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Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine（可可堿）, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines are stopping coughs.
The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin needed to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they needed only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity(神經(jīng)活動), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
小題1:According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.

A．cannot be as effective as codeine

B．can be harmful to people’s health

C．cannot be separated from chocolate

D．can be a more effective cure for coughs

小題2:What was used in the experiment to cause coughing?

A．Theobromine.

B．Codeine.

C．Capsaicin.

D．Placebo.

小題3:We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _____.

A．were patients with bad coughs

B．were divided into the three groups

C．received standard treatments

D．suffered little side effects

小題4:Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A．Codeine: A New Medicine

B．Chocolate May Cure Coughs

C．Cough Treatment: A Hard Case

D．Theobromine Can Cause Coughs

Don’t you think your schoolbag is too heavy to bear? The e-schoolbag will free you from the weight.
It is said that e-schoolbags are going to be brought into use in Chinese middle schools soon. An experiment with several hundred e-schoolbags will begin in seven cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Dalian, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang. And the e-schoolbags are going to cover all over China if the experiment proves to be successful. In fact, the e-schoolbag should perhaps be called an e-notebook. It is a small hand-held computer for school students.
Heavy schoolbags have long been a serious problem for school students. The average schoolbag of middle school students weighs up to 5 kilos. But the e-schoolbag will change everything. It is much lighter than a usual schoolbag, weighing under 1 kilo.
Also, it is no bigger than a usual book, but it can still hold all the things for study, such as a textbook, a notebook and exercise book. They could be made into chips that are as small as a stamp. The students can read the text page by page on the screen. They can still take notes using a special electronic pen. If they want to know the meaning or the pronunciation of a new word, or even e-mail their teachers, it’s just a press of a button.
In some foreign countries, it is becoming common. But it is hard to tell when people will receive this new form of study. Some say that e-textbooks can be easily broken, some say that it is not good to students’ eyesight to look at the screen for long.  But only time will tell.
小題1:The e-schoolbag has many functions EXCEPT ________.

A．It can pronounce the words.

B．It can send e-mail.

C．It can be used as a dictionary.

D．It can phone somebody.

小題2:According to the passage, the e-schoolbag ­­­________.

A．is not heavy as before but still large

B．is used as an experiment in Tianjin

C．is made of metal

D．is going to cover China if it proves to be successful

小題3:Which of the following statement is TRUE?

A．All the students in China will be required to use this new schoolbag soon.

B．All the people think highly of e-textbooks.

C．E-notebooks are very convenient to students.

D．We will not make notes because the e-notebook can make all by itself.

小題4:The best title for the passage should be ________.

A．An Experiment In China

B．Please Change Your Schoolbag

C．A New Invention, A New Schoolbag

D．Chips

Common sense would tell us that physically active children may be more likely to become active and healthy adults.
In the United States, elementary and middle schools are advised to give students two and a half hours of physical activity a week. That is what the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association recommend. They say high schools should provide about four hours of physical activity each week.
Yet many schools across the country have reduced their physical education programs. Just this week, a study reported that life expectancy has fallen or is no longer increasing in some parts of the United States. The situation is worst among poor people in the southern states, and especially women. Public health researchers say it is largely the result of increases in fatness, smoking and high blood pressure. They also blame differences in health services around the country.
In 2006, a study found that only four percent of primary schools provided daily physical education all year for all grades. This was true of eight percent of middle schools and two percent of high schools. The study also found that twenty-two percent of all schools did not require students to take any P.E.
Charlene Burgeson , a health expert says one problem for P.E. teachers is that schools are under pressure to put more time into academic subjects. Also, parents may agree that children need exercise in school. Yet many parents today still have bad memories of being chosen last for teams because teachers favored the good athletes in class.
But experts say P.E. classes have changed. They say the goal has moved away from competition and toward personal performance, as a way to build a lifetime of activity. These days, teachers often lead activities like weight training and yoga.
Some parents like the idea of avoiding competitive sports in P.E. class. Yet others surely dislike that idea. In the end, schools may find themselves in a no-win situation.
小題1: The underlined word “expectancy” in Paragraph 3 probably means “       ”                            

A．quality

B．length

C．exception

D．depth

小題2:According to the passage which of the following may not lead to poor health?

