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　Beware of those who use the truth to deceive(欺騙). When someone tells you something that is　　, but leaves out important information that should be　　, he can create a false impression.
For example, someone might say, “I just　　a hundred dollars on the lottery. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and　　it in for one hundred dollars!”
This guy is a winner, 　　? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought two hundred　　, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big　　!
He didn’t say anything that was　　, but he deliberately left out some important　　. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically　　, but they are just as not　　.
Untrustworthy candidates in　　campaigns often use this tactic(手段). Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, the state lost one million jobs and　　three million jobs. Then she　　another term. One of her opponents runs an ad　　, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!”That’s true. 　　, an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of　　million jobs. ”
Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It’s　　the law to make false claims so they try to mislead you with the　　. An ad might boast, “Nine out of ten doctors recommend Yucky Pills to cure nose pimples. ”It　　to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Corporation.
This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.

小題1:	A．false B．true C．interesting D．boring

小題2:	A．included B．contained C．ignored D．referred

小題3:	A．lost B．found C．donated D．won

小題4:	A．changed B．took C．turned D．made

小題5:	A．right B．well C．really D．though

小題6:	A．books B．papers C．tickets D．balls

小題7:	A．winner B．loser C．fighter D．thinker

小題8:	A．true B．real C．doubtful D．false

小題9:	A．details B．information C．mistakes D．errors

小題10:

A．stories B．truth C．messages D．lies

小題11:

A．pleasant B．exciting C．honest D．clever

小題12:

A．political B．commercial C．personal D．public

小題13:

A．stopped B．found C．a(chǎn)voided D．gained

小題14:

A．seeks B．gets C．a(chǎn)chieves D．searches

小題15:

A．writing B．telling C．saying D．speaking

小題16:

A．Otherwise B．However C．Meanwhile D．Because

小題17:

A．one B．two C．three D．four

小題18:

A．for B．to C．a(chǎn)gainst D．in

小題19:

A．words B．facts C．data D．truth

小題20:

A．fails B．tries C．manages D．plans

What makes humans smarter than other animals? We’ve got a bigger brain, of course. But when it comes to brains, is bigger always better?

Traditionally, scientists have thought that humans’ superior intelligence derived(源于)mostly from the fact that our brains are three times bigger than those of our nearest living relatives, chimpanzees. People even used to believe that because men have slightly larger brains than women that men are smarter.
This, however, is not the truth. Scientists at University College London in the UK have found that brain organization, and not brain size, is the key to the superiority of human intelligence, reported Live Science.
Through millions of years of evolution, our ancestors were constantly pushed to get smarter so that they could meet the demands of new environments. However, holding this growing intelligence in increasingly large brains was not the best choice because bigger brains require more energy to power. “This is when reorganization may come into play, ”said Christophe Soligo, a member of the London research team.
In the study, scientists looked at the brains of 17 species of primates(靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物), including monkeys, apes and humans. They found that in the process of evolution, brains didn’t keep growing as a whole. Certain regions of the brain grew prior to others in response to species’ needs, and in this way they could make the best use of their limited brain space.
For example, when early humans were struggling to survive, the brain region in charge of using tools and finding food grew in size more than other regions. But in modern times, the prefrontal cortex(前額皮質(zhì))—the region in charge of social cognition(認(rèn)知), moral judgments and goal-directed planning—grew more than the rest of the brain.
Think of the brain as a room. If a big room is poorly organized, it doesn’t necessarily store more stuff than a smaller one.
Paul Manger, professor at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, explains this principle using the example of whales. He told Scientific American: “Whales have big brains, absolutely. But if you look at the actual structure of the brain, it’s not very complex. Brain size only matters if the rest of the brain is organized properly. ”
小題1:It has recently been found that humans are smarter than the other animals mainly because　　　.

A．they are a species of primates

B．they have much larger brains

C．their brain structure is more complex

D．they were constantly pushed to get smarter

小題2:According to the article, in recent human evolution, 　　　.

