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Unlike many surfers who sought the perfect wave, my interests always lay beneath the sea' s surface in a world I could only imagine and dream of．When I was twelve, I made my first adventures in the deep．Later I would learn how to dive, expanding my world of exploration many times over．
Perhaps the greatest turning point in my life came when I was in high school and I wrote a letter to the famous Scripps Oceanographic Institution, asking how I might learn more about the sea．A kind scientist answered my letter and told me how to apply to Scripps for a summer scholarship, which I received．During one of their courses that summer, I met Dr．Robert Norris, a marine geologist．He loved the sea almost as much as I did．Soon he suggested I consider his school, the University of California, for my study．One year later I became a member of the freshman class．
Now my love affair with the sea became a serious endeavor（艱苦的努力）．If I wanted to be an undersea explorer, I needed to learn as much as I could about the laws of the physical world that controlled the environment I wanted to enter．The undersea world is not our natural world．It is unforgiving to those who make mistakes．At its greatest depths the water temperature is near freezing, the pressure is eight tons per square inch, and it is totally dark．It is easy to get lost in such a world．I needed to learn a lot about geography, navigation, geology, biology, and many other things．
I decided another important thing for me to do was to join the U．S．Navy．If I was going to be an undersea explorer, I would have to lead men and women on dangerous adventures where they might get hurt, and I didn't want that to happen．
In the Navy I learned discipline, organization, and how to motivate and lead people on adventures so that we could explore the wonders of the deep．
Finally, the time came to put all that I had learned to use, to go forth with a team of men and women and explore an adventure I am still on and hope to be on for many years to come．
小題1:What happened to the author at the age of twelve?

A．He dreamed about undersea exploration．

B．He began to swim under the deep water．

C．He surfed on big waves for the first time．

D．He learned to dive off the cliffs．

小題2:In college, the author took many different types of courses because he

A．was told it was easy to get lost in exploration

B．was advised to take them by Dr．Robert Norris

C．thought they were needed to fully understand the ocean

D．believed it would help him succeed in the Navy

小題3:The author joined the Navy to ______．

A．develop his leadership skills

B．get along with people under stress

C．learn about the dangers of the ocean

D．gather specific information about ocean life

小題4:Which word can best describe the author?

A．Imaginative．

B．Optimistic．

C．Independent．

D．Ambitious．

Some wonderfully creative uses of X-rays have been in the world of art．But the most impressive one is to uncover what has been covered up．Details unfolded by an X-ray of a painting can ' t be seen any other way．For example, in the past, paintings were often repaired if small pieces of paint fell off the canvas （帆布）． These repairs cannot be seen just by looking at the painting．It takes an X-ray to discover where the repairs have been made．
An X-ray of a painting is one of the best ways to tell if it was created by a famous painter or if it is a forgery（贗品）．If there is a question as to whether an old master has painted a certain painting or not, X-rays are made and compared to those of paintings that are known to be original．If the brushstrokes （筆跡） , for example, are shown to be totally different than in other work done by a certain artist, then the painting is proved to be a fake copy．
Since modern paints are usually made from different materials than paints of hundreds of years ago, the image they leave on an X-ray film looks different．This is another way X-rays can be used to spot a forgery．A modem artist will try to make a forgery look hundreds of years old by painting dirty varnish on it or by using artificial means to get the varnish to look cracked．To the naked eye the forgery may look old, but when a careful study of the X-ray image is made, the deception is obvious．
It was common many years ago for an artist to finish a painting, decide it wasn't any good, and paint a completely different picture on top of it．Or artists would paint over others' work —it was their version of recycling．Taking an X-ray is the only way to find out if there is a picture underneath the picture you see with your eyes．Sometimes museums will be more interested in the painting beneath than the one on top, and will restore the older one by having the top layer painstakingly removed．
小題1:What is the main purpose of the article?

A．To provide information to police who are looking for stolen art．

B．To persuade art dealers to check for fake copies before selling art．

C．To explain how modern technology can be applied in unique ways．

D．To help artists restore damaged artwork to its original appearance．

小題2:According to the passage，X-rays are used to ______．

A．make repairs on paintings in the past

B．identify the authenticity of an artwork

C．change the materials of a forgery

D．remove the recyclable paints

小題3:In Paragraph 3, the word "deception" probably means ______．

A．comparison

B．drawback

C．trickery

D．judgement

小題4:Which is the best title for the passage?

