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What is the relationship between violence and sports? Psychologists say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events. One is alcohol. Many fans drink a lot at games. When people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things. Psychologist Dennis Brock says, “Quiet people become loud. Normally nonviolent people become destructive． ”
David Sampson, a sports sociologist, says, “These are often celebratory riots— a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol. They don’t often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly． ”
Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd. When individuals are in a large group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility. Edward Hirt, a social Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never do alone. People in crowds feel anonymous — no one knows who they are. Crowds also make people feel powerful. They stop making personal decisions. They just follow the crowd. Social psychologists call this a “mob mentality．”
Dave Zarifis, head of public safety says, “Some people don’t even come to celebrate. They want to drink hard and make trouble. Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there. You get a mob mentality. People think it’s OK to do almost anything. They think, ‘There are so many of us and not enough of them． ’ ”
Social psychologist Dr. Sharon Kennedy says that there are some things officials can do to prevent violence. Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important. Officials should also think of games as “big parties．” Then they will prepare differently. Kennedy says that in Great Britain they are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums. “When you know someone is watching, you are much less likely to behave badly． ”
小題1:Which of the following best gives the main idea of the first two paragraphs? 

A．There’s a connection between violence and sports

B．One cause of violence at sports events is alcohol．

C．There are many reasons for violence at sports events．

D．David Sampson and Dennis Brock have the same opinion．

小題2:Which of the following does NOT belong to a “mob mentality”?

A．“I must drink some alcohol to stop myself feeling shy． ”

B．“ It’s safe to do what many people are doing． ”

C．“There are so many of us and not enough of them． ”

D．“ No one knows I’m doing this． ”

小題3:How many experts are quoted by the writer of this passage?

A．Two．

B．Four．

C．Three．

D．Five．

小題4:The last paragraph is mainly about ______．

A．how to turn games into big parties

B．why to install cameras in stadiums

C．how to prevent violence at sports events

D．how to avoid oneself behaving badly

小題5:What lesson can we learn from this passage?

A．Never drink any alcohol no matter where you are．

B．Whenever you are watching a game, you should keep quiet．

C．Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing something．

D．Be careful when you are at a stadium because there are cameras there．

Two thieves came to a house to steal something. They dug a hole in the wall of the house.
　　There lived many mice in the house. The woman in the moonlight saw a mouse crawl(爬行) into the house. “Look! In comes one,” she said to the man in the house. The thief was so frightened that he hurriedly crawled out of the house and said to the one waiting outside, “She found me when I was just in.” But the thief outside didn’t believe him, so he said, “Let us try to crawl into the house together.” At that time two mice happened to crawl into the house, too. The woman saw the mice and shouted, “In come two, catch them!” The two thieves were terribly frightened. The man in the house said, “You saw them come in but where are they? I will catch them tonight.” The two thieves started running away at once.
　　The two thieves wanted to make it clear whether they had been found or not the night before. The next day they acted as men selling sweet potatoes and came before the house. The man and the woman were ploughing in their fields. The rope broke and the woman came home for a rope. She saw two men selling sweet potatoes and wanted to buy some. She picked out two which looked like mice. At the time the man couldn’t wait for her any longer in the fields and he ran back from the fields to hurry her up. The woman showed the sweet potatoes to the man and said, “How they look like the two of last night.” The man said, “I asked you to fetch a rope, why don’t you hurry for it?” The two thieves ran away very quickly without their sweet potatoes.
小題1:The two thieves failed to steal anything from the house because _____.

A．they were found out

B．they were frightened by what they had heard in the house

C．they didn’t work together well with each other

D．mice stopped them from doing so

小題2:From the last paragraph, we know that _____.

A．the two thieves were famous selling sweet potatoes

B．the woman recognized the two thieves

C．the woman pretended to know nothing about the two thieves and made fun of them

D．the two thieves didn’t know that they were not found at all

小題3:When the woman said, “How they look like the two of last night,” _____.