A．the brain kept growing in size to adapt to new environments

B．most regions of the brain didn’t change

C．the prefrontal cortex grew more than the rest of the brain

D．humans’ brains became increasingly simple so that humans could survive

小題3:What can we conclude from the article?

A．Gender makes a difference in intelligence.

B．The size of the brain has nothing to do with intelligence.

C．Species whose brain is organized properly tend to be smarter.

D．Larger brains are usually organized better than smaller ones.

小題4:The method the writer uses to develop the last paragraph is　　　.

A．by presenting research data

B．by giving examples

C．by making a comparison

D．by analyzing cause and effect

Move Earth—It’s Not Science Fiction

LONDON—Scientists have found an unusual way to  prevent our planet from overheating: move it to a cooler spot. All you have to do is send a few comets(彗星)in the direction of Earth, and its orbit will be changed. Our world will then be sent spinning into a safer, colder part of the solar system.
This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)engineers and American astronomers. They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet—effectively doubling its working life.
The plan put forward by Dr. Laughlin, and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams, needs carefully directing a comet or asteroid so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy to Earth.
“Earth’s orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the Sun, ”Laughlin said.
Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter or Saturn. The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant planets. Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth, and the process would be repeated.
In the short term, the plan provides an ideal way to global warming, although the team was actually concerned with a much greater danger. The Sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so“seriously compromise” our biosphere(生物圈)—by cooking us.
That’s why the group decided to try to save Earth.
The plan has one or two worrying aspects, however. For a start, space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth. The smallest miscalculation(誤算)in orbit could fire it straight at Earth—with deadly consequences.
There is also the question of the Moon. As the current issue of Scientific American magazine points out, if Earth was pushed out of its current position, it is“most likely the Moon would be stripped away from Earth”. This would greatly change our planet’s climate.
小題1:What makes the scientists plan to move Earth?

A．A few comets are moving to the direction of Earth.

B．Earth’s working life is coming to an end soon.

C．Earth will become too hot for mankind to keep alive.

D．The moon is moving farther and farther away from Earth.

小題2:If the plan is successful, Earth will have a working life of　　　years.

A．12 billion	B．6 billion
C．18 billion	D．24 billion

小題3:What serious problems might the plan cause according to the passage?

A．The comet might hit Earth and man might lose the Moon.

B．Earth might be moved too far away and man might be frozen to death.

C．The comet might hit Jupiter or Saturn and never return to Earth.

D．Earth’s working life might be greatly shortened.

小題4:What does the underlined word“compromise”mean?

A．Provide.	B．Benefit.
C．Share.	D．Endanger.

Recently we told you about a finding that more years of school could help students get higherscores on intelligence tests．That was the finding of a study of teenage males in Norway．Now，other research shows that physical activity may help students do better in their classes .
The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education．They are using the time instead for academic subjects like maths and reading．The studies appeared between 2007 and 2013．They included more than 55，000 children，aged 6 to 18．
Amika Singh：“Based on the results of our study，we can conclude that being physically active is beneficial for academic performance. There are，first，Physiological explanations，like more blood flow, and so more oxygen to the brain．Being physically active means there are more hormones(荷爾蒙)produced like endorphins(內(nèi)啡肽)．And endorphins make your stress level lower and  your mood improved, which means you also perform better.”
Also，students involved in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them．This could improve their classroom behavior and help them keep their mind on their work．
The study leaves some questions unanswered，however．Ms．Stash says it is not possible to say whether the amount or kind of activity affected the level of academic improvement．This is because of differences among the studies .
Also．they were mostly observational studies．An observational study is where researchers do not do controlled comparisons．They only describe what they observe．So they might observe a link that students who are more active often have better grades．But that does not necessarily mean being active was the cause of those higher grades．
The researchers said they found only two high - quality studies．They called for more high-
quality studies to confirm their findings．They also pointed out that “outcomes for other parts of the world may be quite different. ”
Still，the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school．Ms．Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs．Her paper on “Physical Activity and Performance at School”is published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine．
小題1:The passage mainly tells us that ＿＿＿＿

A．a(chǎn) research on physical education has been done by the researchers

B．there exists a possibility that physical activity leads to higher grades

C．the amount or kind of activity directly affects academic level

D．the research shows that the children aged 6 to 1 8 don't do sports

小題2:Which of the following is TRUE?