A．X-ray Detectives

B．Creative Uses of Technology

C．Forgery Studies

D．X-ray Painting Techniques

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Should Good Sportsmanship Be Taught in School?
Almost everyone feels that it is important for young people to win fairly and show respect toward others．Should good sportsmanship, then, be taught in school? Critics do not think so．     1    Presented here are the most important benefits of teaching sportsmanship．
Teaching good sportsmanship and having a positive attitude in activities like sports, class elections, and science fair competitions are critical to success in school．    2     Acting calmly under pressure helps young adults succeed not only in sports but also in life．
     3    A person cannot play by the rules if he or she does not understand what the rules are．Knowing the rules also applies to other activities．If students enter a science fair competition, for example, they must follow the guidelines． Those who know the rules are much more likely to succeed．When students learn sportsmanship, they discover, how knowing the rules relates to achievement．
Good players become skilled at handling responsibility．When people accept responsibility, they achieve their best．Positive thinkers, moreover, influence others, especially those who are struggling with a problem．A gifted basketball player, for example, might teach skills to a less-talented player．Helping others raises the performance of the entire team．The team, consequently, could reach new heights and set new records．     4    Those who do not practice sportsmanship pass off responsibility．For them, if an opportunity is lost, it is someone else' s fault．When students participate on a team, they benefit by learning to accept responsibility, encourage others and own up to（認錯） mistakes．
Sportsmanship is a winning idea．It must be taught in school．Students need direction to become good sports"．Students will be responsible for their own actions and will have a positive influence on others．As students enter the workforce, businesses benefit．The community also benefits because these students will someday become leaders．     5   

A．We need to educate students about how sportsmanship pays off for everyone．

B．However, the stronger argument favors teaching good sportsmanship．

C．Sports help young adults learn how to team up with others．

D．Good sportsmanship also means admitting mistakes．

E．Activities involving winning or losing can be tense．
F．It is natural that players should be eager to win．
G．Good team players know the rules of the game．

The idea of light pollution has developed with the increase of lights in cities. In many areas, this light makes it difficult or impossible to observe stars and planets in the night sky.
There are a number of reasons why light pollution is important. One has become clear at the Mount Wilson Observatory near Los Angeles, California. Today, light from Los Angeles makes the night sky above Mount Wilson very bright. It is no longer an important reasearch center because of light pollution.
Light pollution threatens to reduce the scientific value of research telescoples in other important observatories. They include Lick Observatory near San Jose, California and Yerkes Observatory near Chicago, Illionis.
Light pollution is the result of wasted energy. Bright light that shines into the sky is not being used to provide light where it is needed on Earth. Poorly designed lighting causes a great deal of light pollution. Lights that are brighter than necessary also cause light pollution.
Most people in America are surprised to find out that they are able to see our own galaxy(星系)，the Milky Way, with their own eyes. But about three­fourths of Americans cannot see the Miky Way because of man­made light.
Objects in the night sky are resources that provide everyone with wonder. But light pollution threatens to prevent those wonderful sights from being seen.
小題1:Light pollution usually occurs________.

A．in cities	B．in the country
C．in wild areas	D．in developing countries

小題2:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Mount Wilson Observatory is the most important one in America.

B．Light pollution affects observatories only.

C．In the dark night people can observe the sky clearly.

D．Astronomers can observe the stars clearly by the lights of the cities.

小題3:The victims affected by the light pollution are________.

A．children

B．grown­ups

C．students

D．observatories

Without plant, people could not live. We eat plants. We breathe the oxygen（氧氣）that plants produce. And we need plants for another reason: we need them for their beauty.
Imagine a world with no plants. Imagine no flowers with their sweet smells, their beautiful colors and their lovely shapes. Imagine when the wind blows, not being able to hear the leaves in the trees or watch the branches sway（搖擺）from side to side.
Everywhere people need the beauty of plants. That is why we have parks full of trees and flowers. That is why people always try to design houses with room for some grass and a garden.
Do you talk to your plants? Do you give them love and attention?
Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird, writers of a book called THE SECRET LIFE OF PLANTS, tell of an experiment in which two seeds were planted in different places. While the plants were growing, one plant was given love and hopeful ideas. The other plant was given only hopeless ideas. After six months, the loved plant was bigger. Under the earth it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem (莖) and more leaves.
小題1:According to the passage, which of the following is right?

A．If there are no flowers, there will be no sweet smells.

B．Without plants, we can’t hear the wind.

C．We plant trees to watch the branches sway from side to side.

D．We need plants not only for food and oxygen but also for their beauty.

小題2:In the experiment, the plants were________.