A．she referred to the two thieves	B．she meant nothing
C．she said it on purpose	D．she referred to the mice

小題4:The best title for the passage may be ____.

A．Two Clever Thieves	B．Terrible Mice
C．Hit the Mark by a Fluke	D．A Clever Couple

You may know the English letters A, B and C. But do you know there are people called ABC? You may like eating bananas. But did you know there is a “banana person”? How strange! Are these people from “another Earth”? No. They are just Chinese people like you and me.
ABC means American-Born Chinese. An ABC is a Chinese, but was born in the United States. Sometimes, people call an ABC a “banana person”. A banana is yellow outside and white inside. So, when a person is a banana, he or she is white inside—thinking like a Westerner and yellow outside—looking like a Chinese.
Do you know why? Usually, ABCs know little about China or the Chinese language. Some of them don’t speak Chinese.
But if ABCs cannot speak Chinese, can we still call them Chinese people? Yes, of course. They are Chinese. They are overseas (海外) Chinese. These people may be citizens(公民) of another country like the US, Canada or Singapore. But they have Chinese blood. Their parents, grandparents or even great-grandparents were from China. They all have black eyes and black hair.
But they are not Chinese citizens. They are not the people of the People’s Republic of China. For example, we all know the famous scientist  C.N. Yang(楊振寧). He got the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1957. The Chinese love him, but he is an American citizen.
小題1:What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

A．He wants to tell us something about “ABC”.

B．He wants to show that Chinese are well respected in America.

C．He wants to tell us some knowledge about the English language.

D．He wants to introduce the American culture to us.

小題2: Chinese in Western countries are called “banana persons” because ____.

A．their bodies are white inside but yellow outside

B．they think like Westerners but look like Chinese

C．they were born in China but go to study in America

D．they like to eat bananas

小題3:C.N. Yang is mentioned here to show that ____.
A. American Chinese are great.        B. we love American Chinese
C. The Chinese can win Nobel Prizes   D. American Chinese are not Chinese citizens

There are many famous writers in the English world, among whom Jane Austen  (1775—1817) has been popular with all ages. But then Jane Austen wrote her novels in England, she was writing about a world that most of us would not recognize.
But today Austen’s books are in greater demand than ever. In the last ten years, five of the six novels have been made into Hollywood films, while her books continue to be bestsellers. So why is Austen still popular?
Richard Jenkyns, a professor of English at Oxford University, argues that her novels still appeal to people because they focus on issues that are as relevant today as they were when she wrote them. Her novels are about women trying to find a perfect husband, but also explore issues surrounding marriage, friendship and the family. “The plots are fairly timeless stories about human interaction which are familiar to us,” Jenkyns says.
The most famous book Austen wrote is Pride and Prejudice, a love story between Elizabeth Bennett and Mr. Darcy. At first the two characters do not get on. They finally fall in love, but still have to overcome opposition (反對) to their relationship from their families.
All of Austen’s books are easy to read, making them popular with children and adults, but they work on different levels so people can take what they need from them, author Kate Henry says.
Austen is often praised as the greatest romance writer in the English language, so it is surprising she remained unmarried. “Maybe she was too much of a romantic, waiting for a perfect man,” Henry says.
小題1:Which of the following can NOT explain why Austen is still popular?

A．Her novels are all about love and marriage.

B．Her novels still make sense to today’s people.

C．All her novels are easy to read.

D．Her novels benefit people of different reading levels.

小題2: The underlined word “relevant” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.

A．strange

B．related

C．funny

D．unimportant

小題3:According to Henry, Austen remained unmarried because ______.

A．she was used to the life of being single

B．the perfect man didn’t appears in her life

C．she was too busy to think of marriage

D．she was afraid of marriage

小題4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．More and more people like reading Austen’s novels.

B．Austen died when she was 42 years old.

C．Pride and Prejudice is a novel about love.

D．Austen is often regarded as the greatest writer in the English language.