A．Being mentally active is good for academic subjects．

B．The more hormones you have，the more stressed you will get．

C．They have found many high-quality studies to prove the research．

D．The educators in the research think studies，not exercise，mean much to students．

小題3:The underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 probably means ＿＿＿＿.

A．good marks result from high-quality study

B．findings probably vary in different areas

C．physical activity will spread all over the world

D．a(chǎn)cademic performance depends on the surroundings

小題4:What's the purpose of writing the passage?

A．To call our attention to the sports at school．

B．To introduce all types of physical activities．

C．To represent the academic performance．

D．To improve students' health ．

Around the world coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are facing threats(威脅) brought by climate change and great changes in sea temperatures. While ocean warming has been the primary focus for scientists and ocean policy managers, cold events can also whiten corals. A new study by scientists compared damaged to corals exposed to heat as well as cold stress. The results show that cool temperatures can cause more damage in the short term, but heat is more destructive(破壞性的) in the long run.
Climate change is widely known to produce warming conditions in the oceans, but extreme cold-water events have become more frequent and serious as well. In 2010, for example, coral reefs around the world faced on of the coldest winters and one of the hottest summers on record.
During a unique experiment, corals under cold temperatures suffered greater damage in just days compared with heat treated corals. Yet the researchers found that corals were eventually able to adjust to the cold conditions, make their health stable and continue to grow. However, over the long term corals subjected to heat suffered more greatly than those in cold, with evidence of severe whitening and growth stoppage, which leads to death.
The coral’s ability to adjust to cool temperatures surprised the researchers, who say the study’s results show the complexities(復(fù)雜性) of monitoring coral health in response to different environmental factors(因素).
“Global warming is associated with increases but also decreases of temperatures,” said Deheyn, one of the researchers. “Not much has been known about the comparative effects of temperature decrease on corals. These results are important because they show that corals react differently to temperature differences, which is important for future management of coral reefs in the field of climate change.”
小題1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Corals are unable to adjust to temperature changes.

B．Cold temperature causes greater damage to corals.

C．Hot temperature helps coral reefs to grow quickly.

D．Heat and cold damage corals in their own ways.

小題2:We can learn from the passage that         .

A．scientists used to pay no attention to the effect of cold events on corals

B．2010 witnessed one of the greatest temperature differences on record

C．corals prefer warmer conditions to cold temperatures in the long run

D．global warming has nothing to do with the decrease of temperature

小題3:According to the research,            .

A．corals may continue to grow in cold events after a few days

B．cold events help corals grow more quickly in a short time

C．corals show no response to hot temperatures in the first days

D．corals are whitened mainly because of warm temperatures

小題4:Scientists reached the conclusion through              .

A．news report

B．scientific study

C．great imagination

D．natural conditions

Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today.  The Caltech scientists say they have directly established the temperature of Mars four billion years ago. At least, they established the surface temperature on part of the planet at that time. The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented.
The Caltech scientists say carbonate（碳酸鹽）minerals formed on Mars at about eighteen degrees Celsius. They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（隕石）that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.
Today, the average temperature on Mars is sixty-three degrees below zero Celsius.
The finding was reported on the website of the National Academy of Sciences. Caltech Assistant Professor Woody Fischer helped to prepare the report. He says eighteen degrees Celsius is not especially cold or hot. He says this makes the finding extremely interesting. Knowing the temperature can give scientists an idea of the climate on Mars long ago. It can also help them decide whether the planet had liquid water. Spacecraft orbiting Mars have shown what appear to be rivers, lakebeds and mineral deposits. These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have proved the information.

The meteorite the scientists examined is one of the oldest known rocks in the world. It is called the Allan Hills meteorite. Its name came from the place in Antarctica where it was found in 1984. The meteorite is believed to have blown loose from the Mars' surface when another space rock struck its "home."
小題1:The underlined word “establish” in Paragraph 1 probably means “___________”.