A．of different kinds	B．talked to in two different ways
C．both given love and attention	D．grown in the same place

小題3:At the end of six months,________.

A．one plant had longer roots than the other and had a thicker stem

B．one plant had longer roots while the other had a thicker stem

C．the plants were of the same size

D．one plant had a thicker stem while the other plant had more leaves

小題4:The experiment has proved（證明） that________-.

A．we should talk to plants and give them love

B．without plants people could not live

C．we should grow as many plants as possible

D．plants need plenty of water, sunshine and attention

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.
___1___ Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.
For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person’s health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones (荷爾蒙). They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. ___2___
Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.
___3___ They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “___4___ Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”
Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. ___5___

A．In general the person feels excited and ready to act.

B．They said that laughter is much healthier than anger.

C．Expressing anger violently is more harmful than repressing it.

D．Do not express your anger while angry.

E. Anger may cause you a cancer.
F. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.
G. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.

Sometimes educators need to be reminded that their job is important and they are very much appreciated. Here are some movies that inspire us and make educators feel proud to be in the field of education where they really do have an impact.
The Miracle Worker
The ultimate teaching miracle, Anne Bancroft is awesome as Annie Sullivan who uses ‘tough love' to get through to the deaf and blind Helen Keller played by Patty Duke. Very few people can watch the famous ‘water' scene without experiencing a feeling of victory and relief. Excellent portrayal of the importance of perseverance. Both Bancroft and Duke won an Academy Award for their performances.
The Karate Kid
While not normally thought of as a ‘classroom' movie, The Karate Kid has much to say to teachers: Sometimes we have to have our students do things that they will not understand until much later; Basic skills are most important; Honor and integrity are central to character; Students need to see us beam with excitement over their achievements. A fun, nostalgic and inspiring movie to relish.
To Sir With Love
Produced in 1967, this film with Sidney Poitier as a novice teacher has a lot to teach us today. Poitier takes a teaching position in the rough part of London in order to pay his bills. Realizing that his students need to be taught important life lessons more than the curriculum he has been handed to teach them, he throws out the lesson plans and makes a real impact on their personal lives.
Mr. Holland's Opus
This memorable movie gives all teachers hope that they truly have an impact on their students. Richard Dreyfuss is wonderful as a musician/composer who must take a teaching job to support his family. In the end, Dreyfuss' character realizes that he has had as much if not more of an impact from his teaching ashe would have as a composer.
小題1:The four films above are specially intended for_______.

A．students

B．teachers

C．parents

D．managers

小題2:Which film tells us that students not only need to learn knowledge in the books but also knowledge in life?

A．Mr. Holland's Opus	B．The Karate Kid
C．To Sir With Love	D．The Miracle Worker

小題3:Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?

A．The actress who plays won a prize.

B．Richard Dreyfuss finally became a composer that he dreamt to be.

C．Helen Keller is the teacher of Annie Sullivan.

D．In the film “The Karate Kid” the teachers later have students do what they understand.

Eating a diet high in processed（經(jīng)過加工的） food increases the risk of depression（抑郁）, research suggests. What's more, people who ate plenty of vegetables, fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression, the University College London team found.
Data on diet among 3,500 middle-aged civil servants were compared with their emotional state five years later, a British journal reported. They split the participants（參與者） into two types of diet--those who ate a diet largely based on whole food，which includes lots of fruit, vegetables and fish，and those who ate a mainly processed food diet, such as sweetened desserts, fried food, processed meat，refined（精制的） grains and high fat dairy products After accounting for factors such as gender, age, education, physical activity, smoking habits and chronic(慢性的) diseases, they found a significant difference in the future depression risk with the different diets.
Those who ate the most wholefood（全天然食物） had a 26% lower risk of future depression than those who ate the least wholefood. By contrast, people with a diet high in processed food had a 58％ higher risk of depression than those who ate a diet low in processed foods.
Study author Dr. Archana Singh Manoux pointed out there was a chance that the finding could be explained by lifestyle factor they had not accounted for.（解釋原因） He also pointed in a paper that a Mediterranean(地中海) diet was associated（有關） with a lower risk of depression, but the problem with that is if you live in Britain, the likelihood （可能）of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high.
Dr．Andrew McCulloeh, chief executive of the Mental Health Foundation, said, this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health.
He added people's diets were becoming increasingly unhealthy. The UK population is consuming （消費）less nutritious, fresh produce and more saturated（飽和） fats and sugars.
小題1:The text is mainly about______.

