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Vegetable gardening is the relaxing art and science of turning a love for growing plants into a worthwhile activity.
Vegetable gardeners agree that many home-grown vegetables picked at their best are superior to those vegetables purchased from markets. From spring through late fall, a well-planned and well-kept garden can prove a supply of fresh vegetables, thus increasing the nutrition of the family diet. Freezers make it possible to keep some of the vegetables to be enjoyed at a later date. Other vegetables can be stored for a few months in a cool area.
Having vegetables in the backyard makes home gardening appealing(吸收人的) for many people. In addition, vegetable gardening provides exercise and fun for both urban and suburban families.
Although the money spent for a garden may be little, one cannot escape the fact that gardening requires hard work and time. Many of the gardening tasks must be performed at times that are most inconvenient. Not doing jobs that should be done on a regular basis may result in failure and a negative feeling toward gardening.
One should not plant a garden that is too large for him to care for. A small, well-kept garden is more enjoyable and profitable than a large neglected one. Vegetables do well in full sunlight and need at least five or six hours of sun during the middle of the day. Too much shading results in poor plants and few vegetables. If possible, the garden should be near the house so the gardener can work in it at odd moments.
Soils for vegetables should be easily broken up and porous(能滲透的) for quick water drainage and good aeration(透氣). A deep, fine, sandy good quality soil is best.
Usually the hoe owner has little choice in the soil type he can choose. Fortunately, many vegetables can be grown on poor soils if the soils are properly prepared.
小題1:Home-grown vegetables ___________.

A．can remain standing for a long time and need not be picked immediately.

B．have to be eaten as soon as they are picked

C．sell well in the market because of their good quality

D．picked at the right moment are more nutritious than those bought from the market.

小題2:Vegetables gardening is appealing for many people because ___________.

A．it requires little money

B．it is enjoyable and profitable

C．they can work in the vegetable garden at odd moments

D．it provides vegetables for the family all the year round.

小題3:The author suggests that an ideal vegetable garden ___________.

A．should be sunny	B．should be within walking distance
C．should be large-sized	D．should consist of sandy soil

小題4:Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A．Vegetable Gardening, an Escape from Boredom

B．An Ideal Vegetable Garden

C．Vegetable Gardening, a Worthwhile Activity

D．The Best Soil for Growing Vegetables

Speakers of different languages not only describe the world differently but think about it differently too, according to a new study.
Researchers used a cartoon cat Sylvester to study how language was reflected (反映) in the gestures people made. Dr. Sotaro Kita of the University of Bristol’s Department of Experimental Psychology (心理學(xué)), showed the cartoon to a group of native English, Japanese and Turkish speakers and then watched their gestures as they described the actions they had seen. He found speakers of the three different languages used different gestures to describe the same event, which appeared to reflect the way the structure of their languages expressed that event. For example, when describing a scene where the cat swings on a rope, the English speakers used gestures showing an arc trajectory (弧形軌跡)  and the Japanese and Turkish speakers tended to use straight gestures showing the motion but not the arc.
Dr. Kita suggests this is because Japanese and Turkish have no proper verb to express the English meaning “to swing”. While English speakers use the arc gesture as their language can readily express the change of location and the arc-shaped trajectory, Japanese and Turkish speakers cannot as easily express the idea of movement with an arc trajectory so they use the straight gesture.
Dr. Kita said, “My research suggests that speakers of different languages cause different spatial (空間的) images of the same event in a way that matches the expressive possibilities of their own languages. In other words, language influences (影響) spatial thinking at the moment of speaking.”
68. 小題1:Researchers watched the gestures the people made because they wanted to know _____.

A．how language was reflected

B．whether they could express the same idea

C．whether they could describe what they had seen

D．how the structure of language changed

69. 小題2:After watching the gestures of speakers of the three different languages, Dr. Kita concluded that _____.

A．Japanese and Turkish people couldn’t express the meaning of “swing”

B．English was obviously better than Japanese and Turkish

C．no word in Japanese and Turkish could express some ideas of English

D．every language had its own special way to describe things

70.小題3:What is mainly discussed in the text?