A．to set up

B．to make people accept a belief

C．to discover or prove

D．to start having a relationship with others

小題2:How did the scientists reach the finding?

A．By studying Allan Hills meteorite.

B．By using spacecraft orbiting Mars.

C．By studying minerals gathered on Mars.

D．By studying a meteorite on the Martian surface.

小題3:According to the fourth paragraph, what have spacecraft orbiting Mars done?

A．Measuring the temperature of Mars.

B．Taking photos of the surface of Mars.

C．Finding that there is water flowing on Mars.

D．Proving where human beings will probably land on Mars.

小題4:Where can we most probably read this passage?

A．In a biography of scientists.	B．In a geography magazine.
C．In an environment report.	D．In a science report.

Henry was not   at math. Even when the teacher explained something a second time, he still couldn’t     it.
“Never mind. I’ll sit    the boy who’s the best at    ,” Henry thought, “and      his answers.”
The day of the exam    , and Henry sat next to Allan,     was    at the top of the class in math. Henry copied Allan’s answers     his own exam paper. At the end of the exam, the teacher said, “Well, boys and girls, I’ve decided to give a red    to the student who got the    grade. It’s     for me to decide who I’ll give the star to, however,       two students, Henry and Allan, got the     grade.” After a moment she went on, “       I’ve decided to give the star to    this time.”
Henry was _  __ when he heard this. He stood    and said, “But I got the same grade as Allan, madam.”
“That’s    .” The teacher said. “However, Allan’s answer to Question 6 was ‘I don’t know.’, but    was ‘Nor do I.’ .”

小題1:	A．well B．best C．better D．good

小題2:	A．retell B．understand C．remember D．a(chǎn)nswer

小題3:	A．in front of B．besides C．behind D．next to

小題4:	A．English B．Chinese C．science D．math

小題5:	A．check B．choose C．keep D．copy

小題6:	A．ended B．came C．over D．start

小題7:	A．who B．that C．whom D．which

小題8:	A．never B．a(chǎn)lmost C．sometimes D．a(chǎn)lways

小題9:	A．in B．on C．a(chǎn)t D．onto

小題10:

A．star B．coat C．pen D．book

小題11:

A．least B．best C．lowest D．highest

小題12:

A．unusual B．easy C．hard D．important

小題13:

A．because B．though C．until D． if

小題14:

A．low B．high C．different D．same

小題15:

A．So B．Because C．And D．But

小題16:

A．nobody B．Henry C．Allan D．a(chǎn)nybody

小題17:

A．a(chǎn)fraid B．worried C．pleased D．a(chǎn)ngry

小題18:

A．out B．up C．for D．by

小題19:

A．wrong B．true C．OK D．a(chǎn)ll right

小題20:

A．yours B．mine C．his D．others’

It's a fact that we all dream. Some dreams seem to last for hours, others only for seconds. Some of us have strange dreams, some have interesting dreams, and some of us have unpleasant dreams. Tests in the 1980s showed that these dreams occur within 90-minute cycles, each cycle made up of six stages. In the last stage people experience rapid eye movement, known as REM, and it is in this stage that dreaming takes place. Eighty percent of people who were woken during this sixth stage could easily remember their dreams. On the other hand, when during the first five stages (NREM), only seven percent could describe a dream.
However, of these same people woken during the first five stages, 74% were able to remember thinking activity, although they would not call it a dream. NerysDee, who has written about dreams in a book called "Your Dreams and What They Mean" says: "Perhaps during NREM sleep we are sorting out our outer mundane problems, but in REM sleep we are dealing with inside matters." She also makes the following statement about 90-minute cycle: It may also prove the reason why insomniacs who wake in the middle of the night find it impossible to get to sleep again for at least an hour and a half. In other words, until they have missed out one complete 90-minute sleep period.
小題1:Which of the following statements about dreams is TRUE?

A．Everyone dreams but very few can recall what they dream.