A．Fatness.	B．Smoking
C．High blood pressure.	D．Health service

小題3: What can be inferred after you read this passage?

A．Physical activities are becoming more and more popular in American schools.

B．All the schools provided daily physical education all year for all students.

C．Parents think children need physical education for their bad memories.

D．Students spent less time on physical education for academic pressure.

小題4: What is the main idea about this passage?

A．P.E. is the most important subject for all students.

B．P.E has changed its goal for some reasons in America.

C．It introduces us the present situation of P.E in American schools and its cause.

D．P.E can help students improve their academic subjects.

Johnny Smith was a good math student at a high school. He loved his computer. He came home early every day, then he worked with it till midnight. But Johnny was not a good English student, not good at all. He got an F in his English class. One day after school Johnny joined his computer to the computer in his high school office. The school office computer had the grades of all the students: the math grades, the science grades, the grades in arts and music, and the grades in English. He found his English grade. An F! Johnny changed his English grade from an F to A. Johnny’s parents looked at his report card. They were very happy.  “An A in English!” said Johnny’s Dad. “You’re a very clever boy, Johnny.”
Johnny is a hacker (黑客). Hackers know how to take information from other computers and put new information in. Using a modem (調(diào)制解調(diào)器), they join their computers to other computers secretly. School headmasters and teachers are worried about hackers. So are the police, for some people even take money from bank computer account (賬戶) and put it into their own ones. And they never have to leave home to do it! They are called hackers.
小題1:Johnny changed his English grade with the computer in _______.

A．the classroom	B．the school office
C．his own house	D．a(chǎn) bank near his house

小題2:When Johnny’s parents saw the report, they were happy because _______.

A．Johnny was good at math

B．Johnny loved computers

C．Johnny could join one computer to another

D．they thought Johnny was not poor in English any longer

小題3:Who are worried about hackers in the story?

A．Johnny’s parents.

B．School headmasters, teachers and the police.

C．The police.

D．School headmasters and teachers.

小題4:What should the hackers know well, do you think, after you read this story?

A．Information.	B．Grades.
C．Computers.	D．Back computer accounts.

小題5:The last paragraph is about _______.

A．Johnny

B．computers

C．hackers

D．modem

New rules for middle school students came out in March. Middle school is going to use a new way to decide who the top students are. The top students won’t only have high marks. They will also be kids who don’t dye（color）their hair, smoke or drink. The following are some of the new rules.
Tell the truth. Have you ever copied someone else’s work on an exam? Don’t do it again! That’s not something an honest student should do. If you have played computer games for two hours in your room, don’t tell your parents you have done homework.
Do more at school. Good students love animals and care for other people. April is Bird-Loving Month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate? You should join! That way, you can learn more about animals and how to protect them. When more people work together, it makes it more fun for everyone. Have you ever quarreled with your teammates when your basketball team lost? Only working together can make your team stronger. Be friendly to the people you are with. Try to think of others not only yourself.
Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon? Maybe you’ll discover Earth II someday. Don’t look down on new ideas. Everyone’s ideas are important. You should welcome them, because new ideas make life better for everyone.
Protect yourself. Has someone ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don’t let it happen to you. If you have to go home late, you should let your parents know.
Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your studies. But some things on the Internet aren’t for kids, so try to look at Web pages that are good for you. You can use the Web for fun or homework.
66. How did the author construct the passage?
 

小題1:Which of the following persons can be a top student?

A．Tom who dyes his hair has good marks.

B．John is good at study and easy to accept new ideas.

C．Mary is always helping others and never uses the Internet.

D．Jack, a caring boy, likes quarreled with his classmates

小題2:According to the third paragraph, a top student should ______.

A．make the team stronger	B．work together with others
C．be a good friend to others	D．get on well with others

小題3:The passage tells us how to ______.

A．be top students	B．do more at school
C．care for others	D．use the Internet

小題4:According to the new rules, a top student should do all the following except ______.