A．Differences between languages.

B．Differences between gestures.

C．How people use different gestures to express the same event.

D．That language influences the way people think.

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36—55各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
I was coaching girls’ track in Iowa and there was a young discus（鐵餅）thrower on the team with  36  potential（潛力）. Here goes her story.
At the end of our training   37  the district track meet, this discus thrower, Lucy, asked me if she   38  come to the school on Sunday for a little   39  training. I agreed. The year before, she had placed second at the district meet and   40  missed going to the state meet. She had won every discus event,   41  that district meet! And, her throws in the competitions had   42  been between 106’1” and 110’10”.
Something began to   43  me. Why couldn't Lucy   44  to get the discus to 111 feet? I wondered if it was more a psychological barrier（心理的障礙）  45  a physical one. I decided to try something   46 . I made up my mind to   47  to Lucy.
On Sunday, after her drills, I said, “Why don’t you throw five or six good ones for me to  48 ?” She began to throw again, but   49  were farther than what she had already thrown. But, I didn’t tell Lucy. As I was measuring the   50  one, I pulled out some more tape (量尺) and yelled out to her, “ Come to see this! This one is  51 ! ” It wasn’t. Lucy, thinking that this was a personal best, jumped wildly into the air in  52  .
The next afternoon, at the district meet, Lucy   53  with a personal best throw of 114’10”! Just 24 hours after I had lied to her. However, this time she had   54  thrown the discus four feet further than she had ever thrown it before.
Sometimes we   55  our own barriers in our mind. So learn to take control of your mind.
21．A. little          B. great           C. no              D. limited
22．A. after           B. during          C. since           D. before
23．A. could           B. must           C. should         D. would
24．A. helpful        B. extra          C. real           D. regular
25．A. luckily         B. completely     C. narrowly        D. probably
26．A. except         B. including      C. despite        D. with
27．A sometimes       B. always         C. never          D. seldom
28．A. frighten       B. please         C. shock          D. bother
29．A. seem           B. pretend        C. need           D. ask
30．A. apart from     B. rather than    C. because of      D. according to
31．A. impossible     B. familiar       C. new             D. easy
32．A. lie            B. turn           C. reply          D. call
33．A. look           B. measure        C. match          D. take
34．A. many           B. all            C. some           D. none 
35．A. worst          B. closest        C. first          D. final
36．A. higher         B. farther        C. bigger         D. longer
37．A. excitement     B. anxiety        C. puzzlement     D. anger
38．A. disappeared    B. lost           C. won            D. arrived
39．A. actually        B. hardly         C. nearly          D. only
40．A. break          B. remove         C. take           D. set

Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.
This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over the next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.
This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.
Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone（臭氧） levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.
“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in the amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicted, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.
小題1:According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may __________.

A．result in a warming climate

B．cause the forest fires to occur more frequently

C．lead to a longer fire season

D．protect the forests and the environment there

小題2:The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT __________.

A．large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere

B．the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase

C．snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space

D．a(chǎn)shes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun

小題3:Earlier studies about northern forest fires __________.

A．a(chǎn)nalyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate

B．indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphere

C．suggest that people should take measures to protect environment

D．suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming

小題4:The underlined phrase “soak up” in the last paragraph most probably means __________.

A．released

B．a(chǎn)bsorbed

C．created

D．distributed

小題5:From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may __________.