B．Some people have long dreams and others have very short ones.

C．People can only remember unpleasant dreams.

D．More than eighty percent of people can remember their dreams.

小題2:According to the tests in the 1980s, dreaming takes place­­______.

A．between each 90-minute cycle

B．a(chǎn)t any time during 90-minute cycles

C．during the first five stages of 90-minute cycles

D．in the last stage of 90-minute cycles

小題3:People woken during REM sleep can______.

A．hardly remember their dreams

B．easily remember their dreams

C．only remember their dreams

D．partly remember their thinking activity

小題4:"Insomniacs" are persons who______.

A．can always remember their dreams

B．have trouble getting into sleep at night

C．experience rapid eye movement

D．usually wake after each 90-minute sleep period

Most parents, I suppose, have had the experience of reading a bedtime story to their children. And they must have        how difficult it is to write a        children's book.  Either the author has aimed too     . , so that the children can't follow what is in his (or more often, her) story,        the story seems to be talking to the readers.
The best children's books are        very difficult nor very simple, and satisfy both the     who hears the story and the adult who         it. Unfortunately, there are in fact       books like this,       the problem of finding the right bedtime story is not        to solve.
This may be why many of books regarded as        of children's literature were in fact written for      . “Alice's Adventure in Wonderland” is perhaps the most        of this.
Children, left for themselves, often      the worst possible interest in literature. Just  leave a child in bookshop or      and he will more  willingly choose the books    in an imaginative way, or have a look at most children's comics ( 連環(huán)畫(huà) ), full of the stories and jokes to which both teachers and right-thinking parents     .
Perhaps we parents should stop trying to persuade children into        our taste in literature. After all children and adults are so       that we parents should not expect that they will enjoy the      books. So I suppose we'll just have to compromise（妥協(xié)） over that bedtime story.

小題1:	A．hoped B．realized C．told D．said

小題2:	A．short B．long C．bad D．good

小題3:	A．easy B．short C．high D．difficult

小題4:	A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．or D．so

小題5:	A．both B．neither C．either D．very

小題6:	A．child B．father C．mother D．teacher

小題7:	A．hears B．buys C．understands D．reads

小題8:	A．few B．many C．little D．much

小題9:	A．but B．however C．so D．because

小題10:

A．hard B．easy C．enough D．fast

小題11:

A．a(chǎn)rticles B．work C．a(chǎn)rts D．works

小題12:

A．a(chǎn)dults B．girls C．boys D．children

小題13:

A．difficult B．hidden C．obvious D．easy

小題14:

A．a(chǎn)re B．show C．find D．a(chǎn)dd

小題15:

A．library B．school C．home D．office

小題16:

A．read B．designed C．printed D．written

小題17:

A．favor B．interest C．object D．read

小題18:

A．receiving B．a(chǎn)ccepting C．having D．refusing

小題19:

A．same B．friendly C．different D．common

小題20:

A．common B．a(chǎn)verage C．different D．same

A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo(接受) testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.
The system, called driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%--40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue（疲勞）.
Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband. The device, worn by drivers or pilots gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盤(pán)). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver’s response.
Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.
In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver’s response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.
The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months’ time, are successful, the makers will bring the product to market within about a year.
小題1:How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert?

A．By sounding a warning.

B．By touching the wristband.

C．By checking the driving time.

D．By pressing the steering wheel.

小題2:We can learn from the text that the driver needs to stop for a break when his response time is ________

A．a(chǎn)bout 400 milliseconds	B．below 500 milliseconds
C．over 500 milliseconds	D．a(chǎn)bout 4 minutes

小題3:When the driver gets sleepy while driving, Driver Alert ______.

A．moves more regularly

B．stops working properly

C．opens the window for the driver

D．sounds more frequently and loudly

小題4:According to the text, Driver Alert ______.

A．a(chǎn)ims to reduce tiredness-related accidents

B．has gone through testing at laboratories

C．a(chǎn)ims to prevent drivers from sleeping

D．has been on sale for 12 months