A．tell the truth	B．be open to new ideas
C．use the Internet carefully	D．think only other people

A bully is a person who enjoys hurting other people. A bully can hurt people with words or by hitting them. 85% of children in the UK have been bullied at least once.
How can I tell if a person is a bully?
He or she will...
* try to find your weak point--perhaps you are shy, nervous or easily made worried.
* make fun of you in front of your friends.
* borrow money then won't pay you back.
What can I do if a bully bothers me?
* Tell the bully to leave you alone.
* Do not be afraid to ask other people for help, even though the bully tells you not to.
* Do not feel ashamed because you have been bullied. You have done nothing wrong! The bully should feel ashamed.
* Do not believe the bad things a bully says about you.
What should I do if I see a bully bothering someone?
* Help people who are being bullied, even though you don' t know them.
* Be a friend to people who are bullied.
* Tell a teacher if you see bullying.
* Tell bullies to stop, Sometimes bullies are afraid, too.
Why do some people become bullies?
Some bullies...
* have never learnt to think about other people' s feelings.
* don' t like themselves, so they are sad. They think they will be happy if they make another person sad.
* have been bullied themselves by other bullies.
Can bullies change? .
Yes! Bullies can change when they learn to think about other people' s feelings.
Sometimes bullies must be punished before they understand. Sometimes, bullies just need friends.
小題1:A bully often_______ .

A．makes people think about themselves

B．borrows money but doesn’t return

C．helps people when they are in trouble

D．thinks about other people' s feelings

小題2:If you see a bully bothering your friends, you should________.

A．leave them alone

B．help them stop the bully

C．make them ashamed

D．tell them they are wrong

小題3:Which of the following is true?______

A．Bullies say bad words to people.

B．Bullies like themselves very much.

C．Bullies make people around them happy.

D．Bullies must always be punished.

A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape, the relative length of day and night, and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are.
It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats.
Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less vivacious than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more equable. And where the olive and the orange grow, there the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and spontaneous.
But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open temperament? Is the strength and height of one of the Kenyan tribes due to their habitual drinking of the blood of cows?
We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, but let us hope that something of benefit to mankind may eventually result from such studies.
小題1:_____ might serve as a suitable title for this selection.

A．The Importance of Geographical Environment

B．The Influence of Geographical Environment on Man

C．Generalization of Types of People

D．Geographical Environment, a Mysterious Subject

小題2:Using context clues we may infer that " iodine, fluoride and calcium" are _____.

A．substances which act positively or negatively on man's health

B．harmful substances in the water supply

C．substances which help provide breeding places for pests

D．substances contributory to good health

小題3:We may infer from the third paragraph that geography and climate play an important role in determining the inhabitants' _____.

A．health condition	B．personality
C．life-span	D．a(chǎn)ll of the above

小題4:According to the author, research into the influence of geography and climate should_____.

A．focus on some unknown aspects

B．be pursued on a larger scale

C．be carried out within a larger scope

D．go much deeper

小題5:The author hopes that studies on the influence of geographical environment will enable us to           

A．generalize better about types of people

B．find better water supplies

C．gain an insight into its influence on mankind

D．live to a ripe old age

"If you want to see a thing well, reach out and touch it!"
That may seem a strange thing to say. But touching things can help you to see them better.
Your eyes can tell you that a glass ball is round. But by holding it in your hands, you can feel how smooth and cool the ball is. You can feel how heavy the glass is. When you feel all these about the ball, you really see it. With your skin, you can feel better. For example, your fingers can tell the difference between two coins in your pocket. You can feel a little drop of water on the back of your hand, too. You can even feel sounds against your skin. Have you ever wanted to know why some people like very loud music? They must like to feel the sounds of music.
All children soon learn what "Don't touch!" means. They hear it often. Yet most of us keep on touching things as we grow up. In shops, we touch things we might buy: food, clothes. To see something well, we have to touch it. The bottoms of our feet can feel things, too. You know this when you walk on warm sand, cool grass or a hard floor. All feel different under your feet.
There are ways of learning to see well by feeling. One way is to close your eyes and try to feel everything that is touching your skin. Feel the shoes on your feet, the clothes on your body, the air on your skin. At first, it is not easy to feel these things. You are too used to them!
Most museums are just for looking. But today some museums have some things to touch. Their signs say, "Do touch!" There you can feel everything on show.
If you want to see better, reach out and touch. Then you will really see!
小題1:By touching things ______.