A．warm the climate as the supposition goes

B．a(chǎn)llow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climate

C．destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea ice

D．help to gain more energy rather than release more energy

Sorry to say, our brains naturally start slowing down at the Cruelty young age of 30. It used to be thought that this couldn't be helped, but new studies show that people of any age can train their brains to work faster. "Your brain is a learning machine," says University of California scientist Dr. Michael Merzenich. Given the right tools, we can train our brains to act like they did when we were younger. All that's required is the practice designed just for the purpose: a few exercises for the mind.
Merzenich has developed a computer-based training method to speed up the process(過(guò)程)                         in which the brain deals with information (positscience.com). Since much of the data we receive comes through speech, the Brain Fitness Program works with language and hearing to better speed and accuracy (準(zhǔn)確性).
Over the course of training, the program starts asking you to distinguish (辨別) sounds (between "dog" and "bog", for example) at an increasingly faster speed. It's a bit like tennis instructor, says Merzenich, hitting balls at you ~faster and faster to keep you challenged(受到挑戰(zhàn)). You may start out slow, but before long you're pretty quick.
The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn. And it may even speed up while in the process.
To keep your brain young and plastic you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you: playing table tennis or bridge, doing crossword puzzles, learning a language.... "When it comes to preventing ageing, you really do 'use it or lose it' ," says Barbara Sahakian, professor at Cambridge University.
小題1:Dr. Merzenich’s training method mainly depends on ________.

A．speech training	B．computer languages
C．the activities one joins in	D．the information being dealt with

小題2: By saying "the brain at any age is highly plastic ", the writer probably means the brain can be______.

A．used

B．mastered

C．developed

D．researched

小題3:What can we learn from the text?

A．Practice makes a quick mind.

B．Brain research started ten yeas ago.

C．Dr. Merzenich is a scientist in computer,

D．People believed nothing could stop the brain slowing down.

小題4: Which of the following agrees with the writer's idea?

A．The training methods work better for the old.

B．People should use the brain to stop it from ageing.

C．The training of the brain should start at an early age.

D． It's necessary to take part in as many activities as possible.

People turn to magic(魔力)chiefly as a form of insurance--that is, they use it along with actions that actually bring results. For example, hunters may use a hunting charm(咒語(yǔ)). But they also use their hunting skills and knowledge of animals. The charm may give hunters the extra confidence they need to hunt even more successfully than they would without it. If they shoot a lot of game(獵物), they credit the charm for their success. Many events happen naturally without magic. Crops grow without it, and sick people get well without it. But if people use magic to bring a good harvest or to cure a patient, they may believe the magic was responsible. 
People also tend to forget magic's failures and to be impressed by its surface successes. They may consider magic successful if it appears to work only 10 per cent of the time. Even when magic fails, people often explain the failure without doubting the power of the magic. They may say that the magician made a mistake in reciting the spell or that another magician cast a more powerful spell against the magician.
Many anthropologists(人類學(xué)家) believe that people have faith in magic because they feel a need to believe in it. People may turn to magic to reduce their fear and uncertainty if they feel they have no control over the outcome of a situation. For example, farmers use knowledge and skill when they plant their fields. But they know that weather, insects, or diseases might ruin the crops. So farmers in some societies may also plant a charm or perform a magic rite to ensure a good harvest.
小題1:From the passage, we can learn that the writer of the passage may be _______.

A．a(chǎn) hunter

B．a(chǎn) farmer

C．a(chǎn) magician

D．a(chǎn)n anthropologist

小題2:Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

A．Magic and Hunting.	B．Magic and Farming.
C．Why Magic Works?	D．Why People Believe in Magic?

小題3:The underlined word “spell”(Paragraph 2) most likely means______.

A．magic words.

B．magic events.

C．words or expressions

D．magicians.

How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings
Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical（經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，實(shí)證的） basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused and lead to relaxation.
Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room's ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.
In additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.
Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off  academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent study on room lighting design suggests than dim（暗淡的） light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.
So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we're almost looking at the problem through a straw（吸管）," architect David Allison says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That's what we're all struggling with."
小題1:What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research?

A．Light.

B．Ceilings.

C．Windows.

D．Furniture.

小題2:The passage tells us that ______.

A．the shape of furniture may affect people's feelings

B．lower ceilings may help improve students' creativity

C．children in a dim classroom may improve their grades

D．students in rooms with unblocked views may feel relaxed

小題3:The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that ______.