Animals are more like us than we ever imagined．They feel pain, they experience stress, they show affection, excitement and love．All these findings have been made by scientists in recent years---and such results are beginning to change how we view animals.
Strangely enough, some of this research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC．Pressured by animal rights groups , these companies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals.
McDonald’s, for instance, funded studies on pig behavior at Purdue University, Indiana．This research found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with each other．If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill．Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2010．In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting
Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans．Koko, the 300-pound gorilla at the Gorilla Foundation in Northern California, for instance, has been taught sign language．Koko can now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second language．On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95.
Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom．Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness．Studies have also shown that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.
These striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: “If you believe in evolution, how can’t you believe that animals have feelings that human  beings have?”
Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically-programmed activity．But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case．In fact, learning is passed from parent to offspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.
So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this, should we ban hunting and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and politicians．Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights．Germany meanwhile, recently guaranteed animal rights in its constitution---the first country to do so.
小題1:McDonald’s and KFC give money to support scientist to do research on animals, because_____

A．they are international big companies.

B．they love animals.

C．they are pressured by animal right groups.

D．they earn a large amount of money and want to do some good deeds.

小題2:The research on pigs at Purdue University shows that______

A．pigs love being alone.

B．pigs easily become physically ill.

C．pigs need affection.

D．pigs don’t like to play with each other.

小題3:Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．Animals behave by instinct.

B．Animals have self-awareness.

C．Animals have feelings and love.

D．Animals do not have language skills.

小題4:Should we ban hunting and animal testing?

A．Yes.

B．No

C．Not certain

D．Not mentioned

閱讀下面短文，從A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在機(jī)讀卡上相應(yīng)番號處將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
June 5 is World Environment Day. This makes us pay more attention to our environment and the need to protect it.
When Wang Boxuan, a Beijing high schoolboy, uses up his exercise books, he does not throw them away. Each one is stored at his school with hundreds of exercise books given by other students. Then they are sold to a Beijing paper making factory.
The paper is recycled and used again by students and teachers in the school. At the same time, the money made from the sales goes towards schools in Inner Mongolia for planting trees and grass. This place is one of the sources of the sandstorms that often attack Beijing during springtime.
Wang’s school is one of the schools in the capital that take part in the “Green Promise” —environmental protection activity. So far, nearly 210,000 students have taken part in the activity, collecting more than 87 tons of waste paper.
Students are eager to help make the capital a more pleasant place.
小題1: What do Wang Boxuan and his schoolmates do with the waste exercise books?

A．Throw them away.	B．Store and sell them.
C．Cut them into pieces.	D．Give them to the students in Inner Mongolia.

小題2: What is the money used for?　　

A．Buying new exercise books.	B．Helping poor students.
C．Planting trees and grass.	D．Being stored.

小題3:What can we infer from the third paragraph？　

A．Students will have no exercise books to use in many years.

B．There will be no waste paper in many years.

C．The sandstorms will be weaker in Beijing in many years.

D．Beijing will be much dirtier in many years.

小題4:Choose the right order according to this passage?
1     Trees and grass were planted.
2     Schools in Inner Mongolia received the money.
3     Students collected waste paper.
4     Students sold the paper to a paper making factory.

A．③②④①

B．②①④③

C．③④②①

D．③②①④

小題5: Which is the best title for the passage?

A．Planting Trees.	B．Green Promise.
C．Collecting Waste Paper.	D．Making Money.