A．you will have a strange feeling

B．you will learn how to reach out your hand

C．you can learn more about them

D．you can tell what colors they really are

小題2:Which of the following can be the best title of the story?

A．Touching by Feeling	B．To See or to Feel
C．To See Better-Feel	D．Ways of Feeling

小題3:Which of the following parts can tell you the difference between two coins in your pocket?

A．Your fingers.

B．Your eyes.

C．Your foot.

D．Your back.

小題4:What can't your skin feel?

A．Sounds.

B．Darkness.

C．Water.

D．Coins.

小題5:Which of the following is NOT true?

A．Touching is helping us to see better.

B．Our skins may help us enjoy music.

C．Feeling is a good way to learn.

D．Visitors can't feel the things on show in any museums.

Is your family interested in buying a dog? A dog can be a pleasant companion to your family, but if you choose the wrong kind of dog , you will have a lot of troubles.
Families should sit down and discuss the possible problems before buying a dog. Even if the children in your family are the ones who want the dog, the parents are the ones who are really responsible for seeing that the animal is properly cared for. If you don’t know much about dogs, it is a good idea to go to the library for books about different kinds of dogs, and books about how to train a young dog. In reading about the different breeds(種類)you should know that a dog described(描述)as very alert(機(jī)敏靈活的)may be too active. When a book describes a dog as an excellent hunting dog, it probably means that the dog won’t be happy living in a small house. Dog breeds vary(變化)in popularity as the years go by. One of the most popular dogs these days is the German shepherd. This is because it provides protection as well as companionship. The family should be warned that these dogs grow up to be very big, and may be too powerful for children to control. If space is limited, a toy dog may be a good choice. These dogs are very small and easy to train. They don’t need to be walked daily, since they can exercise in the home.
小題1:According to the passage, one can get information about different kinds of dogs      .

A．by going to the library

B．by asking someone who has enough experience about different kinds of dogs

C．by buying a dog and training it

D．by reading books about dogs

小題2:The German shepherd is a popular dog      .

A．because it is easy to train

B．because it is big and strong

C．because it is powerful and friendly

D．because it is alert and active

小題3:Which of the following statements is not true?

A．Don’t buy a hunting dog if your house is not big enough.

B．A dog may not be so good as it is described in books.

C．The German shepherd never loses its popularity for it provides not only companionship but also protection.

D．You should have a discussion with your family before buying a dog in case it causes you a lot of troubles.

小題4:Which is the best topic of the passage?

A．The care and proper selection of dogs for families.

B．Different breeds of dogs.

C．Responsibility for seeing that dogs are properly cared for.

D．Different kinds of books about dogs.

In order to learn a foreign language well，four things are necessary． First，we must understand the language when we hear it spoken．Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves, with confidence and without hesitation（猶豫）． Thirdly，we must do much reading． Finally， we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are correct in grammar．
There are no shortcuts to success in language learning． A good memory is a great help，but it is not enough only to memorize the rules from a grammar book．It is not much learning by heart long lists of words and their meanings，studying the dictionary and so on．We must learn by using the language．
If we are pleased with a few rules we have memorized，we are not really learning the language．We must “l(fā)earn through use．” Practice is important．We must practise speaking and writing the language whenever we can．
小題1:The most important things to learn a foreign language are ＿＿＿＿＿.

A．understanding and speaking

B．listening，speaking，reading and writing

C．writing and understanding

D．memorizing and listening

小題2:Someone hears and writes English very well， but he speaks it very badly． This is because ＿＿＿＿＿．

A．he doesn’t understand the language when he hears it spoken

B．he doesn’t have a good memory

C．he always remembers lists of words and their meanings

D．he often hesitates（猶豫）to practise speaking it

小題3:One can never learn a foreign language well by ＿＿＿＿。

A．doing much practice	B．studying the dictionary
C．learning through use	D．using the language

小題4:Which is the most important in learning a foreign language？

A．good memory

B．Speaking．

C．Practice．

D．Writing