A．the problem is not approached step by step

B．the researches so far have faults in themselves

C．the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect

D．research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns

小題4:Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?
CP: Central Point    P: Point   SP: Sub-point（次要點(diǎn)）   C: Conclusion

In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary.First, there are those words 1 which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we 2 ,that is to say, from the 3 of our own family and from our familiar associates, and 4 we should know and use 5 we could not read or write.They 6 the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who 7 the language.Such words may be called“popular”, since they belong to the people 8 and are not the exclusive 9 of a limited class.On the other hand, our language 10 a multitude of words which are comparatively 11 used in ordinary conversation.Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little 12 to use them at home or in the market-place.Our 13 acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's 14 or from the talk of our school-mates, 15 from books that we read, lectures that we 16 ,or the more 17 conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular 18 in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual 19 of everyday life.Such words are called“l(fā)earned”, and the 20 between them and the“popular”words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.
1.A.at B.with C.by D.through
2.A.study B.imitate C.stimulate D.learn
3.A.mates B.relatives C.members D.fellows
4.A.which B.that C.those D.ones
5.A.even B.despite C.even if D.in spite of
　6.A.mind B.concern C.care D.involve
7.A.hire B.apply C.adopt D.use
8.A.in public B.at most C.at large D.at best
9.A.right B.privilege C.share D.possession
10.A.consists B.comprises C.constitutes D.composes
11.A.seldom B.much C.never D.often
12.A.prospect B.way C.reason D.necessity
13.A.primary B.first C.principal D.prior
14.A.tips B.mouth C.lips D.tongue
15.A.besides B.and C.or D.but
16.A.hear of B.attend C.hear from D.listen
17.A.former B.formula C.formal D.formative
18.A.theme B.topic C.idea D.point
19.A.border B.link C.degree D.extent
20.A.diversion B.distinction C.diversity D.similarity

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool.Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind?s future 3 and cultural growth increased.
　　Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language.They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood.Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.
Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades.Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.
16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum.Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings isnecessary for proper language development.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities.These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them.Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1.A.generated B.evolved C.born D.originated
2.A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite
3.A.attainments B.feasibilityC.entertainments D.evolution
4.A.essential B.available C.reliable D.responsible
5.A.confirm B.inform C.claim D.convince
6.A.for B.from C.of D.with
7.A.organizations B.organisms C.humans D.children
8.A.potential B.performance C.preference D.passion
9.A.as B.just as C.like D.unlike
10.A.ideological B.biological C.social D.psychological
11.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation
12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed D.In other words
13.A.various B.different C.the higher D.the lower
14.A.revealed B.exposed C.engaged D.involved
15.A.regulations B.formations C.rules D.constitutions
16.A.Although B.Whether C.Since D.When
17.A.distinguished B.different C.protected D.isolated
18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast  D.interaction
19.A.acquisition B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative
20.A.As a result B.After all C.In other words D.Above all

　　Trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him with wood and other products, they give him shade, and they help to prevent drought and floods.
　　Unfortunately, in many parts of the world man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had.
　　Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the country found itself faced by floods and starvation.
　　Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this. The villager wants wood to cook his food with, and he can earn money by making charcoal or selling wood to the townsman. He is usually too lazy or too careless to plant and look after trees. So unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear.
　　This does not only mean that the villagers? sons and grandsons have fewer trees. The results are even more serious. For where there are trees their roots break the soil up—allowing the rain to sink in and also hold the soil, thus preventing it being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor. The rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, causing floods and carrying away with it the rich topsoil, in which crops grow so well. When all the topsoil is gone, nothing remains but a worthless desert.
63. The purpose that the writer wrote this article for is ____ .
　A. to tell people that trees are very useful to man
　B. to warn people not to cut down trees any more
　C. to warn that man mustn't destroy forests any more
　D. to explain how trees help to prevent drought and floods
64. In the writer's opinion, ____ , or the forests slowly disappear.
　A. measure must be taken                      B. people shouldn't draw benefit from the tree
　C. government must realize the serious results      D. unless trees never be cut down
65. According to the article we know it is ____ to prevent the forests from slowly disappearing.
　A. necessary but impossible                    B. necessary but difficult
　C. impossible and unimportant                  D. difficult and impossible
66. In the last two paragraphs the writer wanted to make it clear that ____ .
　A. where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor
　B. where there are many trees, there are fewer floods
　C. where there are no trees, the land might become desert slowly
　D. floods will make the land become desert