閱讀下面短文，從A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在機(jī)讀卡上相應(yīng)番號處將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
People who show confidence really seem to have it made. They seize more rewarding careers, keep good relationships, and just seem to do everything with more styles than the rest of us.
So what is the secret? There isn’t one. Self-confidence is a skill and habit that anyone can learn to develop. And although people who are raised in an encouraging environment with confident role models have a hard start in self-confidence development, we all can learn to become more confident at any age.
Try these simple tips for practicing and increasing your self-confidence levels:
Dare to fail. Anybody who’s out there bravely performing is going to fail repeatedly. If you are not failing, you are not trying. So don’t take failure too hard or too personally. Just learn to deal with it and use its lessons to keep improving.
When in doubt, pretend you know what you are doing. Because, if you are confident of your abilities, by the time you have done it, you will be experienced.
Dress for success. You don’t have to be beautiful to be confident. Make the most of your own unique physical characters and weaken your disadvantages.
Listen to yourself. You are the only person who knows what’s right for you. Don’t put others’ opinions above your own inner voice.
Build a confident vocabulary. Stop putting yourself down and give up continually blaming your tiny weaknesses. Learn to show up your strong points and the world will learn to see and celebrate them with you.
Pass on the praise. Praise others for their virtues and strengths. This practice will not decrease your confidence, but help increase it.
小題1: The passage is written mainly __________.

A．to explain the definition of self-confidence

B．to explain the secret of self-confidence

C．to tell people how important self-confidence is

D．to tell people how to build self-confidence

小題2:The underlined word “one” in the second paragraph refers to __________.

A．the secret of self-confidence

B．the skill of self-confidence

C．the style of doing things

D．a(chǎn) rewarding career

小題3:The main idea of the sixth paragraph is __________.

A．to be confident means to have no disadvantages

B．taking full advantage of your physical characters will help you be confident

C．your unique characters will help you be confident and be successful

D．to be confident means to be beautiful

小題4:All the following are tips to increase your self-confidence level EXCEPT_________.

A．not to be afraid of failure

B．dress yourself properly

C．pretend to know everything

D．make your advantages more obvious

小題5:__________ will weaken your self-confidence.

A．Praising others for their strong points

B．Always following others’ advice to do things

C．Giving up blaming your weaknesses

D．Believing in yourself

Researchers believe that the insect(昆蟲) is better at managing congestion (擁擠) than humans. Ants are the most many type of animal on earth with brains that contain about 250,000 cells ---- the largest among insects.
Now an intelligence expert Dr. Dirk Helbing says understanding more about ants could help solve one of the headaches of modern life -- road congestion.
His team set up an "ant motorway" with two routes of different widths from the nest to some sugar syrup (糖漿). Soon the narrower（更窄的） route soon became crowded（擁擠的）. But when an ant returning along the crowded route to the nest met with another ant just starting out, the returning ant pushed the newcomer onto the other path. However, if the returning ant had enjoyed a trouble-free journey, it did not send the newcomer in a different direction.
The result was that just before one route became clogged , the ants had turned to another route and traffic jams never formed.
The researchers also created a computer model of more complex ant networks with routes of different lengths. The team found that even though ants being sent in another direction sometimes took a longer route, they still got to the food quickly and efficiently.
Dr. Helbing, of the Dresden University of Technology in Germany, said that while you cannot allow cars to meet with traffic coming in the opposite（相反的）direction as a form of traffic control, you could do the next best thing and allow them to communicate.
His plan is to force cars traveling in one direction to tell oncoming traffic what the conditions they are about to meet with-- so they can avoid that situation if necessary.
小題1:The first paragraph suggests that _______.

A．a(chǎn)nts have a special way to manage congestion

B．a(chǎn)nts are clever and good at dealing with the traffic jams because of developed brain

C．insects are similar to animals in dealing with the traffic jams because of developed brain

D．insects have more advantages than humans

小題2: The underlined word "clogged" can be replaced by _______ in the following four words.

A．cleaned

B．narrowed

C．crowded

D．shortened

小題3:If an ant returns along crowded route to the nest, how does the ant solve the traffic problem?

A．The ant will change the direction of its own.

B．The ant stopped the newcomer from moving ahead and forced the newcomer to wait there patiently.

C．The ant can't direct the newcomer.

D．The ant will push the newcomer to the other route, so traffic jams won't form.

小題4: What's the advice that Dr. Helbing gives us?

A．The cars cannot be allowed to communicate with traffic coming in the opposite direction.

B．The cars can communicate with traffic in the same direction.

