.direct D.progressive
17.A.bride B.cattle C.wealth D.children
18.A.his B.her C.their D.one?s
19.A.before B.because C.while D.if
20.A.other B.another C.more D.farther

Today the car is the most popular sort of transportation in all of the United States.It has completely 1 the horse as a 2 of everyday transportation.Americans use their car for 3 90% of all 4 business.Most Americans are able to 5 cars.The average price of a 6 made car was ,050 in 1950, ,470 in 1960 and up to ,750 7 1975.During this period American car manufacturers set about 8 their products and work efficiency.As aresult, the yearly income of the 9 family increased from 1950 to 1975 10 than the price of cars.For this reason 11 a new car takes a smaller 12 of a family?s total earnings today.In 1951 13 it took 8.1 months of an average family?s 14 to buy a new car.In 1962 a new car 15 8.3 of a family?s annual earnings, by 1975 it only took 4.75 16 income.In addition, the 1975 cars were technically 17 to models from previous years.The 18 of automobile extends throughout the economy 19 the car is so important to American.Americans spend more money 20 keeping their cars running than on any other item.
1.A.denied B.reproduced C.replaced D.ridiculed
2.A.means B.mean C.types D.kinds
3.A.hardly B.nearly C.certainly D.somehow
4.A.personal B.personnel C.manual D.artificial
5.A.buy B.sell C.race D.see
6.A.quickly B.regularly C.rapidly D.recently
7.A.on B.in C.before D.after
8.A.raising B.making C.reducing D.improving
9.A.unusual B.smallest C.average D.biggest
10.A.slower B.equal C.faster D.less
11.A.bringing B.obtain C.bought D.purchasing
12.A.part B.half C.number D.quality
13.A.clearly B.proportionally C.percentage D.suddenly
14.A.income B.work C.plans D.debts
15.A.used B.spent C.cost D.needed
16.A.month?s B.year?s C.family D.year
17.A.famous B.superior C.fastest D.better
18.A.running B.notice C.influence D.affect
19.A.then B.as C.so D.which
20.A.to B.in C.of D.for

Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 1 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street.Main Street was always in the heart of a town.This street was 2 on both sides with many 3 businesses.Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing,furniture,hardware,groceries. 4 ,some shops offered 5 .These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe?repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. 6 in the 1950s, a change began to 7 .Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 8 too few parking places were 9 shoppers.Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 10 the city limits.Open space is what their car?driving customers needed.And open space is what they got 11 the first shopping centre was built.Shopping centres, or rather malls, 12 as a collection of small new stores 13 crowded city centres. 14 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 15 areas to outlying malls.And the growing 16 of shopping centres led 17 to the building of bigger and better?stocked stores. 18 the late 1970s,many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves.In addition to providing the 19 of one?stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, 20 benches,fountains,and outdoor entertainment.
1.A.As early as B.Early C.Early as D.Earlier
2.A.built B.designed C.intented D.lined
3.A.varied B.various C.sorted D.mixed up
4.A.Apart from B.However C.In addition D.As well
5.A.medical care B.food C.cosmetics D.services
6.A.suddenly B.Abruptly C.Contrarily D.But
7.A.be taking place B.take placeC.be taken place D.have taken place
8.A.while B.yet C.though D.and then
9.A.available for B.available to C.used by D.ready for
10.A.over B.from C.out of D.outside
11.A.when B.while C.since D.then
12.A.started B.founded C.set up D.organized
13.A.out of B.away from C.next to D.near
14.A.Attracted B.Surprised C.Delighted D.Enjoyed
15.A.inner B.central C.shopping D.downtown
16.A.distinction B.fame C.popularity D.liking
17.A.on B.in turn C.by turns D.further
18.A.By B.During C.In D.Towards
19.A.cheapness B.readiness C.convenience D.handiness
20.A.because of B.and C.with D.provided

Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 1 an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets 2 the details.Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to 3 the news.
　　Newspapers have one basic 4 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 5 it.Radio, telegraph, television, and 6 inventions brought competition for newspapers.So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 7 , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on.They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 8 and thus the efficiency of their own operations.Today more newspapers are 9 and read than ever before.Competition also led newspapers to branch outsintosmany other fields.Besides keeping readers 10 of the latest news, today's newspapers 11 and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters.Newspapers influence readers' economic choices 12 advertising.Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 13 .Newspapers are sold at a price that 14 even a small fraction of the cost ofproduction.The main 15 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising.The 16 in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers.This 17 in terms of circulation.How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 18 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 19 in a newspaper's pages.But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information 20 the community, city, country, state, nation, and world—and even outer space. 1.A.Just when B.While C.Soon after D.Before
2.A.to give B.giving C.given D.being given
3.A.gather B.spread C.carry D.bring
4.A.reason B.cause C.problem D.purpose
5.A.make B.publish C.know D.write
6.A.another B.other C.one another D.the other
7.A.However B.And C.Therefore D.So
8.A.value B.ratio C.rate D.speed
9.A.spread B.passed C.printed D.completed
10.A.inform B.be informed C.to be informed D.informed
11.A.entertain B.encourage C.educate D.edit
12.A.on B.through C.with D.of
13.A.forms B.existence C.contents D.purpose
14.A.tries to cover B.manages to coverC.fails to cover D.succeeds in
15.A.source B.origin C.course D.finance
16.A.way B.means C.chance D.success
17.A.measures B.measured C.Is measured D.was measured
18.A.somewhat B.little C.much D.something
19.A.offering B.offered C.which offered D.to be offered
20.A.by B.with C.at D.about

　Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 45 per cent of reptile (爬行動物) species and 24 per cent of butterflies are in danger or dying out.
　　European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and natural resources division of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council’s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.
　　“No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction,” he went on. The shortsighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future.
　　“We forget that they are the guarantee (保證) of life systems, on which any built-up area depends,” Dr Baum went on. “We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land.”
59. Recent studies by the Council of Europe have declared that ____ .
　A. wildlife needs more protection only in Britain
　B. all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out
　C. there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhere
　D. many species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting
60. Why did Dr Baum come to a British national park?
　A. Because he needed to present it with a council's diploma.
　B. Because he was concerned about its management.
　C. Because it was the only national park of its kind in Europe.
　D. Because it was the only park that had ever received a diploma from the council.
61. The last sentence in the second paragraph implies that ____ .
　A. people should make every effort to create more environment areas
　B. people would go on protecting national parks
　C. certain areas of the countryside should be left intact (完整的)
　D. people would defend the right to develop the areas around national parks
62.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
　A. We have developed industry at the expense of countryside.
　B. We have forgotten what our original countryside looked like.
　C. People living on islands should protect natural resources for their survival.
　D. We should destroy all the built-up areas.

Three years ago, five parrots were set free in a wild place of Arizona, thousands of miles from the Channel Islands in Jersey where they had been looked after by zookeepers. No evolutionary strategies informed them how to behave in this new landscape of mountainous pine forest unoccupied by their kind for 50 years. To the researchers’ surprise, they failed to make contact with a group of wild parrots imported from Mexico and set free at the same time. Within 24 hours the reintroducing ended in failure, and the poor birds were back in cages, on their way to the safety of the Arizona reintroduction programme.
Ever since then, the programme has enjoyed great success, mainly because the birds now being set free are Mexican birds illegally caught in the wild, confiscated （沒收） on arrival north of the border, and raised by their parents in the safety of the programme. The experience shows how little we know about the behaviour and psychology （心理） of parrots, as Peter Bennett, a bird researcher, points out: “Reintroducing species of high intelligence like parrots is a lot more difficult. People like parrots, always treating them as nothing more than pets or valuable ‘collectables’.”
Now that many species of parrot are in immediate danger of dying out, biologists are working together to study the natural history and the behaviour of this family of birds. Last year was an important turning point: conservationists founded the World Parrot Trust, based at Hayle in Cornwall, to support research into both wild and caged birds.
Research on parrots is vital for two reasons. First, as the Arizona programme showed, when reintroducing parrots to the wild, we need to be aware of what the birds must know if they are to survive in their natural home. We also need to learn more about the needs of parrots kept as pets, particularly as the Trust’s campaign does not attempt to discourage the practice, but rather urges people who buy parrots as pets to choose birds raised by humans.
小題1:What do we know about the area where the five parrots were reintroduced?

A．Its landscape is new to parrots of their kind.

B．It used to be home to parrots of their kind.

C．It is close to where they had been kept.

D．Pine trees were planted to attract birds.

小題2:The reintroducing experience three years ago shows that man-raised parrots

A．can find their way back home in Jersey

B．are unable to recognize their parents

C．are unable to adapt to the wild

D．can produce a new species

小題3:Why are researches on parrots important according to the passage?

A．The Trust shows great concern for the programme.

B．We need to know more about how to preserve parrots.

C．Many people are interested in collecting parrots.

D．Parrots’ intelligence may some day benefit people.

小題4:According to the passage, people are advised ______.

A．to treat wild and caged parrots equally

B．to set up comfortable homes for parrots

C．not to keep wild parrots as pets

D．not to let more parrots go to the wild