A．the increasingly unhealthy diet of the UK population

B．the link between processed food and depression

C．the relationship between physical and mental health

D．the emotional state of the British People

小題2:What can we learn from what Dr. Archana Singh Manoux said?

A．It is difficult for most British people to have a Mediterranean diet.

B．The Mediterranean diet is the most healthy in the world.

C．Many studies have been done on the Mediterranean diet before.

D．The Mediterranean diet is not good for depression.

小題3:Dr. Andrew McCulloch agrees that______.

A．our diets are closely related to our mental health

B．the present study needs more facts and other information

C．the UK population will become ill in the near future

D．more saturated fats and sugars should be taken in

小題4:Why might the author have written this text?

A．To tell people what a healthy diet actually is.

B．To prove people’s diets are increasingly unhealthy.

C．To encourage people to cut down on processed food.

D．To introduce some experts on the research team.

Because of the change in the American public school system over the last several years, now many parents choose to home-school their children. There are many reasons behind this. Let’s take a look at a few of them.
For some parents, they have religious (宗教的) reasons for home-schooling. The public school system does not have religious teachings, so these parents want to put religion into the children’s daily school activities. This might include teaching religion-based courses rather than coursework that is taught in public schools.
For some parents, they do not feel that their local school system offers their children the best learning opportunities. So they want to take matters into their own hands. This may be because the local school has low educational standards (標準) or for some other reason the parents think it necessary to take their children out of the system. Sometimes the parents just feel the children will get a better education at home.
Some parents may not be rich enough to send their children to a private school, so the next best thing in their eyes is home-schooling. Thus they can teach their children what they like.
One should remember that the laws about home-schooling vary from state to state. In some states, the parents are required to hand in monthly attendance records (出席記錄) to their local school system. What’s more, most states require state testing at certain periods such as the CRCT.
小題1:The writer wrote this passage mainly to _______.   

A．a(chǎn)dvise parents to home-school their children

B．explain why some parents choose to home-school their children

C．tell us the advantages and disadvantages of home-schooling

D．praise home-schooling and private schools

小題2:Paragraph 3 tells us that some parents choose home-schooling because ______.

A．school teachers are not strict with their children

B．their children don’t do well in their studies at school

C．their children don’t like going to school

D．they are not satisfied with the school education

小題3:What does the underlined word “vary” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Increase

B．Change

C．Spread

D．Keep

小題4:How many reasons for home-schooling are mentioned in the passage?

A．2

B．4

C．3

D．5

Luo Gaoqi hopes to join the increasing number of Chinese students in the United States because he wants the experience of studying in a foreign land as it will help his future job at home. “I want to try Western education because people there think differently,” said the 21-year-old who is in his final year of undergraduate studies. “I also hope to meet friends from different cultures. The social connections may help in the future.”
The latest report from the US-based institute of International Education said China, for the first time, has become the top country of origin for international students in the United States.
For Yang Fan, a journalism student, said studying in the United States is a way to escape the competition for places in China’s top universities.
“Due to limited education resources, only about 60 percent of high school graduates in China enter college, and a much lower rate enters the top-level ones. “A foreign degree will definitely help when I seek a job in China,” Yang said.
Both Yang’s and Luo’s parents are supportive of them studying abroad. Neither of them is thinking of settling down in the United States after graduation.
“It is not realistic to do so. As a journalism student, there would be no advantage for me to work in the United States,” Yang said. “But in China, with a US degree and good English, I may stand out against other students who have only studied in China.”
China still needs to improve its environment for scientists and high-level talents, said Xiao Mingzheng, director of the Center for Human Resource Development and Management Research of Peking University, adding that, in particular, the country needs to improve its policies relating to research environments.
In June, the Chinese government published a plan concerning talent development for the next 10 years. In it, it has improved policies and increased budgets to attract talented students back home.
小題1:Why does Luo Gaoqi wants to study in a foreign land according to his words?

A．Because the people there are more intelligent.

B．Because the foreign countries are more developed.

C．Because he can make more friends there.

D．Because the culture there is different from that in China.

小題2:What do Guo Gaoqi and Yang Fan have in common?

A．Their major is the same, which is journalism.

B．Both of them want to go back to China after graduation.

C．Their parents are against their decision.

D．They are forced to study in a foreign land by their parents.

小題3:From the passage, we can infer that _______.

A．scientists and high-level talents need a better environment in China

B．the students abroad are unwilling to go back to China

C．China doesn’t need those people to come back to our country at all

D．we all need to go abroad to study and then serve our own country