C．The cars that travel in one direction can tell oncoming traffic about the traffic conditions.

D．We should build more routes of different lengths and widths.

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have ever taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority (優(yōu)先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities (復(fù)雜性) of spelling.
If spelling becomes the only focal (焦點(diǎn)的) point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is terrible.” It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (動機(jī)) to seek improvement.
小題1:Teachers are different in their opinions about _________.

A．the difficulties in teaching spelling

B．the role of spelling in general language development

C．the complexities of the basic writing skills

D．the necessity of teaching spelling

小題2: The underlined expression “play safe” probably means ________.

A．to write carefully	B．to do as teachers say
C．to use dictionaries frequently	D．to avoid using words one is not sure of

小題3:Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that ____________.

A．students will be able to express their ideas more freely

B．students will have more confidence in writing

C．students will have less trouble in correcting mistakes

D．students will learn to be independent of teachers

小題4:The author seems to think that the teacher’s judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is __________.

A．unfair

B．reasonable

C．foolish

D．careless

小題5:The major point discussed in the passage is ___________.

A．the importance of developing writing skills

B．the complexities of spelling

C．the correct way of marking compositions

D．the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition

Astronauts aboard the space station celebrated a space first on Wednesday by drinking water that had been recycled from their urine(尿), sweat and water got from air. They said "cheers," clicked drinking bags and toasted NASA workers on the ground.
The urine recycling system is needed for astronaut stations on the moon and Mars. It also will have NASA money because it won’t have to ship up as much water to the station by space shuttles or cargo rockets. Besides, it’s important as the space station is about to expand from three people living on board to six.
The recycling system had been brought up to the space station last November by space shuttles Endeavour, but it couldn’t be used until samples(樣品) were tested back on earth. So when it came time to actually drink up, NASA made a big deal of it. The three-man crew stood holding their drinks and congratulated engineers in two NASA centres that worked on the system.
“This is something that had been the stuff of science fiction,” American astronaut Michael Barratt said before taking a small mouthful. “The taste is worth trying.”
The new system takes the combined urine of the crew from the toilet, moves it to a big tank, where the water is boiled off, and the vapor(水蒸氣) is collected. The rest of the urine is thrown away. Then the water vapor is mixed with water from air, and then it goes through filters (過濾器). When six crew members are aboard it can make about six gallons from urine in about six hours.
“Some people may find the idea of drinking recycled urine distasteful, but it is also done on earth, but with a lot longer time between urine and the tap,” said Marybeth Edeen, the space station’s national lab manager.
The technology NASA developed for this system has already been used for quick water purification after the 2004 Asian tsunami.
小題1: According to the text, the recycling system is important because ___________.

A．it makes traveling to the moon for the average person possible

B．with it NASA won’t need to ship any water up the space station

C．it can help meet the need for more water after the crew is expanded

D．it protects the environment in space by reducing the amount of waste

小題2:What’s the RIGHT time order of the following events?
a. The samples of the recycled water were tested on earth.
b. Astronauts celebrated the space first of making water from urine
c. The recycling system was brought up to the space station.
d. The technology for the system was used to quickly purify water.

A．a(chǎn), d, c, b

B．a(chǎn), c, b, d

C．d, a, c, b

D．d, c, a, b

小題3:From Para. 5 we can know ____________.

A．the theory behind the recycling system	B．the effect of the recycling system
C．the process of recycling urine	D．a(chǎn)n opinion on recycling urine

小題4:What did Edeen say about recycled urine and the recycling system?

A．The taste of recycled urine is not as good as that of common water.

B．The recycling system has made a science fiction story come true.

C．The idea of drinking recycled urine makes astronauts feel unpleasant.

D．It takes a longer time on earth to make water from urine than in space.

小題5:What is the best title for the passage?

A．The Research of NASA Has Made Great Progress.

B．New Technology Is Used in the Space Station.

C．Drink up: Space Station Recycles Urine to Water.

D．Good News: Water Recycled from Urine Tastes Good